Volume-5 ~ Issue-5

Abstract: Recently in this laboratory the viscometric measurement of 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl]-4-hydroxy piperidin-1-yl]-N, N-dimethyl-2, 2-diphenylbutanamide[CPHDD] and (2S, 6R)-7-chloro -2, 4, 6-trimethoxy-6'-methyl-3H, 4'H-spiro[1-benzofuran 2, 1'-] cychohex-2-ene]-3,4'-dione[CTMBCD] were carried out at different percentage compositions of solvent to investigate the solute-solvent interactions of drugs with solvent and the effect of dilution of the solvent. The effects of various substituents were also investigated. The results obtained during this investigation gave detail information about pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these drugs. Keywords: 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl]-4-hydroxy piperidin-1-yl]-N, N-dimethyl-2, 2-diphenylbutanamide[CPHDD] and (2S, 6R)-7-chloro -2, 4, 6-trimethoxy-6'-methyl-3H, 4'H-spiro[1-benzofuran 2, 1'-] cychohex-2-ene]-3,4'-dione[CTMBCD] ethanol-water mixture, viscometric measurements, etc.

[1]. Solanki A. and Thakur I., Indian Journal of Chemistry, 45B, 517, (2007).
[2]. Saleem F., Eur. Pot.,CHAPPL, 87, 19, (2008).
[3]. B.B. Baldaniya and P.K.Patel, E-Journal of Chemistry, 6(3), 673-680, (2009).
[4]. B.M.Awad, H.A.Saad, E.M.Nassar, E.M.Azamy, Journal of American Sciences, 9(6), 566-577, (2013).
[5]. K.Salat, A.Wieckowska, K.Wieckowski, G.C.Hofner, J.Kaminski, K.T.Wanner, B.Malawska, B.Filipek, K.Kulig, Pharmacological Reports, 64, 817-833,(2012).
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[7]. D.M.Tigellar, A.E.Palker, C.M.Jackson, K.M.Anderson, J.W.Ight and R.F.Savinell, Macromolecules, 42(06), 1888, (2009).

[8]. J. Singh, T. Kaur, V. Ali and D.S. Gill, J. Chem. Soc, Faraday Tram., 90(4), 579, (1994).

[9]. H.K. Semwal, S.C. Bhatt and B.S. Semwal, J. Pure Appl. Ultrason., 25, 6, (2003).

[10]. A. Pal and S. Kumar, J. Indian Chem. See., 81, 1019, (2004).

Abstract: Triterpenes named as Lupeol, Myricadiol, -sitosterol along with two carboxylic acids named as Tetracosonid and Ursolic acid, have been isolated from leaves of Caryota Urens. Their structures were elucidated by chemical and physical data (IR, UV, 1H-NMR, and Mass spectra).

Keywords: Caryota Urens; triterpenes, carboxylic acids

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Abstract: In this case study, factor analysis was applied for evaluation of temporal/spatial variations in the groundwater quality of Aravakurichi block, Karur district, Tamil Nadu, India. This statistical technique was employed for the better interpretation of large complex water quality data set obtained from twenty five groundwater locations in four seasons during the year 2012. The water samples were characterized for the physico-chemical parameters such as pH, total alkalinity, electrical conductivity, total hardness, calcium ions, magnesium ions, total dissolved solids, fluorides, chlorides and sulphates. Factor analysis indicated four factors initially and when rotation of the factor axis was executed, it yielded two factors with clear indication of high loadings for some variable and low loadings for others, facilitating data interpretation in terms of original variables. Overall, this case study demonstrated the effectiveness of factor analysis to identify marker variables for assessing the chemistry of groundwater besides earmarking representative sampling stations to undertake suitable water quality management in a shortest possible time.

Key words: factor analysis, varimax rotation, eigen value, factor score, marker

[1] M. Vasanthavigar, K. Srinivasamoorthy, K. Vijavaraghavan, R. Rajiv Ganthi, S. Chidambaram, P. Anandhan, R. Manivannan, and S. Vasudevan, Application of water quality index for groundwater quality assessment: Thirumanimuttar sub-basin, Tamil Nadu, India, Environ Monit Assess, 2010, 121-132.

[2] J.M. Ishaku, Assessment of groundwater quality index for Jimeta -Yola area, Northeastern Nigeria. Journal of Geology and Mining Research, 3(9), 2011, 219-231.

[3] C. Coletti, R. Testezlaf, A.P. Tulio, P. Ribeiro, T. Renata, G. de Souza, and D. de A. Pereira, Water quality index using multivariate factorial analysis, R. Bras. Eng. Agric. Ambiental, 14, 2010, 517-522.

[4] APHA, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (American Water Works Association, Washington DC, 1985).

[5] S. Yu, J. Shang, and J. Zhao, Factor analysis and dynamics of water quality of the Songhua River Northeast China. Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 144, 2003, 159 – 169.

[6] A.K. Gupta, S.K. Gupta, and R.S. Patil, Statistical analyses of coastal water quality for a port and harbour region in India. Environ Monit. Assess., 2005, 179-200.

[7] WHO, Guidelines for drinking water quality (Vol. I) - Recommendations (World Health Organization, Geneva, 2010).

[8] H. Boyacioglu, H. Boyacioglu, and O. Gunduz, Application of factor analysis in the assessment of surface water quality in Buyank Menderes river basin, European Water, 2005, 43-49.

Abstract: A rapid, simple and specific method for estimation of Mefenamic acid in human plasma was validated using Indomethacin as internal standard. The analyte and internal standard were extracted from plasma using simple solid phase extraction. The compound were separated on a reverse-phase column with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of 2 mM Ammonium Acetate in Water and acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) and detected by tandem mass spectrometry in negative ion mode. The ion transition recorded in multiple reaction monitoring mode were m/z 240.1 196.0 for Mefenamic acid and m/z 356.1312.0 for internal standard. Linearity in plasma was observed over the concentration range 35.000 – 7000.000 ng/mL for Mefenamic acid. The cv of the assay was 4.89 % to 5.98 % and accuracy was 99.36 to 102.20 % Intra and Interday respectively at LLOQ level. The validated method was applied to bioequivalence study of 250 mg Mefenamic acid in 28 healthy human volunteers. Total 50 samples from individual volunteers identified as Haemolyzed which were analyze initial and repeat again to cross check the method reproducibity for Haeamolysis effect and compared which found acceptable range.

Keywords : Mefenamic acid; Indomethacin; LC-MS-MS; human plasma

[1] Mahadeo Mahadik, Sunil Dhaneshwar, Ravindra Bhavsar. a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of Mefenamic acid in human plasma: application to pharmacokinetic study. Journal of biomedical chromatography. 2012 oct; 26(10):1137-42

[2] Shabana Naz , Agha Zeeshan Mirza, Hina Shamshad Shah, Nighat Shafi, Malik Asia Naz: Medicinal Chemistry Research, Physical and chemical characterization of Mefenamic acid in different pharmaceutical dosage forms and their stability studies using novel RP-HPLC method November 2012, Volume 21, Issue 11, pp 3591-3597

[3] Niopas I, Mamzoridi K, Determination of Indomethacin and Mefenamic acid in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography B Biomed Appl. 1994 Jun 17; 656(2):447-50.

[4] China Paper, Posted on January 7, 2010 Pharmacokinetic and Bioequivalent Study of Mefenamic Acid Dispersible Tablets in the Health

[5] http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=8861 access on 02 February 2013y Volunteers
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[7] Rawashdeh NM, Najib NM, Jalal IM. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Theory Comparative bioavailability of two capsule formulations of Mefenamic acid, 1997 Aug;35(8):329-33
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[9] Guidance for Industry, Bioanalytical Method Validation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM), May 2001, BP

Abstract: Eleven (11) composites, are unfilled and five each filled with varying contents of charcoal and wood dust separating bonded with melted spent thermoplastics have been compounded and their compressive strength, density, specific gravity, percentage shrinkage and percentage absorption determined.Composite density ranges (0.83-0.94)g/cm3, compressive strength from (6.92-16.14)n/mm2, percentage shrinkage from (1.01-4.76)% and percentage water absorption from (1.75-15.75)%. These results suggest that these composites (i) meet the allowable American standard for test and measurement (ASTM) for ceramic floor and wall tiles in compressor strength (0.2-22.1)minimum, % shrinkage (maximum 15%) and water absorption (maximum 16%) (ii)are appreciably strong compare to the gmelina-wood/cement composite and (iii) if comprehensively examined, composites may be useful in the building industry for the manufacture of tiles and boards and even compete favorably with the wood cement composites.

Keywords: Compressive strength, % shrinkage, % absorption, thermoplastic,tiles.

[1]. Oyagbade, A.O. (1997): Wood-cement composites sheet element for the building construction industries in Nigeria. The Journal of Techno-science; l(1): 4, 21-30
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Abstract: The effects of garlic additive and part replacement of sulphur in the conventional curative systems (mercapto benzothiazole-sulphur) MBT/S, (cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulphenamide-sulphur) CBS/S, and semi- EV on the mechanical and cure properties of natural rubber compound have been studied. Results show that the addition of garlic powder at content less than or equal to 6pphr to the conventional MBT/S mix improves the tensile strength of natural rubber compound. Part replacement of sulphur with garlic powder in the conventional MBT/S system up to 2ppr also enhances the tensile strength of the compound of natural rubber. MBT/S systems in which sulphur has been replaced with garlic up to a level of 1.5pphr show comparable reversion resistance, cure rate index and scorch resistance to the conventional MBT/S systems containing less or equal to 6ppr garlic

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Abstract:The bleaching chemistry indicates that pH affects the effectiveness of chlorine dioxide treatment and the standard recommendations has been to maintain a final stage pH range for brightening with chlorine dioxide between 3.5 and 4.0. But we used 16% & 17% TAA cooked Clone EH2013 of kappa number 18.7 & 17.4 without Oxygen Delignification (ODL), were bleached in Acidic and Alkaline pH initial chlorine dioxide (DO) stage, followed by Caustic reinforced Hydrogen peroxide (Ep) and final Chlorine dioxide (D1) stage of bleaching. At constant bleaching condition both EH2013 pulps show these alkaline pH bleaching methods can improve the pulp bleachability without affecting pulp strength properties, optical properties, and physical properties and improved effluent characteristics. The Alkaline pH bleached pulp final brightness 85.7 %ISO (16% TAA) and 86.5%ISO (17% TAA) are well compared to Acidic pH final brightness 83.4 %ISO (16% TAA) and 84.4%ISO (17% TAA) initial chlorine dioxide bleaching and followed by extraction reinforced Hydrogen peroxide and final Chlorine dioxide bleaching. The fiber length, width and curl index of Acidic and Alkaline pH bleached pulp has not shown any distinct variation, but alkaline pH bleached pulp has shown slightly higher than Acidic pH bleached Pulp. Both 16&17% TAA cooked pulps filtrate analysis of the Alkaline pH Do stage, shows lower Colour (14.6 & 15.4%), Total Dissolved Solids (10.7 & 17.9%) and COD (14.2 & 18.0%) than Acidic pH Do bleaching filtrate. Based on results from the Acidic and Alkaline pH bleaching of EH2013 pulp , we found that the optimum pH for initial Do and final D1 chlorine dioxide bleaching stage should be operated with a final pH close to alkaline, when a typical chlorine dioxide charge is applied and its effluent characteristics shows lesser inorganic load when compared to acidic effluent .

Keywords: alkaline bleaching, acidic bleaching, clone EH, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Fiber length.

[1]. Axegard, P., "Improvement of Bleach Plant Effluent by Cutting Back on C12." Pulp and Paper Canada, Vol.90, 1989, pp. 78-81.
[2]. Carruthers, George. , In the Paper Making. Garden City Press Coop., Toronto, 1947, p.712.
[3]. Hart, P.W., The Chemical Versus energy tug of war: a Pulp mill perspective.TAPPIJ, 10 (7), pp. 37 -42, 2011
[4]. 10. Camilla Asplund., Ulf Germgard., (1991). Bleaching of Eucalypt karft Pulp. Part 3, APPITA, 44 (2), pp, 95 – 99.
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Abstract: In developed countries aseptic delivery techniques, hygienic cord care and prompt antimicrobial therapy have decreased the occurrence as well as the severity of Omphalitis. However, the condition remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing country. The objective is the risk factors, clinical and bacteriological profile of neonates with Omphalitis in Iraq. Regarding the patients sixty-four neonatal Omphalitis admitted at the Neonatal Intensive Care Units of Children Welfare Teaching Hospital and Neonatal Intensive Care Units of Al-elwya Teaching Hospital in Baghdad Iraq, during 8 months from October 2011 to May 2012. The risk factors and clinical, bacteriologic and relevant investigational profiles and outcomes were studied in neonates with Omphalitis. For the study purpose Omphalitis was classified into four categories based on severity. The result was show that the incidence of Omphalitis was higher in home births and in neonates with low birth weight. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen isolated from umbilical swabs followed by Escherichia coli. Regarding conclusion low birth weight and home delivery are considered as risk factors for Omphalitis in Iraq. The treatment should be received for Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganism because of the predominance of Gram-negative microorganisms in neonatal infant with Omphalitis.

Keywords: Neonates, Omphalitis, Risk Factors, Newborn infection, Umbilical culture.

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Abstract: 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-8-(p-methylphenylazo)coumarin (L1) and 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-8-(p-methoxyphenylazo)coumarin (L2) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and mass spectra. The important infrared (IR) spectral bands corresponding to the active groups in the two ligands and the solid complexes under investigation were studied. Also the important fragments in the ligands and complexes were done using mass spectra and the main peaks were corresponding to the molecular weights of the ligands and complexes. The solid complexes have been synthesized and characterized by elemental and thermal analyses (TG and DTA) as well as by IR, 1H NMR, magnetic measurements, electronic transition, molar conductance, mass and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra. The proposed steriochemical structures for the investigated metal complexes suggest octahedral geometry with respect to Mn, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn divalent metal ions with the investigated ligands 1:1 and 1:2 complexes and all of the formed complexes contain coordinated and hydrated water molecules. All of the prepared solid complexes behave as non-electrolytes in chloroform.

Keywords: Azocoumarins; Complexes; Spectroscopic; Thermal analysis; conductance

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Abstract: Background :-Breast cancer is responsible for the death of millions of women worldwide every year. It is widespread in the world and Iraq that become a genuine problem for public health. The etiology of the disease is unknown. Genetic and hormonal factors are involved in the development of breast cancer and progression of the disease. Insulin like growth factor-ӏ (IGF-ӏ) have been implicated as essential in controlling cellular differentiation and tissue regeneration, through mitogenic , anti-apoptotic and increases cell migration so IGF-ӏpromotetumorigenesis.

Keywords: Insulin like growth factor - ӏ , Insulin, Estrogen, Breast cancer

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Abstract: Postmenopausal status is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis. Several studies have reported that heavy metals, including lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic, have harmful effects on bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of heavy metals, including Cadmium and Lead on osteoporosis in postmenopausal Iraqi women. This prospective study included a total of 70 postmenopausal women divided as 40patients with osteoporosis compared to 30 apparently healthy women as controls during 2011. Serum levels of Cadmium and Lead were measured using atomic absorption while serum Calcium, Phosphorus and Alkaline phosphatase were measured by spectrophotometry.The results showed that there was no significant difference between patients and controls regarding age, Body Mass Index, Calcium, Phosphorous, and Alkaline phosphatase. Serum levels of Cadmium and Lead were higher in patients compared to controls, p < 0.001 and p< 0.01 respectively. It is concluded that increased serum levels of cadmium and lead maybe associated with higher risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Keywords: cadmium, lead, obesity, osteoporosis, postmenaopause

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