Volume-4 ~ Issue-3

Abstract: Studies for determination of sulphur functional groups present in Ledo coal of Assam State of North Eastern Region of India were carried out using Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR) method. TPR studies were carried out in presence of Resorcinol and hydrogen gas to arrive at the final result. TPR studies on model sulphur compounds viz. L-Cysteine, synthetic rubber, Thiokol, having hydroxyl terminal groups, thioplast, pyrite with sand, and Garlic were carried out in order to assign various sulphur functional groups present in Ledo coal. Six numbers of hydrogen sulphide evolutions from Ledo coal were observed in the temperature range of 190 – 2200C, 260 – 2900C, 360 - 3900C, 460 – 4900C, 510 – 5400 C and 590 – 6200C corresponding to mercaptan/ disulphide (0.30), Thiol (1.70), AromaticThioether (0.50), Thiophene (0.90), pyrite + part of complex thiophene (0.60), part of complex thiophene (0.30), The thioketonic sulphur in Ledo coal is estimated to be 1.59 using controlled nitric acid oxidation experiments.

Keywords : Ledo coal, Assam coal, high sulphur coal, model sulphur compounds, TPR, desulphurization, hydro desulphurization, disulphide, Thiol Thioether, Thiophene, Thioketone.

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Abstract: Several studies have highlighted the high prevalence of low Total Testosterone (TT) and Free Testosterone (FT) in men with type 2 diabetes and demonstrated links with visceral adiposity, insulin resistance and HbA₁C. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of diabetes alone and the association of diabetes and obesity on prevalence of infertility in Iraqi male.

Keywords : Diabetes mellitus, obesity, infertility, free testosterone

[1]. K. Ramesh Babu, K. Yogesh, H.L. Raghavendra, S.M. Kantikar and K.B. Prakash: Antidiabetic and histopathological analysis of fenugreek extract on alloxan induced diabetic rat, International Journal of Drug Development & Research, 2010, 10-13.
[2]. Yadollah Harati, FACP, Diabetic Neuropathies: Unanswered Questions: Neurol Clin, 2007, 25, 303–317.
[3]. Park KS. The search for genetic risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab J 2011;35:12-22.
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Abstract: The Schiff base complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) Cu(II) and Zn(II) have been synthesized from 4- pyridine carboxaldehyde with 4-aminopyridine. They have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, molecular weight determination, IR, XRD and SEM. The metal in the Schiff base complex is hexa coordinated which binds through pyridine nitrogen, azomethine nitrogen and nitrate units of metal salt used in the preparation. The antimicrobial and cleavage activity have also been studied for the synthesized compounds. The Schiff base and its metal complexes show a good activity against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, Klebsiella, Pneumonia and fungi like Candida albicans, Apergillus niger and Pencillium sp. The antimicrobial results also indicate that the metal complexes are better antimicrobial agents as compared to the Schiff base.

Key words: 4-aminopyridine, 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, Antimicrobial activity, Nuclease activity Spectral studies.

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Abstract: An experimental investigation was conducted to study the performance of fly ash based geopolymer specimens in Sodium Aluminium Phosphate solution. High strength geopolymer is produced from coal combustion fly ash and sodium aluminium phosphate chemical which can be obtained by hydrated alumina powder reacting with ortho phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide. The curing is done by both atmospheric and accelerated means. Performance of the specimens was evaluated in terms of visual appearance, change in compressive strength, phase development and micro-structural analysis over the exposure period of time. Evidence is provided with micro structural studies and mechanical strength properties on the presence of amorphous binding phase. These characteristics are similar to alumino-silicate geopolymer.

Keywords: Fly ash, geopolymer, Phosphate ions, compressive strength

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Abstract: In order to utilize visible light in a photocatalytic reaction, yellow nitrogen-doped titania was prepared by sol-gel method in mild condition, with the elemental nitrogen source from urea.The titania catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET Surface area, UV-Vis DRS,TEM and XPS . The results showed that all titania catalysts were anatase and doping of nitrogen extended the absorption into visible light region. Photocatalytic activity of the catalysts was evaluated based on the photodegradation of 2,4-D in aqueous solution under visible light. The experiments demonstrated that the nitrogen-doped titania exhibited higher visible-light activity compared to undoped one.

Keywords – anatase, 2,4-D, nitrogen doped, photocatalytic activity, titania

[1] Ioannis K. Konstantinou, Triantafyllos A. Albanis, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 49 (2004) 1.

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Abstract: Flash chromatography of Methanol, Methanol Water (1:1) and Water extracts of the roots of Angelica archangelica was carried out. The various fractions obtained were subjected to antibacterial activity against four clinically significant strains using Ciprofloxacin (antibiotic) as standard with fractions from methanol extract showing promising activity. One more interesting result was that all the ethyl acetate fractions from Methanol, Methanol Water (1:1) and Water extracts were more active. So these fractions can be further phytochemically investigated for the isolation of biologically active constituents. The positive biological activities manifested by the fractionated extracts from crude extracts render concrete substantiation for the use of such species for traditional medicinal purposes. Keywords- Angelica archangelica, Antibacterial activity, Flash chromatography, Fractionation, MIC

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Abstract: Because of considerable interest in the preparation of biodegradable materials based on natural polymers, many techniques have been used to modify the physical and chemical properties of natural polymers. Due to the presence of various functional groups on molecular chains, polysaccharides could be readily modified chemically to form polymer hybrid of good composition and functional properties. There have been a number of studies reported for chemical attachments of synthetics polymers. However, grafting of vinyl monomers onto polysaccharides backbone via radical polymerization is often used technique. Alginic acid or alginate is polyuronides, i.e., polysaccharides in which the molecules are built up of uronic acid residues which are obtained from seaweed species of brown algae. Alginate has broad applications in various fields such as pharmaceutical, biomedical, agriculture, and environmental. The present review compiled the studies on the chemical modification of alginate via free- radical graft copolymerization, particularly by generating the free radicals using thermal initiator or electron transfer reaction (redox system) and the potential applications of the grafted copolymers. Keywords: alginate, biodegradable, graft copolymerization, polysaccharide, radicals

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Abstract: In the present work HPLC analysis for two genus of green algae were collected locally and identified from Bestansur village fresh water in Sulaimani city in north Iraq in October 2011,shows that contain different alkaloid components such as Chara sp. Contain (Kaemfertin 57.0831μgm/ml ,isoquinoline 74.8601μ gm/ml ,corilagin 109.3617μ gm/ml and colocynthitin 57.3929 μ gm/ml) while Spirogyra contain (Gallic acid 77.2055 μ gm/ml ,Kaempfertin 67.8407 μ gm/ml ,isoquinoline 69.6164 μ gm/ml , corilagin 105.8581 μ gm/ml and colocynthitin 85.9098 μ gm/ml). Divert compounds of steroids composition were also analyzed by HPLC technique in two types of macro algae five steroid compounds were detected (stigmasterol 69.9213 μ gm/ml , 73.102 μ gm/ml , campsterol 98.8401 μ gm /ml ,157.8413 μ gm/ml , β-sitosterol 127.8065 μ gm/ml,37.1229 μ gm/ml ,avenasterol 43.15194 μ gm/ml ,72.400 μ gm/ml and clerosterol 89.6958 μ gm/ml ,84.50799 μ gm/ml respectively). In this study HPLC analysis for Chara show that contain( α-tocopherol 334.53417 μ gm/ml , β-tocopherol 175.13087 μ gm/ml and γ-tocopherol 71.7641 μ gm /ml) . In the end of this study ICP analysis for two genus macroalgae shows that contain this element s (Mn,V,Se, Ca,Mg, Cr,As,Pb,Co,Cd and Ni).

Key Words: HPLC analysis, macro algae ,Alkaloid, steroid, tocopherol

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Abstract: Ala river is considered as one of the most important irrigation and drinking water resources in Akure, Nigeria. The distribution and accumulation of heavy metals: Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Nicke l(Ni), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) in sediment were investigated in this river during the raining season between August and September, 2012. The mean concentration of these metals were: 0.09 μg/g for Cd; 20.30 μg/g for Cr; 6.61 μg/g for Cu; 648.04 μg/g for Fe; 1.50 μg/g for Ni; 16.90 μg/g for Pb; 3.78 μg/g for Zn dry weight. The result showed that the average concentrations of heavy metals were ranked as: Fe> Cr>Pb>Zn>Ni>Cr>Cd. To asses metal contamination in sediment, United State environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Guidelines were applied. The concentrations of Cd in all the stations were moderately polluted. The metals contamination in the sediments were also evaluated by applying Index of geo –accumulation(Igeo), contamination factor (Cf ) and Degree of contamination. On the basis of the mean values of Igeo, sediments are enriched with metals in the following order: Pb> Cd >Cr> Cu>Zn>Ni>Fe while according to contamination factor (Cf), Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn were at low contamination and in order of Pb> Cd>Cr>Cu>Zn>Ni>Fe. According to degree of contamination (Cd), site 4 has the highest amount of heavy metal contamination while site 9 has the lowest amount of heavy metal contamination. Pearson correlation indicates that Zn, Fe and Ni, Cr are highly significant (p <0.01), suggesting that the anthropogenic sources of these metals are closely related in the sediment from Ala river.

Keywords – Ala river; sediment; heavy metal; contamination; contamination factor; geo –accumulation index;.

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Abstract: Design and application of powder composite electrodes for electrosynthesis and electroanalysis research has been carried out. The physical characterization of electrodes was analysis using SEM, EDX and FTIR. The electrochemical stability was analysis using cyclic voltammetry. The stability of electrodes was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The powder composite electrodes were prepared by mixing 95% metal powder with 5% polyvinyl chloride (PVC). PVC was used as a binder and tetrahydrofuran (THF) was used as a mixing solvent in powder composite electrodes preparation. The result, of the study showed powder composite electrode higher stability compared to metal sheet electrode. Electrooxidation of ethanol in KOH solution powder composite electrodes has shown good stability based on analysis using AAS. The composite electrode has shown higher current density, so that we use for electrochemistry research such electrosynthesis, electroanalysis and electrodegradations.

Keywords: Electrochemical stability, Composite Electrode, Ethanol, KOH

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