Volume-12 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2019

Abstract:：A new simple and economical chemical method of fabrication of nano-scale PMAA polymer brushes appearing fingerprint pattern on silicon surface using PS-b-P2VP as template has been established. The PS-b-P2VP diblock copolymer micells in toluene was spin-coated on silicon surface, self-assembling a pseudo-hexagonal dot array composing of P2VP with diameters of tens of nm in the PS matrix. The PS-b-P2VP assembled array on the surface of the silicon wafer formed a linear or fingerprint pattern by the mixing solvent (THF/H2O) steam after a certain amount of time. Then soaking in the dilute HCl solution of Na2PtCl4, removing PS-b-P2VP by the oxygen plasma, the platinum salt was reduced to a platinum nanodot matrix line. In the end, the linear or fingerprint..............

Keywords: PS-b-P2VP; Silicon surface; Patterning of nano-polymer brushes; PMAA

[1]. Cen C T S M J. Science. 2009, 323(5917): 1026-1030.
[2]. Kim S H C K Y S. Advanced Functional Materials. 2017, 27(17): 1606715.
[3]. Tang S H J M Z. Polymer. 2016(90): 9-17.
[4]. Penfold N J W L J R W. Polymer Chemistry. 2016, 7(1): 79-88.
[5]. Sethuraman V P V G V. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics. 2016, 9(54): 1-10...

Abstract:：A series of some novel phenylpropanolamino-1, 4-disubstituted-1, 2, 3-triazoles have been synthesized with regioselectivity in good to excellent yields using a reusable heterogeneous CuI/Al2O3 (5%) catalyst via Click chemistry approach. The reaction conditions were well optimized. All synthesized compounds have been characterized using IR, Mass and NMR techniques. The antimicrobial activities of synthesized compounds were screened against ten bacteria and two fungi using in vitro well method. Among the synthesized triazoles compound 9a shows potent antimicrobial activity.

Keywords: Phenylpropanolamine, click chemistry, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, regioselectivity, azidation, antimicrobial activity.

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Abstract: Plants based remedies have been playing a vital role in health care delivery in spite of the influence of orthodox medicines. Tuberculosis remained one of the oldest diseases in the world that caused serious health concern globally. But Tuberculosis and other respiratory diseases are among the common ailments claimed to be treated using some local plants. This research was designed to investigate Anti-tuberculosis activity of Nine (9) selected medicinal plants collected in some local communities in the Northern parts of Bauchi state, Nigeria. The quantitative phytochemical analysis was also carried out. The result indicated the highest saponins content (83.89%) in Butyrospermum paradoxum and the least saponins content (30.79%) was observed in Striga hermonthica.............

Keywords: Medicinal plants, quantitative analysis, phytochemicals, anti tuberculosis activity.

[1]. Abdalfatah, A., Sajan L. S., Christina Y. I. and Saad, M. H. A. (2013). Bioassay and Phytochemical Studies on Ximenia Americana L. Bark Ethanolic Extract. J. Forest Products and Industries.2(3), 63- 68.
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Abstract: The degradation reaction mechanism of c-C5H9O has been investigated theoretically by a detailed potential energy surface calculation at the B3LYP/6–311G(d,p) and MC–QCISD (single-point) levels of theory. Starting from the reactant, the most favorable pathway is the β-C-C bond dissociation to form intermediate b (CH2)4CHO. The second competitive pathway are the 1,3-H-shift leading to product P1 c-C5H8OH, which can further dissociate to give P3 c-C5H8 + OH and C-H bond cleavage to form P2 c-C5H8O + H. While the formation of the products P4 - P9 derived from intermediate b are less competitive than products P1 – P3. Our calculations show that the intermediates and transition states involved in the above product channels all lie above the reactants, the c-C5H9O degradation reaction is expected to be unrapid, as is confirmed by experiment. So we can try to control the pressure and the temperature to gain our ends. The present results may be helpful for understanding the mechanism and can assist in experiments to identify the products of the title reaction.

Keywords: Theoretical study; PESs; DFT; Reaction mechanism; Rate constants.

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Abstract: Pesticides residues in both water and sediment could be a health risk in the fishes consume from Njuwa Lake Yola, Adamawa State Nigerial. The Levels of pesticides residues in water and sediments in lake Njuwa Yola wasinvestigated. The analytical methods usedinvolved solvent extraction of the pesticides residues by soxhlet extraction, cleaning and their subsequent quantification using hyphenation of gas chromatography mass spectromatry (GC-MS). In this technique, mass spectrometer acts as a detector for the compounds separated by a gas chromatography. Result of the Mean concentrations (μg/l) of pesticides residues in water ranged from (0.15 – 0.92)..........

Keywords: Pesticides,Herbicides, Insectides,Gas Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry.

[1]. Adeboyejo OA, Clarke EO, Olarinmoye MO (2011). Organochlorine pesticides residues In water, sediments, fin and shell-fish samples from Lagos lagoon complex, Nigeria. Researcher 3:38-45.
[2]. Andoh H, Osel A, Godfred D (2013). Health risk assessment of pesticide residues in maize and cowpea from Ejura, Ghana. Paper presented ,at 5th International Toxicology Symposium in Africa. Jointly Hosted by College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana and Hokkaido University, Japan sponsored by Japan Society for Promotion of Science.
[3]. Biego GHM, Yao KD, Ezoua P, Kouadio LP (2010). Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides Residues in Fish Sold in Abidjan Markets and Fishing Sites. At. J. Food Agric. Nutrl. Dev. 10:3.
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Abstract: Adsorption of n-Butanoic acid from aqueous solutions was studied using commercially available pure granular activated charcoal. 2.0g of activated charcoal was soaked in various aqueous solutions of the acid at different original concentrations of 4.50M, 4.00M, 3.50M, 3.00M, 2.50M, 2.00M, 1.50M, and 1.00M respectively. The filtrates were subsequently titrated with 1.38M NaOH solution. The study which was carried out at an average temperature of 28.5oC showed that increase in equilibrium concentration of the aqueous n-Butanoic acid solution led to an increase in the amount of the acid adsorbed by the activated charcoal. Also, the fraction of acid adsorbed increased..........

Keywords: Adsorption, charcoal, concentration, equilibrium, n-Butanoic .

[1]. S. Goldberg, L.J. Criscenti, D.R. Turner, J.A. Davis, and K.J. Cantrell, Adsorption-Desorption Process in Subsurface Reactive Transport Modelling. Vadose Zone Journal. 6 (3), 2007, 407-435.
[2]. E.F. Mohamed, Removal of organic compounds from water by adsorption and photocatalytic oxidation, doctoral thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, Universite de Toulouse, 2011.
[3]. Y. Zaker, M.A. Hossain, and T.S.A. Islam, Effect of Various Factors on the Adsorption of Methylene Blue Fractionated from Bijoypur Soil, Bangladesh. Int. Res. J, Vov. 2(6), 2013, 1-7.
[4]. S. Nethaji, A. Sivasamy, and A.B. Mandal, Adsorption isotherms, kinetics and mechanism for the adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes onto carbonaceous particles prepared from Juglans regia shell biomass, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 10, 2013, 231–242.
[5]. M.I.G. Bi, A.J. Yapo, A.S. Ello, D. Diabaté, and A. Trokourey, Adsorption of Acetic and Benzoic Acids from Aqueous Solutions on Activated Carbon, J. Soc. Ouest-Afr. Chim. 026, 2008, 53 – 5.

Abstract: Cyclohexane-1,4-diacetic acid chloride; 2,6-Dimethyl-1,8-octyldicarboxylic acid chloride; and 2,5-dimethyl-1,7-heptyldicarboxylic acid chloride were synthesized starting with 1,4-cyclohexanedione, 2,5-hexanedione and 2,4-pentanedione. Diethyl-1,4-cyclohexylidenediacetate and 1,4-cyclohexanediacetic acid as representative diesters and diacids were identified by proton NMR spectroscopy. The Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were determined using Bruker WH-400. Elemental analysis data of 1,4-cyclohexanediacetic acid was provided by Galbraith Laboratories.

Keywords: dicarboxylic acid, esters ,diesters, diacids, spectroscopy.

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Abstract: This study evaluated the efficiency of using active sampling to estimate the environmental levels of bioavailable persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by introducing graded filters. Long-term passive sampling was combined with scheduled active sampling in monitoring the levels organochlorine pesticides in the Industrial Area of Nairobi City. Triolein-filled semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed for 28 days in air and surface waters. During the same period, air samples were collected weekly using low-volume samplers, through graded filters, onto polyurethane foam (PUF) sorbents. Similarly water samples were collected using grab sampling, passed through graded filters, and extracted using silica-gel cartridges. The SPMDs were extracted by dialysis while the PUF samplers were extracted in soxhlets, using n-hexane. Cleanup and fractionation was achieved using adsorption chromatography, analytes identified by GC-MS and quantified using the internal standard method. From.......

Keywords: Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs); Passive sampling; Active sampling; Graded filters.

[1]. Korir, A., Okerosi, N., Ronoh, V., Mutuma, G., &Parkin, M. (2015). Incidence of cancer in Nairobi, Kenya (2004–2008).International Journal of Cancer, 137, 2053–2059.
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[3]. Çok, İ., Donmez, M. K., Hakan, S. M., Aydınuraz, B., Henkelmann, B., Kotalik, J., & Schramm, K.-W. (2007). Concentration of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dioxin-like PCBs in human adipose tissue from Turkish men.Chemosphere, 66, (10), 1955-1961.
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Abstract: Different waters resources (well, dam, desalinated and blended water) were characterized and their suitability for citrus trees irrigation purposes were evaluated. Results showed that well and dam waters were classified as C4S1 and C5S1 doubtful and unsuitable for irrigation. However, desalinated and blended waters were classified C1S1 and C2S1 excellent and good waters qualities. Well and dam waters sodium, chloride, bicarbonate and nitrate concentrations exceeded FAO recommendations for sensitive crops like citrus as well as sodium absorption rate (SAR). The performance study of RO desalination plant with a capacity of 120 m3/d and a feed water of 3.71 g/L showed that optimum values were 68% for conversion rate, 91% for retention rate and 0.58 KWh/m3 for consumes energy......

Keywords: irrigation water salinity; growth; citrus; nanofiltration; reverse osmosis; brine

[1]. A. Abbasnia, N. Yousefi, A. H. Mahvi, R. Nabizadeh, M.Radfard, M. Yousefi, M. Alimohammadi,Evaluation of groundwater quality using water quality index and its suitability for assessing water for drinking and irrigation purposes: Case study of Sistan and Baluchistan province (Iran), Human and Ecological Risk Assessment Journal 0 (2018) 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2018.1458596.
[2]. P. Doungmanee, The nexus of agricultural water use and economic development level, Kasetrat Journal of Social Sciences 37 (2016) 38-45.
[3]. H. Jeder, A. ben khlifa, M. Sghaier, Economic analysis of water demand in public irrigation systems in Tunisia, using FSSIM model, New Medit, 4 (2014).
[4]. A. Quiñones, C.P.Folgado, U.C. Bacab, B.M. Alcántara, F. Legaz,Water productivity and fruit quality in deficit drip irrigated citrus orchards, Irrigation Systems and Practices in Challenging Environments , Chapter 3, Book, InTech, 2012.
[5]. M. Haas, Record citrus crop highlights market constraints, Global Agriculture Information Network, USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, Report TS1704, 2017...

Abstract: Phase diagrams of In2Se3–Sb2Se3 and In2Se3–Bi2Se3 binary systems wereconstructed based on DTA and X-ray diffraction analysis data. There are no intermediate compounds in the In2Se3–Sb2Se3 system but two finite regions of In2Se3-based solid solutions were found: the first one, called þ' (from 11 to 3.6 mol% Sb2Se3), of the tetradymite structure, and the second (from 3.6 to 0 mol% Sb2Se3) being the þ-In2Se3 stabilized form, these results are nearly same obtained by D. Eddike work (5). Also, there are no intermediate compounds in the In2Se3–Bi2Se3 system but there are wide ranges of solid solutions based on the terminal compounds and an intermediate range......

Keywords: Chalcogenides, Crystal growth, Differential scanning calorimetry,X-raydiffraction,Phaseequilibria, Electronic materials

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Abstract: Catalytic oxidation of ammonia provides a promising technique for the generation of hydrogen. In this work, the electro-oxidation of ammonia on palladium-gold-silver ternary nanoclusters (PdAuAgNPs) on platinum (Pt) electrode was systematically studied in alkaline solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) by cyclic voltammetry. The PdAuAg nanoclusters were prepared through a facile synthesis with ascorbic acid as a reductant and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as a stabilizing agent from aqueous solutions of
PdCl2/HAuCl4.3H2O/AgNO3 mixtures.......

Keywords: Electrocatalyst; nanoalloys; ammonia oxidation; nanoclusters; hydrogen

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