iosr-JCE   National Conference On "Changing Technology and Rural Development" CTRD 2k16

Abstract: We think we live in modern world but there are still areas which have limited or no supply of electricity. Most of this area is located in mountains where we cannot provide electricity generated from tidal, hydroelectric, thermal energy by grid connectivity as they are situated in very remote places. They still depend on kerosene lamp which we consider as obsolete. So how to provide electricity in such places? You might think of solar or wind energy. But the problem with solar energy is it varies from places to places which are same with wind energy. So we've to think a better alternative to get rid of this question and which is also viable. Here Gravity comes into picture.............

Keywords - DC Motor, Electricity Generation, Gear Train, Gravitational Energy, Sustainable.

[1]. http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/resources/energydevelopment/energyaccessdatabase/#
[2]. Introduction about the fume generations: http://www.azocleantech.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=349
[3]. About Mikhail Dmitri Gravity wheel motor: http://peswiki.com/directory:mikhail-dmitriev-gravity-wheel
[4]. About Clay Moulton's Gravia Lamp: http://phys.org/news/2008-02-grad-student-gravity-lamp.html

Abstract: Even on a grey day with an overcast sky there is normally excess of light outdoors in comparison with what is required at most work places indoors. This excess of light can be harvested, concentrated, amplified and distributed indoors by fibre optics to replace most of the electrical lighting. The whole system manually tracks the sun. In doing so, it could have an operation period of around 6hrs each day with its peak efficiency at noon. We analysed three systems. They are all biaxial tracking system. There are several benefits of day lighting, energy saving is one of them.............
Keywords: Day lighting, Fiber Optics, Green Technology, Solar Concentrator, Solar tracking.

[1] A. Dunne, "Some Effects of the Quality of Light on Health," Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine, Vol. 4, No. 4, 1989, pp. 229-232.
[2] About Himawari System: http://www.himawari-net.co.jp/e_page-index01.html
[3] About ParansSystem:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257534219
[4] About Hybrid Solar Lighting: http://web.ornl.gov/info/ornlreview/v40_2_07/2007-04_ee00315_tf_hybridsolar.pdf
[5] About Solux System: http://www.learn.londonmet.ac.uk/packages/helioptics/index.html
[6] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239405958_Towards_hybrid_lighting_systems_A_review

Abstract: Smart materials have been in use since 1980's and they have found large number of applications in the field of automobiles, constructions, transport, medical and domestic areas. A smart material is one which reacts to its environment by itself. It has various types such as Shape Memory Alloys (SMA), piezoelectric materials, magnetostrictive materials, smart fluid (magneto and electro-rheological materials), chromic materials etc. This paper highlights the present development in application of Shape Memory Alloy's (SMA) and piezoelectric especially in automobile. The types of Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) like such as copper-aluminum-nickel and nickel-titanium (NiTi) are also explained in short with their use in automobile

Keywords- Smart Materials, Piezoelectric Material, Shape Memory Material (SMA), Automobile.

[1] Gibson, M. A. (2013). "A Review of Shape Memory Alloy Research, Applications and Opportunities".Materials& Design".
[2] Wilkes, K. E (2000). "The fatigue behavior of shape-memory alloys".
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_material.

[4] "Smart Materials and Structures". 2014 Journal Citation Reports. Web of Science (Science- ed.). Thomson Reuters. 2015.

[5] Huang, S; Leary, Martin; Attalla, Tamer; Probst, K; Subic, A (2012). "Optimization of Ni–Ti shape memory alloy response time by transient heat transfer analysis". Materials & Design.

Abstract: Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a designed widely used system to reduce the exhaust emissions, particularly nitrogen oxides (NOx). The EGR system recirculates a fraction of exhaust gases into the intake manifold where it mixes with the fresh incoming charge. In Compression Ignition engines, formation of NOX is highly temperature dependent phenomenon and takes placewhen the temperature in the combustion chamber is very high (exceeds 2000 k). An experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on diesel engine Performance.

Keywords: Petrol and Diesel engine, EGR, NOx emissions, engine performance, and emission analysis.

[1] Heywood J B. 1988. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals. McGraw-Hill International Ed., ISB No.: 07-100499-8.
[2] Ghazikhani M., Kalateh M.R., ToroghiY.K. AndDehnavi M. 2009. An experimental study on the effect of EGR and engine speed on CO and HC emissions of Dual Fuel HCCI engine. World Academy of Science Engineering and Technology
[3] Ladommatos.N, S.M. Abdelhalim, H. Zhao and Z. Hu., The effects of carbon dioxide in exhaust gas recirculation on diesel engine emissions, Journal of Automobile Engineering, 212, (1998) 25–42.
[4] [4]Agarwal.D, S. Sinha, A. K. Agarwal, Experimental investigation of control of NOx emissions in biodiesel – fuelled compression ignition engine, Renewable Energy, 31, (2006), 2356-2369
[5] [5]Mozafari A. Exhaust gas recirculation in sparkignition engine.Adv Heat Trans ASME 1994; PD64(1):197 202.

Abstract: Experimental studies on friction factor and heat transfer characteristics for turbulent flow ofwater in a circular tube fitted with wire coil, screw tape inserts and combination of both under nearly uniform wall temperature conditions are reported in this article. The experimental results reveal that the use of inserts leads to considerable increase in heat transfer and friction loss over those of a plain tube. The Nusselt increases with the rise of Reynolds number for all inserts and average Nusselt number for a combination of wire coil and screw tape insert is found 155 times higher than that of a plain tube.

Keywords:- Nusselt number, Reynolds number, screw tape, wire coil, turbulent flow

[1] Bergles, A. E., November ,"Some Perspectives on Enhanced Heat Transfer, Second-Generation Heat Transfer Technology," ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 110,1988, 1082-1096.
[2] E. Smithberg, F.Landis, "Friction and Forced Convection Heat transfer characteristics in tubes fitted with twisted tape swirl Generators", ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 2, 1964, 39-49.
[3] A. W. Date, J.R.Singham, "Numerical prediction of friction factor and heat transfer characteristics of fully developed laminar flow in tubes containing twisted tapes", ASME Paper No. 72-HT-17, 1972.
[4] Date, A.W., " Prediction of fully developed flow in a tube containing a twisted tape". International Journal Heat and MassTransfer. 17,1974,845–859 [6] Hong, S.W., Bergles, A.E.,"Augmentation of laminar flow heat transfer in tubes by means oftwisted-tape inserts". ASME J. Heat Transfer. 98,1976, 251–256
[5] Duplessis, J.P., Kroeger, D.G., "Numerical prediction of laminar flow with heat transfer in tube with a twisted tape insert." Proceedings of the International Conference on Numerical Methods in Laminar and Turbulent Flow, 1983, 775–785.

Abstract: When wework in large scale network ,number of problems arises, the total time required to deal with these type of problemsdepends on how severe the problemis. As system takes more time to recover from failures, maintenance costgoes on increasing,italso causes loss of processing cycles. To deal with such type of loss, the information at various nodes in network is collected and verification of failure reasons is performed. Intraditional system thisprocess of dealing with failureswashandled by humans, but such manual processing was leading to various problems such as consumption of time, scalability of network and many more. As scalability of network goes on increasing we should think on automation of anomaly identification to perform failure diagnosis.

Keywords: Abnormal,Anomaly ,Communication,Detection,Failure, Timer

[1] ZhilingLan, Member, IEEE Computer Society, ZimingZheng,Student Member, IEEE, and Yawei Li, Member, IEEE To ward Automated Anomaly Identification in Large-Scale Systems,IEEE Transaction on parallel and distributed system,Vol.21,No. 2, pp.174-187 February 2010.
[2] M Ozaki, Y. Adachi, Y. Iwahori, and N. Ishii, Application of fuzzy theory to writer recognition of Chinese characters, International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 18(2), 1998, 112-116.

Abstract: The human signature is proven to be the most important for access. Signature of the person is proven to be the important biometric attribute of a human being which can be used to authenticate human identity [1]. There are many biometric characteristics by which one can have own identity like face recognition, fingerprint detection, iris inspection and retina scanning [2]. Voice reorganization and signature verification are the upcoming technologies for the human identity.Human signature can be handling as the image and can be recognized by using the computer vision and neural network...............

Keywords— Image Processing, Neural Network, Offline signature Recognition & Verification, Security.

[1] O.C Abikoye M.A Mabayoje R. Ajibade "Offline SignatureRecognition& Verification using Neural Network", Department of Computer Science University of Ilorin P.M.B 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 35– No.2, December 2011
[2] AshwiniPansare, Shalini Bhatia "Off-line Signature Verification Using Neural Network", International Journal of Scientific &Engineering Research, Volume 3, Issue 2, February-2012 1 ISSN 2229-5518
[3] Ms. VibhaPandey, Ms. SanjivaniShantaiya, "Signature Verification Using Morphological Features Based on ArtificialNeural Network", International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Volume 2, Issue 7, July 2012 ISSN: 2277 128X
[4] PaigwarShikha, ShuklaShailja, "Neural Network Based OfflineSignature Recognition and Verification System", Department of Electrical Engineering, Jabalpur Engineering College Jabalpur, MP, INDIA, Research Journal of Engineering Sciences ISSN 2278 – 9472, Vol. 2(2), 11-15, February (2013)

Abstract: Current era is of Internet. Nowadays majority of business processes are done online. Companies prefer to post vacancies on their website and accept resumes of eligible candidates. Millions of people are posting their resumes on such websites. This task of selecting and verifying resumes is laborious, time consuming but the accuracy of data is in question. Therefore it was thought of computerizing this activity. In this system, we are proposing a model or tool that will extract the needed information of eligible candidates. Proposed model uses searching and sorting algorithm. This algorithm efficiently and accurately searches for and sorts the qualifying candidates............

Keywords - Authentication, Laravel framework, MVC, php.

[1] JauariAkhmad NH, MasfuHisyam. "Implementing Singleton method in Design of MVC- Based PHP Framework Sentinel Web". Informatics Department Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institute of Surabaya Surabaya, Indonesia 2015.
[2] R. Rizal Isnanto. "Implementation of Laravel Framework in Web Based Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System". Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University Semarang, Indonesia.
[3] HE REN YU. "Design and implementation of web based on Laravel framework". 2014 International Conference on Computer Science and Electronic Technology (ICCSET 2014).
[4] JunaluxChalidabhongse, NattaponJirapokakul and Rata Chutivisarn. "Facilitating Job Recruitment Process through Job Application Support System". School of Management Technology Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology,Thammasat University Rangsit Campus, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand 2006.

Abstract: In today's world information and communication technology supports the development of human interaction with physical, computer and virtual environment such as science, commercial, banking, education, etc. Augmented reality is a field of computer research which deals combination of reality with computer related data. In early days if we users wanted to buy a furniture objects without visiting the shops it was possible but it was not possible to check how the object actually looks in home structure...........

Keywords: Augmented Reality, Marker Detection, Rendering, Image Processing.

[1]. "Taiki Fuji, Yasue Mitsukura,Toshio Moriya"," Furniture Layout AR Application using Floor Plans based on Planar Object Tracking",IEEE 2012,pp-1-10.
[2]. "M. Calonder, V. Lepetit, M. Ozuysal, T. Trzinski, C. Strecha, and P. Fua", "BRIEF: Computing a Local Binary Descriptor Very Fast", IEEE 2012, Vol. 34, No. 7, pp. 1281-1298.
[3]. "Furniture Layout Application Based on Marker Detection and Using Augmented Reality", International Research Journal of
[4]. Engineering and Technology, Volume: 02 Issue: 07 | Oct-2015.
[5]. "D. W. F. van Krevelen , R. Poelman"," A Survey of Augmented Reality Technologies, applications and Limitations", The

Abstract: The usage of vehicles is increasing day by day. Most of the people disobeys the rules of traffic and may do the rash driving. Rash driving may be abrupt change in speed, continuous change in lane etc. Rash driving is most dangerous for people. If there is more number of vehicles moving on a road, then there is more possibility of accident. Now day's mobile phones are equipped with numerous sensors that can help to aid in safety enhancements for drivers on the road. There is lot of sensors used to detect the rash driving.These sensors are being discussed a in this survey. This paper provides a survey of various methods for analyzing driver behaviour.

Keywords – Rash Driving, Three-axis accelerometer, Gyroscope, Gravity Sensor, Android-based smart phone with GPS.

[1] Singh, P., Juneja, N., Kapoor, S.,Using mobile phone sensors to detect driving behavior, Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Symposium on Computingfor Development , 2013.
[2] Fazeen M.,Gozick B.,Dantu R.,Bhukhiya M.,Gonzalez M.C., Safe Driving Using Mobile Phones, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2012.
[3] Chigurupa S.,Polavarap S.,Kancherla Y.,NikhathK.A.,Integrated Computing System for measuring Driver Safety Index, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,2012.

Abstract: The idea to make something useful for travelling environment has led us to "R-Indicator: The bus tracking system". The application focuses on problem faced by bus passengers related to bus timing or cancellation of bus or any other. Well if you are new in the city or part of Ratnagiri city then you will always find the necessary information of the service buses, routes and their timings or current location etc. by using this, it is one of the best way of getting all the information in one application. The online users are able to see the live status or location of particular bus and also receive notifications related to delay or cancellation of bus. Also online and offline users can see the schedule of buses..............

Keywords:- GPS, Google Map, Dijkstra's Shortest Path Algorithm (DSPA).

[1]. Leeza Singla, Parteek Bhatia,"GPS based bus tracking system",Computer,Communication and Control (IC4), 2015 International Conference on Year:2015 Pages: 1 6, DOI: 10.1109/IC4.2015.7375712 IEEE Conference Publications.
[2]. Darshan Ingle, Saumya Omanakuttan,"Low-Cost Bus Tracking System Using Area-Trace Algorithm",e-ISSN: 2278-0661, p- ISSN: 2278-8727Volume 16,Issue 2, Ver. I (Mar-Apr. 2014), PP 01-00.
Applications:
[3]. MSRTC Application
[4]. Ratnagiri Bus Guide Application
[5]. M-Indicator

Abstract: This paper uses the concept of Automation used in the domain of Public Cleanliness and Hygiene. Careless trashing of garbage onto the roads is a common scenario to be found in all developing countries. A Wi-Fi Trash Bin is a concept of an attached Wi-Fi router along with a dustbin. Whenever anyone puts the trash in the dustbin, it automatically detects that trash and generates a temporary Wi-Fi code for the user to connect to free Wi-Fi for a limited period of time. Once the time limit is over it automatically disconnects the user. A single user can use the Wi-Fi twice a day.............

Keywords: waste management, public cleanliness, hygiene, careless trashing, assiduous ask, recycling, decomposing, unhygienic conditions, trash-populated areas, trash bin, sensors, Self-Awareness.

[1]. M. Prasanth, Pragnya Srinivasan, Madhuri Pendyala "Automated waste clearance: Street-wise cleanliness!" International Conference on Human Computer Interactions (ICHCI), IEEE, DOI: 10.1109/ICHCI-IEEE.2013.6887798, 01 September 2014.
[2]. P. Suresh, Vijay. Daniel, R.H. Aswathy, Dr. V. Parthasarathy, "A State of the Art review on Internet of Things" International Conference on Science Engineering and Management Research (ICSEMR), IEEE, DOI: 10.1109/ICSEMR.2014.7043637 19 February 2015.

Abstract: Now a days there is vast enhancement in technologies, different tools and techniques are available in agriculture sector. To improve efficiency, productivity, global market and to reduce human intervention, time and cost there is a need to divert towards new technology named Internet of Things. IoT is the network of devices to transfer the information without human involvement. Hence, to gain high productivity, IoT works in synergy with agriculture to obtain smart farming. This paper focuses on role of IoT in agriculture that leads to smart framing.

Keywords: Internet of Things, Smart Farming, Efficiency, Productivity

[1] Jim Chase: The Evolution of the Internet of Things. White Paper, Texas Instruments, September, 2013.
[2] Deeksha Jain, P. Venkata Krishna and V. Saritha, "A Study on Internet of Things based Applications", 2012.
[3] http://www.businessinsider.com/internet-of-things-smart-agriculture-2016-10?IR=T
[4] Xiaohui Wang and Nannan Liu, "The application of internet of things in agricultural means of production supply chain management", Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2014, 6(7):2304-2310, ISSN : 0975-7384,2014.

Abstract: Internet has drived the globalisation which addresses the interaction and integration among the people, different business institues, government bodies, and many more. As people are exposed to unlimited number of quantitative and qualitative products through use of internet, they seek for the expected one at reasonable or favourable cost and time. Online auction has become proéminent solution to the expectations of online buyers since it excludes the need of physical presence of bidder at the auction place and the product can be obtained at the affordable price..............

Keywords: Auction, bidder, shill bidding, end-bid value.

[1]. Sandeep Kumar, "Pricing Algorithms in Online Auctions by" International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 6, June 2013 ISSN: 2277 128X, June - 2013, pp. 148-153.
[2]. P. Hemantha Kumar, Gautam Barua, "Design of a Real-Time Auction System", 4th International Conference on Electronic Commerce Research, November 8-11, 2001, Dallas, Texas, USA.
[3]. Avrim Blum ,Vijay Kumar, Atri Rudra and Felix Wu . "Online Learning in Online Auctions", Theoretical Computer Science - Special issue: Online algorithms in memoriam, Steve Seiden, Volume 324 Issue 2-3, 20 September 2004, pages 137-146.
[4]. Predicting the End-Price of Online Auctions, by Rayid Ghani, Hillery Simmons.
[5]. Bryan, D., Lucking-Reily, D., Prasad, N., Reeves, D. Pennies from eBay: the Determinants of Price in Online Auctions., January 2000

Abstract: Medical image fusion is a technique in which useful information from two or more recorded medical images is integrated into a new image to offer as much details as possible for diagnosis. In medical field the fusion of different modality images is done by integrating the DWT & PCA method as it gives the more effective and reliable data without much loss. The decomposed coefficients of Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) are applied with the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to get fused image information. Choose decomposed coefficients by fusion rule and using inverse DWT to get the fussed image of two modalities images. The parameter analysis like RMSE, entropy, structural content, standard deviation and PSNR analysis shows better improvement on results.

Keywords: Image fusion, DWT, PCA, DSP Processor

[1] Ahmed Kharrat, Mohamed Ben MESSAOUD," Detection of Brain Tumor in Medical Images", International Conference on Signals, Circuits and Systems,2009.
[2] Po-Whei Huang, Cheng-I Chen, Phen-Lan Lin, "PET and MRI Brain Image Fusion Using Wavelet Transform with StructuralInformation Adjustment", 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Bioelectronics and Bioinformatics (IEEE ISBB 2014).
[3] Bin Luo, Muhammad Murtaza Khan, Thibaut Bienvenu, Jocelyn Chanussot,"Decision-Based Fusion for Pan sharpening of Remote Sensing Images", IEEE geoscience and remote sensing letters, vol. 10, no. 1, January 2013.
[4] V.P.S. Naidu and J.R. RaolR. Nicole, "Pixel-level Image Fusion using Wavelets and Principal Component Analysis", Defence Science Journal, Vol. 58, No. 3, May 2008, pp. 338-352.

Abstract: The popular concept of a robot is of a machine that looks and works like a human being. The industry is moving from current state of automation to Robotization, to increase productivity and to deliver uniform quality. One type of robot commonly used in industry is a robotic manipulator or simply a robotic arm known as pick and place robot. It is an open or closed kinematic chain of rigid links interconnected by movable joints. In this work in first stage our focus on theoretical development of robotic arm model along with screw holding fixture for oxidizing processforindustrial robot applications..........

Keywords: Fixture, Robot, Control, Oxidization, Fabrication

[1] N. Firthous Begum1, P. Vignesh2, Design and Implementation of Pick and Place Robot with Wireless Charging Application,
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438.
[2] N. B. Ekwe, D. F. Aloko,Anodization of Aluminum, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 3, March 2013 1 ISSN 2250-3153
[3] RavikumarMourya, AmitShelke, SourabhSatpute, SushantKakade, ManojBotre ,Design and Implementation of Pick and Place Robotic Arm, International Journal of Recent Research in Civil and Mechanical Engineering (IJRRCME) Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp: (232-240), ISSN 2393-8471
[4] Sami AbualnounAjeel, RustamPuteh, YaqoobMuhsin Baker, Experimental Study Of Anodizing Process For Stainless Steel Type 304" Wulfenia Journal ISSN: 1561-882X Vol 20, No. 3;Mar 2013
[5] Li,a,* ZhiweiShi,b and ChangxiongZhua,* "Trends in Research on Electrochemical Oxidation" CroaticaChemicaActaCcacaa, ISSN 0011-1643, e-ISSN 1334-417X Croat. Chem. Acta 87 (2) 185–194 Hongna, (2014)

Abstract: The conventional dumping mechanism trolley/dumper has been comprehended by detecting the difficulty in unloading the materials. The study in this regards in several automobile garages, revealed the facts that mostly some difficult methods were accepted in unloading the materials from the trailer. This paper has mainly focused on above difficulty. Hence a prototype of suitable arrangement has been designed. The vehicles can be unloaded from the trailer in three axes without application of any impact force...........

Keywords: Trolley, Chassis, Base, Hydraulic Cylinder, Locker, Pin, Groove & Bearing

[1]. AmbojiSudhakar, R., Humane Yogesh, A., ChavanRohan, R., PatilJyotsna, C., &KshirsagarPrashant, R. (2014). Design and Fabrication of Three Way Tipper Mechanism.International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 2(4).
[2]. Shinde, G., Tawele, P., &Raut, L. (2014). Design and development of 3-way dropping dumper.Int. J. Emerging Tech. and Adv. Engg, 4(9), 766-775.
[3]. Prasath, N. E., Shanmugam, S., Sundaram, C. M., &VembathuRajesh, A. DEVELOPMENT OF THREE AXES LIFTING MODERN TRAILER.
[4]. Borikar, S. A., Karkade, H. V., &Pokley, P. G. (2012). Development, Testing and Monitoring of the Movement of Three Directional Tipper Mechanism.International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 158.
[5]. Gaikwad, H. A., &Awate, N. P. Design of Multiside Tipper Tilting Mechanism

Abstract: Cold Spray(CS) is a relatively recent spray technology which falls under the larger family of thermal sprayprocesses [1], and there are different approaches known by different names such as: Cold Gas Dynamic Spraying, Kinetic Spraying, High Velocity Particle Consolidation (HVPC), High Velocity Powder Deposition and Supersonic Particle/Powder Deposition (SPD). The basic principle of the cold spray process is very simple: A highvelocity (300 to 1200 m/s) gas jet, formed using a deLaval or similar converging/diverging nozzle, is used to accelerate powder particles (1 to 50 μm) and spray them onto a substrate, located approximately 25 mm from the exit of the nozzle where they impact and form a coating..............

Keywords: Cold spray, Thermal spray, Supersonic gas

[1]. Cold spray technology: future of coating deposition processes byHarminder Singh Guru Nanak Dev University, Regional Campus, Jalandhar, Punjab-144007, India,T.S. SidhuShaheedBhagat Singh College of Engg. & Tech., Ferozepur, Punjab, India,S.B.S. KalsiAmritsar College of Engineering & Technology, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
[2]. Corrosion Protection of Magnesium Alloys by Cold Spray byJulioVillafuerte and WenyueZheng,CenterLine (Windsor) Ltd., Windsor, Ontario 2CANMET-MTL, Hamilton, Ontario Canada.
[3]. Application of Aluminium coating for the corrosion protection of magnesium by cold spray by Brian DeForce, Tim Eden, and John Potter Applied Research Laboratory , The Pennsylvania State University.
[4]. Low Pressure Cold Spray: Damian Wilmot, RankoTodorovic,BenjaminHoiland(Alion Science and Technology,Grand Forks, ND).
[5]. B. DeForce, T. Eden, J. Potter, Application of Aluminum Coatings for the Corrosion Protection of Magnesium by Cold Spray, ARL report, 2008

Abstract: This paper attempts to acquire the FEA implementation for analysis and design optimization of C Frame of 100 tonHydraulic Press Machine. Availability of limited resources for profit oriented manufacturing industries forces optimum use of available overall resources with a basic intention of cost saving approach. Design of a hydraulic press structure is of prime importance keeping in mind the design parameters and performance indicators and their relationship with proper knowledge of existing working conditions and application of load. By FEA implementation, attempts are being made to reduce the thickness of the plates for the C frame structure in order to save the material and its cost.

Keywords: C Frame, Hydraulic press, stiffness, Finite element method.

[1]. MalachySumaila and AkiiOkonigbonAkaehomenIbhadode,"Design and Manufacture of a 30 ton Hydraulic Press", AU J.T.14 (3): 196-200 (January 2011).
[2]. A. G. Naik, N.K. Mandavgade, "FEA Implementation in Analysis and Optimization of Top and Bottom Frame for Hydraulic
[3]. Cotton Lint Bailing Press", ISSN-2229-5518, Volume 3, Issue 7, July-2012.
[4]. "Design and Analysis of Frame of 63 Ton Power Press Machine by using Finite Element Method" by H N. Chauhan and M
[5]. P. Bambhania, ISSN-2249-555X,Volume 3, Issue 7, July 2013.

Abstract: Plates with spot welded stiffeners are widely used in automotive and many other industries to reduce vibration. The objective of this investigation is to study the effect of design of spot weld and design of stiffeners on characteristics of plates under compression loading conditions. In this study, a methodology proposed to study design of spot welded structures, considering design of spot weld and design of stiffeners at loading conditions..............

Keywords: Stiffener, Structures

[1]. HessamoddinMoshayedi, IradjSattari-Far, "Numerical and experimental study of nugget size growth in resistance spot welding of austenitic stainless steels" Journal of Materials Processing Technology,212 (2012) 347– 354.
[2]. Ahmet H. Ertas, Fazil O. Sonmez, 2011, "Design optimization of spot-welded plates for maximum fatigue life", Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 47, p.p 413–423.
[3]. Soo-Won Chae, Ki-Youn Kwon, Tae-Soo Lee, 2002,"An optimal design system for spot welding locations", Finite Elements in Analysis and Design ,38, p.p. 277–294.
[4]. MatteoPalmonella, Machael I. Frisswell, Arthur W. Lees., 2004,"Guidelines for the implementation of the C-WELD and ACM-2 spot weld model in structural dynamics", Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 41, p.p193-210.
[5]. BiswajitTripathy, SrinivasanSuryanarayan, 2009, "Analytical studies for buckling and vibration of weld-bonded beam shells of rectangular cross-section", International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 51, p.p 77–88.

Abstract: The paper presents results of research on the influence of tempering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of EN-24 steel. Tempering of the investigated steel was carried out at the temperatures of 5800C, 6100C, 650 0C. After tempering the cast steels were characterized by a structure of tempered lower bainite with numerous precipitations of carbides. Performed research of mechanical properties has shown that high temperatures of tempering do not cause decrease of mechanical properties beneath the required minimum. The investigation also reveals that the hardened samples give the highest hardness and strength values while highest hardness and strength values for the tempered samples was obtained at temperature of 580°C. So 580°C was found to be an optimum temperature for well balanced mechanical properties of EN -24 steel.

Keywords: Heat Treatment, tempering temperature, Mechanical Properties, martensite , EN-24 steel

[1]. Robert o. Ritchie, Benjamin francis, and William l. server, "Evaluation of Toughness in AISI 4340 Alloy Steel Austenitized at Low and High Temperatures".Vol.7A,June 1976.
[2]. Gurumurthy B M, Shivaprakash Y M., Gowri Shankar M C , S.S Sharma, AchuthaKini, " Comparative studies on mechanical properties of AISI4340 High –strength alloy steel under time-quenched and austempered conditions ". IJRET, Vol.04,Issue;02/Feb 2015.
[3]. Woei-Shyan Lee *, Tzay-Tian Su, Department of Mechanical Engineering,."Mechanical properties and microstructural features of AISI 4340high-strength alloy steel under quenched and tempered conditions". National Cheng Kung Uni6ersity, Tainan 701, Taiwan Received 29 August 1997.
[4]. Rajesh k. khatirkar, Prashantyadav and Sanjay g. sapate, "Structural and Wear Characterization of Heat Treated En24 Steel". ISIJ Internationl ,Vol.52(2012),no.7 March 2012,pp.1370-1376

Abstract: The main effort of this work is to provide a concrete accuracy and precision to any vehicle using less expensive components which are reliable and consistent.The foremost purpose of this work is to determine if the recently offered Hall Effect current sensors could provide better performance than the existing ones, so that it could be substituted for deriving performance and cost benefits. The idea proposes the use of components and devices like Microcontrollers (e.g. Arduino), Hall Effect Sensor, Audio schemes and LED's which are cost effective. They are easily available in Indian Market. The principle of magnetic field detection by the Hall Effect sensor has been extensively used..............

Keywords: Accuracy, Auditory, Extensive, Microcontroller, Reliability.

[1]. Ljubomir A Kojovic, "Comparative Performance Characteristics of Current Transformers and Non-Conventional Current Sensors", 20th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Prague, June 2009.
[2]. Jeffrey D. Bull, Nicolas A. F. Jaeger, and FarnooshRahmatian, "A New Hybrid Current Sensor for High-Voltage Applications", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, January 2005, Vol. 20, No.1.
[3]. D. C. Erickson, "The use of fiber optics for communications, measurement and control within high voltage substations," IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst., 26 February 2007, ISSN: 0018-9510, pages: 1057 – 1065.\
[4]. Quentin L. Willard, Austin M. Bartlett, Louis S. Harrington, and Jason C. McKay, Ernest Y. Wong, "A Systems Approach to Autonomous Space Exploration", IEEE, EISBN: 978-1-4244-1286-0, April 2007, pages 1-5.

Abstract: The main effort of this work is to provide a concrete security to any computing device using biometric locks. The idea proposes the use of components and devices like Microcontrollers (e.g. Arduino), Fingerprint Sensor and Relay which are cost effective. They are easily available in Indian Market. The principle of flow of power supply has been extensively used to make sure that the motherboard of the system does not receive any power supply which delivers the system an extremely rigid security and provides a safety factor for the avoidance of being attacked. The system has been designed in such a way that the reliability is not compromised in any kind of fake authentication. The components are arranged in such a way that the circuit should work in the most efficient manner and provide optimum performance.

Keywords: Biometric, Fingerprint, Microcontroller, Reliability, Security.

[1] Prof. Ravi Subban and Prof. Dattatreya P. Mankame "A Study of Biometric Approach Using Fingerprint Recognition",Lectures on Software Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, May 2013.
[2] Pablo David Gutiérrez, Miguel Lastra, Francisco Herrera, and José Manuel Benítez"A High Performance Fingerprint Matching System for Large Databases Based on GPU",IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY, VOL. 9, NO. 1, JANUARY 2014.

Abstract: Military community is redefining the way wars will be fought in the future, evolving towards a Network – Centric Warfare (NCW) paradigm, where force is increasingly realized through the communication network & information sharing, which should be provided to the centralized Global Information Grid. MANET [Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks] technology is attractive, as it would enable the creation of wireless sensor network (WSN) on demand as the need arises. Wireless sensor nodes have a limited amount of energy for its operation generally depends on the power of their own battery. MANET topology varies in time, depending on the position of the nodes, and their on or off status................

Keywords: ASEP, Clustering, Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Networks, LEACH, MANET, NCW, Network Lifetime, SEP, Wireless Sensor Network.

[1]. J. Pan, L. Cai, Y. T. Hou, Y. Shi, and S. X. Shen. Optimal base-station locations in two-tiered wireless sensor networks,IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (TMC), 4(5):458–473,2005.
[2]. Rajesh Patel, Sunil Pariyani, Vijay Ukani, Energy and Throughput Analysis of Hierarchical Routing Protocol (LEACH) for Wireless Sensor Network in International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 20– No.4,April 2011.
[3]. Jack L. Burbank, Philip F. Chimento, Brian K. Haberman and William T. Kasch "Key Challenges of Military Tactical Networking and the Elusive Promise of MANET Technology‟,In IEEE Communication Magazine,November 2006.
[4]. Seung Yi, Jeff Meegan, and Jae H. Kim."NETWORK AUTOCONFIGURATION FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS‟.1-4244-1513-06/07/ ©IEEE.2007.

Abstract: In this paper the idea of Interferential current therapy is discussed.Interferential current therapy is an effective therapy option used by many physiotherapy clinics to relieve pain and accelerate the self-healing process, getting your body back to a healthy, pain free state. This therapy uses two medium frequency currents, passed through the tissues simultaneously, where they are set up so that their paths cross and they interfere with each other. This interaction gives rise to an interference current (beat frequency) which has the characteristics of low frequency stimulation..This low frequency helps pain relief.

Keywords: Electrodes, IFC, IFT.

[1]. Warden, SJ "A new direction for ultrasound therapy in sports medicine", Sports Med., 33(2), 95-1, 2003.
[2]. Wilkin LD, Merrick MA, Kirby TE, Devor ST. "Influence of therapeutic ultrasound on skeletal muscle regeneration following blunt contusion", Int J Sports Med.2004 Jan; 25(1):73-7
[3]. Stuart J. Warden, BPhysio (Hons), PhD, Keith G. Avin, MS, Erin M.Beck, PTA, Marie E. DeWolf, ATC, Molly A. Hagemeier, and Kristin M. Martin "Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Accelerates and a Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Delays Knee Ligament Healing", The American Journal of Sports Medicine,Vol. 34, No. 7,2006