Volume-1 ~ Issue-4

Abstract: Ethyl Acrylate was grafted onto chitosan by using the ceric ammonium nitrate as the initiator. The effect of initiator concentration, monomer concentration, time & temperature on % G and % E were studied. The grafted samples were characterized using FTIR, SEM, atomic force microscopy AFM and XRD methods. X-ray diffraction showed changes in the crystallinity pattern of chitosan after the copolymerization reaction. Evidence of grafting was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The morphology evaluated by SEM and AFM proves that in the absence of chitosan, latexes of vinyl homopolymers contain quasi monodispersed spheres with average diameter of about 450 nm or 250 nm while the graft copolymers latexes are formed by clustered irregular beads with average diameter less than 200 nm. The antibacterial activities of the grafted polymer have also been investigated.
Key words:Chitosan, Ethyl Acrylate , Graftcopolymerization , Antibactarial activity

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Abstract: Cyclic voltammetric studies were made on platinum in slightly alkaline solution (pH 8.) containing platonic chloride, sodium tungstate, dimethylsulphoxide, ethanolamine, sodium chloride and boric acid. Spectral U.V absorption studies indicate the complexation of Pt4+ with ethanolamine. The deposition of platinum involves a stepwise electron transfer mechanism involving platinum complex. Stripping voltammetric curves revealed the existence of intermediate species rich in tungsten. The concentration of ethanolamine affected the preferential deposit of W from the alloy. X-ray diffraction data further confirmed the phases of Pt2W alloy.
Key words: Elecrodeposition, WO3-Pt coating, cyclic voltammetry, U.V. absorption, XRD studies.

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Abstract: Binary complex of imprint ion in design ion imprinted polymer is significant for solid phase extraction. Various of the imprint degree (0.001mmol, 0.01mmol, 0.1 and 1mmol) have been prepared in polymerization. Ion imprinted polymer were prepared via bulk polymerization methods by forming binary complex Zr-Xylenol orange in 2-methoxy ethanol and copolymerizing in the presence of styrene, divinylbenzene and benzene peroxide as an initiator. Zircon ion were removed from polymer particles by leaching with HCl to leave the cavity in the polymer particles, filtering, washing, drying in an oven at 50 oC, and grinding. The polymer particles both prior to and after leaching have been characterized by Optical photo and SEM-EDS, IR. The retention capacity of polymers were found to be 4.6 mg zircon ion per gram particle in pH 6. The decrease of imprint degrees lead to pH of retention on polymer shift to pH acidity. It is also influenced on surface and volume pore, and there was no significant effect on retention capacity and pore size. Zircon-imprinted polymer has been applied to zircon ion extraction and optimum on 0.1 mmol.
Key words: Imprinted polymers, extraction, SPE, xylenol orange, zirconium

[1] Biju V. M, Gladis M. J, Prasadarao T.. Ion imprinted polymer particles: synthesis,characterization and dysprosium ion uptake properties suitable for analytical application. J. Analytical ChimicaActa, 478, 2003, 43-51
[2] Kala R., Gladis M. J, Prasadarao T., Preconcentrative separation of erbium from Y, Dy, Ho, Tb and Tm by using ion imprinted polymer particles via solid phase extraction. J. Analytical ChimicaActa, 518, 2004, 143-150
[3] Kala R., Biju V., M.,PrasadaRao T., Sythesis, characterization and analytical applications of erbium(III) ion imprinted polymer particles prepared via ᵞ-irradiation with different fuctional and crosslinking monomers. J. Analytical ChimicaActa, 549, 2005, 51-58
[4] Metilda P., Gladis M. J, Prasadarao T., Influence of binary/ternary complex of imprint ion on the preconcentrration of uranium(VI) using ion imprinted polymer materials. J. Analytical ChimicaActa, 512, 2004 63-73
[5] Metilda P., Prasad K., Kala R., Gladis M. J., PrasadaRao T., Naidu G. R. K., Ion imprinted polymer based sensor for monitoring toxic uranium in environmental samples. J. Analytical ChimicaActa, 582, 2007, 147-153
[6] Metilda P., Gladis M. J., Venkateswaran G., PrasadaRao T., Investigation of the role of chelating ligand in the synthesis of ion-imprinted polymeric resins on the selective enrichnment of uranium(VI). J. Analytical ChimicaActa, 587, 2007, 263-271
[7] Prasad K., Kala R., PrasadaRao T., Naidu G. R. K., Ion imprinted polymer based ion-selective electrode for the trace determination of dysprosium(III) ions. J. Analytical ChimicaActa, 566, 2006, 69-74
[8] Shobi D., Praveen R. S., Prasadarao T., Ternary ion-association complex based ion imprinted polymers(IIPs) for trace determination of palladium(II) in eviromental samples. J. Analytical ChimicaActa, 570,79-87
[9] Shobi D., PrabhakaraRao P., Prasadarao T., Investigation of different polymerization methods on the analytical performance of palladium(II) ion imprinted polymer materials. J. Analytical ChimicaActa, 536, 2005, 197-206
[10] PrasadaRao T., Kala R., Daniels S., Metal ion-imprinted polymers-Novel materials for selective recognition of inorganics. J. Analytical ChimicaActa,Review, 578, 2006, 105-116

Abstract: Aromatic aldoximes 1a-i undergo oxidative dehydrogenation with CrO2 to give nitrile oxides, which are trapped in situ by 4-methoxycinnamonitrile 2 to afford of ethyl 3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-4-carbonitriles 3a-i in good yield.
Key words: Isoxazoles, isoxazolines, magtreiveTM, antimicrobial, antioxidant

[1] Rolf Huisgen, "1,3-Dipolar cycloadditions. Past and future", Angewandte Chemie Int Ed. Engl., 2, 1963, 565-632.
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[4] Patrizia Cali, Lars Naerum, Seema Mukhija, Anders Hjelmencrantz, "Isoxazole-3-hydroxamic acid derivatives as peptide deformylase inhibitors and potential antibacterial agents", Bioorg. and Med. Chem. Letters, 14(24), 2004, 5997-6000.
[5] K. Ajay Kumar, M. Govindaraju, G. Vasantha Kumar, "Synthesis of isoxazoles via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions and their antimicrobial activity", Indian J. of Heterocyclic Chem,, 20, 2010, 183-84.
[6] E. Abdu Musad, R. Mohamed, B.A. Saeed, B.S. Vishwanath, K.M.L. Rai, "Synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of new substituted bis(1,3,4-oxadiazoles), 3,5-bis(substituted) pyrazoles and isoxazoles", Bioorg. and Med. Chem. Letters, 21(12), 2011, 3536-3540.
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[10] W.-T. Li, D.-R. Hwang, C.-P. Chen, C.-W.Shen, C.-L. Huang, T.-W. Chen, C.-H. Lin, Y.-L. Chang, Y.-Y. Chang, Y.-K. Lo, H.-Y. Tseng, C.-C. Lin, J.-S. Song, H.-C. Chen, S.-J. Chen, S.-H. Wu, C.-T. Chen, "Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-heterocyclic indolyl glyoxylamides as orally active anticancer agents", J. Med. Chem., 46, 2003, 1706-1715.

Abstract: Physicochemical analysis were carried out on water samples from Ogun river collected from Lafenwa (a densely populated area) and Akin-Olugbade (a sparsely populated area) in Abeokuta Ogun state, Nigeria. The results obtained showed that parameters like Alkalinity, pH, acidity, Chloride, Magnesium and Calcium were in the normal range and Chromium, Lead, Nickel, Zinc and Cadmium contents were below detection limit. Parameters such as nitrite, total solid, total suspended solid and total dissolved solid, Manganese, Sodium, Potassium, Iron and Copper were found to be out of desirable levels. The turbidity values ranges between 67.35 and 76.81. Total solid, total suspended solid and total dissolved solid ranged 884.00 – 896.00, 446.00 – 448.09; 438.00 – 448.00 mg/l respectively. The Alkalinity ranges from 42.90 mg/l (at Lafenwa) to 43.60 mg/l (at Akin-Olugbade). The acidity values are between 4.60mg/l and 3.60 mg/l. The Chloride was in samples as 8.98mg/l(at Akin-Olugbade) and 9.86 (at Lafenwa) Samples from Akin-Olugbade have the least value of (36.10 mg/l) for total hardness while samples from Lafenwa had the highest value (38.10mg/l), pH values ranges between 7.60 and 7.72. The Nitrite contents observed for all samples are above the standards of SON, NAFDAC and WHO, samples from Akin-Olugbade has a mean value of 0. 65mg/l and Lafenwa 0.69mg/l, Calcium content is present in all the samples, 22.10mg/l for Akin-Olugbade and 33.10 for Lafenwa. Magnesium content is 14.10mg/l for Akin-Olugbade and 5.10mg/l for Lafenwa, Manganese, Sodium, Potassium, Iron and Copper contents observed for all samples were 289 ±27.60 – 466 ± 100, 74600 ± 624 - 77400 ±414 , 31300 ± 1.41 – 33200 ±1150, 13800 ± 185 – 16100 ±618, 61 ± 7.07 - 176 ±23.30 respectively.
The observations indicate a better quality for the river water, yet unsafe for some human activities except them are properly treated and screened.
Keywords: Ogun River, physicochemical analysis, river water, water pollution, water quality

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Abstract: With the existing and projected population growth the detergent uses are increasing which are becoming one of the important cause behind the all type of pollution along with the other pollutant which are as a waste material discharged due to various human activities. By analyzing the various water sample taken from the river/ponds and other water bodies of the study area and the final result so obtained clearly indicate that the detergent being used are having sufficient amount of synthetic chemicals. Surfactant like (ABS) Alkyl benzene sulfonate and (LBS) linear Alkyl benzene Sulfonate and certain phosphate. Various detergent analysis which are substantially responsible for surface/ground water pollution, in the city area. Along with pollution these surfactant are also creating procedural problem during waste water treatment. This research work is to reveal the reason behind the problem and to way out from the problem.
Key words: Waste Water, Detergent, Foaming, Surfactant, Pollution.

[1]. Arata, Tetsuji, "Waste water in the Greater Kathmandu" Japan Association of Environment and Society for the 21st century, March 2003
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[3]. Eichhorn, P. and M.E. Flavier, "Occurrence and fate of linear and branched ABS and their metabolites in surface water in the Philippines, The Science of the total Environment 269 (2001) pp- 75-85
[4]. Khanal, A. B. and B. Paudel and N. B. Khanal, "Operational Problems in the Bagmati sewage Treatment Plant", Development Insight, August-October 2002
[5]. Petrovic, Mira and Amadeo Rodrigez-Alba, "Occurrence and distribution of Nonionic surfactant their degradation Product and Linear Alkyl benzene sulfonate in coastal water and sediments in Spain', Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 21, Issue 1, pp-37-46 (2002)
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Abstract: The impact of waste water discharge has been determined by analyzing the water sample with the help of the standard parameter. The result clearly indicates that the surface and ground water of the said area is being polluted substantially. To put a check on such a pollution. Industries should adopt alternative technology along with bringing awareness among the people of the concerned area
Key words: Surface water, Pollutants, Spectrophotometeric studies, Water quality Parameter (WQP). Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), State Pollution Control Board (SPCB)

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[2]. Baba, A., Kaya, A. and Birsoy, Y. K., 2003, "The effect of Yatagan Thermal Power plant (Mugla Turkey) on the Quality of surface and Ground water", Waste Water Air and Soil Pollution, Volume 14, Nos 1-4, pp. 93-111
[3]. Bishnoi, M. and Malik, R., 2008, "Ground Water Quality in Environmentally degraded localities of Panipat city, India, Journal of Environmental Biology, Volume 29, No. 6, pp-881-886
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ABSTRACT : The required quinoline based compounds IVa-g were prepared by reaction of aryl amine and ethyl acetoacetate via 4-chlorobenzaldehyde(6-methoxy-2-methylequinolin-4-yl)hydrazone(IV) and substituted diazotizedsulfonamides to 4-{[(4-chlorophenyl)(6-methoxy-2-methylequinolin-4-yl)carbonohydrazonoyl diazenyl} substituted benzenesulfonamides(IVa-g). The resulting newly synthesized compounds are characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. All the newly synthesized compounds have been evaluated for their antibacterial activity towards two Gram positive and two Gram negative bacteria and antifungal activity towards Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Some selected synthesizes compounds have also been evaluated for their antitubercular activity with mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. The results obtained from antimicrobial activity are found that some compounds have higher antibacterial activity and antifungal activity, where as the rest of the compounds show varying activity. Some of the selected compounds show higher antitubercular activity. Keywords – Antibacterial Activity, Antifungal Activity, Antitubercular Activity, Azosulfonamide, Quinoline derivatives, sulfonamide.

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