Volume-5 ~ Issue-2

Abstract: The dehulled seeds of three varieties of Lagenaria siceraria were subjected to control fermentation process. The fermented and unfermented seeds were analysed for their nutritional and anti-nutritional compositions using AOAC 1998. The fermented seeds were found to contain high amount of crude protein (48.12%) and crude fibre (4.11%) compared to 27.42% and 0.67% for unfermented seeds respectively. Similarly, crude lipid content of the seeds decreased by about 75%. The process also results in decrease in phytate, oxalate, tannins and cyanide content with consequent increase in nitrate and Vitamin C. Hence fermenting the seeds is an important way of exposing its protein content and reducing the antinutritional content. The seeds were found to have good potentials for preparation of condiments which are commonly used in the preparation of soup.

Key words: Anti-nutritional, fermentation, Lagenaria, seed, nutritional

[1]. Decker-Walter, D.S.; Wilkins-Ellert, S.M.; Staub, J.E. (2004). Discovery and genetic assessment of wild bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standley, Cucurbitaceae] from Zimbabwe. Econ. Bot., 58: 501-508.
[2]. Tsieri, M.M., Niamayoua, R.K., Mampouya, D., Silou, T.H., Tremolieres, A., Haron, S. and Tchapla, A. (2008): Comparative Study of Fatty Acid and Triglycerides of Luffa cylindrical Versus Cucurbitaceae Seeds Consumed in Congo Brazzaville. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition,7 (6): 733-740.
[3]. Hassan, L.G., Sani, N.A., Dangoggo, S.M. and Ladan, M.J. (2008): Nutitional Value of Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) Seed, Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences,14(3): 301-306.
[4]. Fadahunsi, I.F. and Sanni, A.I. (2010): Chemical and Biochemical Changes in Bambara Nut During Fermentation to "Tempeh‟. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 9(2):275-283.
[5]. Odebunmi, E.O., Oluwaniyi, O.O. and Bashiru, M.O. (2010): Comparative Proximate Analysis of Some Food Condiments. Journal of Applied Science Research, 6(3):272-274.
[6]. AOAC, (1998): Official Methods of Analysis, 16th edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC.
[7]. Young, S.M. and Greaves, J.S. (1940): Influence of Variety and Treatment of Phytic Acid Content of Wheat, Food Reseach,5:103-105
[8]. Day, R.A, and Underwood, A.L. (1986). Quantitative Analysis. 5th ed. Prentice- Hall Publication.
[9]. Allen, E.S., Grimshaw, H.M., Parkinson, J.A. and Quarmby, C. (1974). Chemical Analysis of Ecological Materials. Blackwell Scientific Publication, London.
[10]. IITA (1988). Selected methods for soil and plant analysis (Manual series No.1).International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria, pp. 55 – 56.

Abstract: Conducting polymers are known to have significant electrical properties which can be improved by strong oxidizing power of oxidizing agents like V2O5. In the current study oxidative polymerization of the thiophene monomers was done to obtain Polythiophene for converting it into its composites with V2O5 to study their improved electrical nature. The electrical properties of pure Polythiophene, pure V2O5, PTh- V2O5 composite 1:2 (thiophene: V2O5) and PTh- V2O5 composite 2:1(thiophene: V2O5) were studied by carrying out current voltage measurements. It can be stated that the increased concentration of V2O5 is responsible for the increased current flow through the polymer matrix. The study is explained on the basis of fact that oxidizing power leads to removal of higher number of charge carriers from the backbone thereby causing increases in current flow. Such conducting polymers have wide range of applications in the field of Metal ions detectors, molecular electronics, conductive adhesive, electrical displays, electromagnetic shields, chemical, biochemical and thermal sensors, rechargeable batteries, solid electrolytes, optical computers and ion exchange membrane.

Keywords : Composites, Conducting polymers, Polymer matrix, Polythiophene, Thiophene

[1] Y. Min. and A. G. MacDiarmid, Polym. Prep., 35, 1994, 231

[2] Kowsar Majid, M.L.Singla, J mater Sci: Mater Electron DOI 10 .1007/s10854-008-98178

[3] J. M. Xu, H. S. O. Chan, S. C. Ng, T. S. Chung, Synthetic metals,132, 2002, 63-69

[4] C. Visy, J. Lukkari, J. Kankare, Synthetic Metals, 87, 1997, 81

[5] Prakash R Somani, R. Marimuthu, A. B. Mandale, Synthetic Metals, 42, 2007, 991-3001

[6] M. Lanzi et al, Synthetic Metals, 157, 2007, 719-725

[7] P. Somani et al. Synthetic Metals, 42, 2008, 291-301

Abstract:This research comprises of six alternative agents ((NH4)2C2O4, liquid NH3, CH3COOH, NH4OH, (COOH) 2, CH3CH2OH) at various concentrations of 1-5% used as scouring agents with NaOH as control on cotton/polyester blend fabric. The samples were bleached, mercerized and dyed. The suitability and reliability of the agents were evaluated for dyeing properties of the treated fabric. Water imbibing properties of the treated fabric, was investigated. The experimental results showed that the percentage exhaustion of indigo dye on the treated fabric were wonderful with values far above average (86.8-62.6%) except for 1% (NH4)2C2O4 that recorded slightly below average (49.7%). 2% liquid NH3 ranked the highest. The wash fastness is another interesting results where only 1-5% liquid NH3, 2% and 4% (NH4)2C2O4 that gave a grey scale rating for wash fastness of 4 (very good). The other alternative agents strongly competed at various concentrations with the control which revealed a rating of 5 (excellent wash fastness). 4% (NH4)2C2O4 scoured fabrics recorded the highest water of imbibitions (2.9 g). This implies that the alternative agents are suitable and reliable as impurity-removing (scouring) agents. The alternative agents improved the dyeing and water imbibing properties of the treated fabric far better than the control. Therefore could be employed in the textile industry.

Keywords: alternative scouring agents, percentage exhaustion, reliable, suitable, wash fastness, water of imbibitions.

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[10] D.E.A.Boryo, K.A, Bello, A.Q.Ibrahim, A.I, F.I Ezeribe Omizegba. and P.U. Offodile. Effect of alternative scouring agents on mechanical properties of cotton/polyester blend fabric. Paper presented at annual technical conference/agm of Polymer Institute Of Nigeria at best western Homeville Hotel, Evbuowman street off Sapele road, Etete. Benin city, 2012

Abstract:The study was carried out to assess surface and ground water quality of the (Arang block) in Raipur districts. The study area is situated between latitude 21.195 and longitude 81.967. Detailed survey by random samples was collected 8 different sites in Arang block and was analyzed for different Physico-Chemical parameters pH, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, hardness and chloride. The results were compared with BIS .By observing the result it can be concluded that the parameters which were taken for study the water quality are below the pollution level for ground as well as surface water which satisfy the requirement for the use of various purposes like domestic, agricultural, industrial etc.

Key words: Post monsoon, Ground water , Surface water , Physico-Chemical parameter, Raipur Districts.

[1]. Basavaraja Simpi, S.M. Hiremath, KNS Murthy; Analysis of Water Quality Using Physico-Chemical Parameter Hosahalli Tank in Shimoga District, Karnataka,India Global journal of Science Frontier Research,11(3). (2011).
[2]. S. Julie Ranee and S. Vasantha; Physico-Chemical analysis of bore well water samples of anaiyur area in Madurai district, Tamilnadu, INDIA J. Curr. Sci. 15 (2) : 403-408 (2010).
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[7]. Petrus R. and Warchol J. K., Heavy metal removal by clinoptilolite. An equilibrium study in multi-component systems, Water Res., 39,819-830 (2005).
[8]. Elizabeth K. M. and Premnath Naik L, Effect of polluted water On human health Poll. res., 24(2), 337-340, (2005).
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Abstract: The actual positions of H and He in modern periodic table can be determined according to their dual characteristics (electro-positive and electro-negative) and final electronic configuration respectively. It is seen that a new group for H and two sub-groups of 0-group (zero group) for He in periodic table are needed in this respect.

Keywords: Modern Periodic Law, Chemical Behaviours of H, Electronic Configuration of He, Opinions.

[1] Primo Levi, The Periodic Table, Schoken Books (1984).

[2] Adrian Dingle, The Periodic Table: Elements with Style, Kingfisher Publications (UK) & Macmillan (US) (2007).

[3] Eric R. Scerri, The Periodic Table: Its Story and Its Significance, Oxford University Press (2006).

Abstract: Inhibition efficiency of acid extract of dry Musa acuminata bract as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1N hydrochloric acid was investigated in the present study. Experimental methods include weight loss, polarization and surface analysis studies. The inhibition efficiency increased with increase in inhibitor concentration and decreased with temperature suggesting the occurrence of physical adsorption. Potentiodynamic polarization curves reveal that inhibitor perform as a mixed type of inhibitor. The electrochemical impedance study showed a decrease in double layer capacitance as the adsorption of inhibitor lead to structural change at electrode-solution interface thereby controlling the mild steel dissolution by charge transfer mechanism. The mild steel surface in the absence and presence of the inhibitor was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adsorption isotherms were tested and the experimental data fit well with the Langmuir adsorption. Corrosion inhibitor has efficiency as high as 94.93% at 2% v/v inhibitor concentration. Inhibition mechanism can be attributed to the adsorption of phytochemical compounds of the bract extract on the surface of the mild steel.

Keywords: Bract extract, Hydrochloric acid, Langmuir adsorption, Mild steel, Musa acuminata.

[1] Rajnarayan, An introduction to metallic corrosion and its prevention (Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1988). [2] N. Perez, Electrochemistry and corrosion science (Springer [India] Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 2010).

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[4] V. Sumathy, S. Jothy Lachumy, Z. Zuraini and S. Sasidharan, In vitro bioactivity and phytochemcial screening of Musa Acuminata flower, Pharmacologyonline, 2, 2011, 118-127.

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[6] C.S. Alisi, C.E Nwanyanwu, C.O. Akujobi and C.O. Ibegbulem, Inhibition of dehydrogenase activity in pathogenic bacteria isolates by aqueous extracts of Musa paradisiaca (var Sapientum), African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(12), 2008, 1821-1825.

[7] Z.W. Sheng, W.H. Ma, Z.Q. Jin, Y. Bi, Z.G. Sun, H.T. Dou, J.H. Gao, Y.J. Li and L.N. Han, Investigation of dietary fibre, protein, vitamin E and other nutritional compounds of banana flower of two cultivars grown in China, African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(25), 2010, 3888-3895.

[8] K. Kitdamrongsont, Anthocyanin profiles of male bracts of wild banana species in Thailand, Madihol University, 2008.

[9] E.A. Pazmino-Duran, M.M. Giusti, R.E. Wrolstad and M.B.A. Gloria, Anthocyanins in banana bracts (Musa x paradisiaca) as potential food colorants, Food Chemistry, 73(3), 2001, 327–332.

[10] P. Pothavorn, Sap phenolic compositions in some bananas in Thialand, Mahidol University, 2008.

Abstract: Nine stable mixed ligand dithiocarbamate complexes of Nickel (II) ion were prepared. The complexes were characterized with electronic spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, conductance measurement, melting point and percentage metal analysis. Resulting analytical data gave credence to the assignment of a tentative square planar geometry to all the complexes. The complexes were proposed to have a general formulae of [Ni(Sal)(Rdtc)], where Sal = salicylaldehyde; R = dibenzylamine(Bz2NH), methylphenylamine(MePhNH),pyrrolidineamine(pyrrolNH),piperidineamine(piperNH),morpholineamine(MorpNH), anilineamine(AnilNH), para-chloroanilineamine(p-ClAnilNH), toludineamine(TolNH) and anisidineamine(AnisNH); and dtc = dithiocarbamate anion. The metal complexes were screened against six different bacteria strain using Agar diffusion method. The antibacterial studies reveal that the metal complexes exhibit broad spectrum antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella oxytoca and Pseudomonas aureginosa with inhibitory range of 10.5.—20.0mm.

Keywords: Aromatic dithiocarbamate, Salicylaldehyde, Antibacterial studies and Nickel ion.

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[5]. Rai B K, Kumar K. and Srivastava Y P. Spectroscopic investigation and anti- fungal studies of some mixed ligand complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) with 6-methyl-2-pyridylformamidesemica rbazone and thiosemicarbazone. Asian J Chem. 2005;17(3):1773-1779.
[6]. Mahapatra B. and Panda D. Anionic mixed ligand complexes of cobalt(II) and copper(II) . J Indian Chem Soc. 1986; 63:792-793.
[7]. Rai B.K., Choudhary P., Sahi P. and Rana S. Structural characterization and antifungal studies of some mixed ligand Schiff base complexes with 6-bromo-2-thio-3-phenylquinazoline- 4(3H)onethiose-micarbazone. Oriental J Chem. 2006;23:1.
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[9]. Z. F. Dawood, T. J. Mohammed and M. R. Sharif. New nickel (II) complexes with benzilbis (semicarbazone) and dithiocarbamate ligands. Proceedings of the 5th Scientific Conference, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul.Journal of Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 23, Supplement II, 2009 (135-141)
[10]. Ekennia Anthony C and Odola Adekunle J. Synthesis, physico-chemical characterization and biocidal studies of nickel (ii) mixed-ligand complexes of alkyl dithiocarbamate and salicylaldehyde.International journal of pharmaceutical, biological and chemical sciences, 2013, accepted manuscript I.d; 2040837151.

Abstract: Mr. ASHOT MIKHAYELOVICH AGABABYAN innovated a New Theory of Structure of Matter in Chemistry Branch. He negated the existing, old theory and showed about its imperfection. Because  The old theory wasn't able to calculate, i.e. it didn't give a mathematic proof.  It explained through obstruction. It was stated the covalent (polar) chemical connection is formed by clash of the electron clouds.  It wasn't able to predict. And this type of theory is considering as a matter of faith. But then it's not a scientific statement anymore. Mr. ASHOT AGABABYAN represents a New Theory of the Structure of Matter.  His theoretical calculation 100% matches with the experimental results.  The new theory allows calculating with the accuracy up to the fifth digit after a comma.  Predicts the length of the link. It has gotten a new possibility to count the inter-nucleus distance and the radius of atoms. The above represented calculations were among the first ones. In case chemistry - colleagues confirm the test results and if magazine's editors print in their magazines, then we may send them the subsequent ones.

Keywords: Atom, Inter-nucleus Distance, Stereo-metrical Chemistry, Structure of Matter.

[1] B. V. Grigoriev, "Classical Logic", 1996.
[2] P. M. Zorky, "The fundamental concepts of chemistry", 1996.

Abstract: Investigation of removal of methylene blue by nitrated biomass of Cicer arientinum is conducted in batch conditions. The effect of different parameters such as contact time, sorbent dose, pH and temperature has been studied. Adsorption kinetic modeling data were found out. The kinetics of biosorption results shows that sorption process is well explained by pseudo–second order model with determination coefficients higher than 0.99 for sorbent under all experimental conditions. The value Kp is found to be 0.652 to 2.43 for initial and final concentrations. Thermodynamic parameter via KD, ΔG has also been calculated to determine the spontaneity of the process. The low value of activation energy indicates that sorption is an activated and physical process. The Weber and Morris intraparticle diffusion model show liquid-film, mass transfer is effective sorption mechanism. Thus nitrated biomass of Cicer areintinum is a low cost and easily available efficiently used as an excellent sorbent for the removal of MB+ from wastewater. It can be safely concluded that biomass of Cicer arientinum is much economical effectual, viable and can be an alternative to more costly adsorbents. Key words: Methylene blue (MB), biosobent, adsorbent, Nitrated biomass (sorbent S-IV), Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms

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Abstract: The uptake of methylene blue by sulphonated biomass of Cicer arientinum is conducted in batch mode. The effect of parameters like contact time, sorbent dose, pH and temperature has been studied. The value Kp is found to be 0.1928 and 0.8727 for initial and final concentrations respectively. The kinetics of biosorption results indicate that sorption process follows pseudo–second order model with determination coefficients greater than 0.988 for sorbent under all experimental conditions. Thermodynamic parameter via KD, and ΔG are calculated indicates, rise in KD, negative ΔG values determine the spontaneity of the process and significantly shows that sorption process is time, temperature and concentration dependant. The adsorption obeys the Langmuir isotherm, Hall separation factor values less than unity and low value of activation energy indicate that sorption is an activated and favorable physical process. The phenomenon of sorption includes liquid-film, mass transfer mechanism is well described by Weber and Morris intraparticle diffusion model. Thus sulphonated biomass of Cicer arientinum(S-III) is a low cost and easily available good sorbent for the removal of MB+ from wastewater.

Key words: Methylene blue, biosobent, adsorbent, adsorption, Sulphonated biomass (S III)

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