Volume-11 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2018

Abstract: Chemistry ofProteins which are the most complex substances known to man is one of the great challenges in modern science. In the present work peptides of amino acid were used to study metal-ligand stability constants. Various chelates of metal ions like Al(III), Cr(III), Fe(III), Pt(IV) etc. with various chalcones and amino acids were studied for their stability determination. In the present work complexes of transition metal ions like Cu(II) and Ni(II)with peptide; DL- Alanyl-DL- Alanine were prepared and progress of their formation and metal-ligand stability constants at 0.1M ionic strength were studied potentiometrically. It was found that for Cu(II) the colourlesssolution changed to blue at about pH 5.0 and for Ni(II) at pH 5.25 the colourless solution changed to orange. The stability was studied from Ƞ (ligand number) values and logK values. It is concluded from results that complex of Cu(II) with DL- Alanyl-DL- Alanine is more stable than that for Ni(II).

Keywords: Complex,Peptides, Stability constant, pH etc.

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Abstract: Chemical speciation study of the interaction of Terephthalic acid dihydrazide with H+, Mn2+ and Co2+ was carried out using a potentiometric method of data acquisition followed by chemometric modeling methods of analysis. The ligand possesses two hydrazide chelating units and is therefore able to form monometallic and bimetallic species in different protonated, unprotonated and deprotonated forms. Several species of the type MmLlHh (m=1or 2, l=1 or 2 and h varies from 4 to -1 depending on m and l) were observed to be present in solution. Concentration distribution diagrams were generated using the HYSS program.

Keywords: Terephthalic acid dihydrazide, ditopic, binuclear, chemical speciation, stability constants.

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Abstract: Capacity building is a diverse term which has different meanings to different people, depending on their targets and future plans to achieve certain objectives. Specifically capacity building encompasses the country's human, scientific, technological, organizational, institutional and resource capacities. The UNDP recognizes that capacity building is a long term continuing process in which all stakeholders (ministries, local authorities, non-governmental organizations "NGOS", water user groups, professional associations, academicians and others) participate. Briefly capacity building is much more than training and it includes the following:

[1]. IISD (2006): Summary of the capacity building workshop on partnerships for improving performance of water utilities in the African Region. Capacity Building Workshop Bulletin, Volume 4.
[2]. Wikipedia (Encyclopedia): Capacity Building (website).
[3]. Website (2007): Capacity building and transboundary cooperation.
[4]. Observations and experience of the author.

Abstract: Concentrations of six heavy metals (Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Chromium (Cr)) in the flesh were investigated for two most consumed frozen fish species (Clupeaharengus and Scomberscombrus) in Mubi, metropolis. Samples were collected from Mubi market and taken to the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Adamawa State University, Mubi for analysis.Length and Weight were measured using meter rule and weighing balance respectively.Wet digestion of the samples was doneand the concentrations of metals were evaluated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results revealed the highest concentrations of 18.152±0.696b, 0.036±0.001a, 0.040±0.003a, 19.590±0.012a, 0.019±0.001b and 0.082±0.018bc for Fe, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cr respectively in Clupeaharengus. In Scomberscombrus, the highest concentrations for Fe, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cr were 17.980±o.201a, 0.031±0.035b, 0.041±0.002a, 20.285±0.998, 0.012±0.011a and 0.065±0.001a respectively..........

Keywords: Contamination, Consumption, Bioaccumulation, Bio-magnifications and Danger.

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[4] Battarbee, R., Anderson, N., Appleby, P., Flower, R. J., Fritz, S., Haworth, E., Higgit, S., Jones, V., Kreiser, A., Munro, M. A., Natkanski, J., Oldfield, F., Patrick, S.T., Richardson, N., Rippey, B and Stevenson, A. C. (1988).Lake Acidification in the United Kingdom, ENSIS, London.Pp. 108.
[5] Beetseh, C. I. and Abrahams, J. O. (2013). Dangers of BioaccumulationofHeavy Metals consumed in Sardine and Mackerel (ice fish) Benue State, Nigeria. Journal of Civil and Environmental Research: 3(5): 1-6.

Abstract: 2-Substituted benzo[b]thiophene S-oxides have been prepared from the respective benzo[ b]thiophenes by oxidation with meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid in the presence of BF3 .Et2O and have been
submitted to cycloaddition reactions with alkenes and alkynes.

Keywords: benzo[b[thiophene, benzo[b]thiophene S-oxide, Diels-Alder reaction, cycloaddition.

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J. Cullinan, T. R. Pell, and H. U. Bryant, Discovery and synthesis of [6-hydroxy-3-[4-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethoxy]phenoxy]-2-(4-
hydroxyphenyl)]benzo[b]thiophene, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 40, 1997, 1407-1416.
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Abstract: An efficient and facile method for the preparation of 2-amino-4-arylquinoline-3-carbonitrile derivatives were developed and described through nano copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) catalyzed one pot three-component cyclization of various aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile and aromatic amines under Ultrasonication. The cubic magnetic copper ferrite nano particles were synthesized by sol-gel citrate precursor method and characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM and TEM techniques and the structures of the synthesized quinolines were assigned by IR, MASS, 1H NMR. The catalyst was separated with a strong Neodymium magnet from the reaction mixture and reused for five consecutive reactions without noticeable loss of activity.

Keywords: Quinoline derivatives, one pot three component cyclization, nano copper ferrite, ultrasonication.

[1] M Ozaki, Y. Adachi, Y. Iwahori, and N. Ishii, Application of fuzzy theory to writer recognition of Chinese characters, International
Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 18(2), 1998, 112-116. (8)
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pyrimidines/pyridines, Ultrasonic Sonochemistry, 21, 2014, 472-477.
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synthesis, Chem. Soc. Rev, 41, 2012, 1559−1584.
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catalyst and ultrasound irradiation and their bioassay, Ultrason. Sonochem, 18, 2011, 1113−1117.
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Abstract: Today's Scenario Does Not Augur Well For The Future Or Even Immediate Future. Global Warming Is Happening Faster Than What Was Predicted. Extreme Weather Conditions Are Hurting Humanity Animal World And Crops Alike. Dependence On Fossil Fuels Like Coal And Petroleum Products Is Not Diminishing. Even If Most Of Automobiles Go Electric Way The Problem Is Not Going To Diminish—It Is Only Going To Shift To A Different Place. Electricity Is Largely Manufactured From Fossil Fuels. Therefore, The Only Solace Would Be That The Areas Where The Automobiles Ply Would Become Clean. But What About The Areas Where Electricity Is Produced? Those Areas Will Become More Polluted. In Short The Global Warming And Environmental Pollution Are Not Going To Diminish Unless A Revolutionary Energy Source Is Found.

[1]. Http://Www.Societechimiquedefrance.Fr/Extras/Guiochon%20VO/Decompositionvo.Htm
[2]. Http://Www.Ausetute.Com.Au/Fuelenergy.Html
[3]. Journal Of Energetic Materials, 31: 1–26, 2013 - Review On Thermal Decompositionof Ammonium Nitrate By Shalini Chaturvedi And Pragnesh N. Dave..

Abstract: The Vibrational Spectral Analysis Was Carried Out By Using FT-IR And FT-Raman Spectroscopy In The Range 450 – 4000cm-1and 50 – 4000cm-1 Respectively For 3 – (4 – Methoxybenzoyl)Propionic Acid (C9H10O3) Molecule. The Molecular Structure, Fundamental Vibrational Frequencies And Intensity Of The Vibrational Bands Were Interpreted With The Aid Of Structure Optimizations And Normal Coordinate Force Field Calculations Based HF And DFT With B3LYP/6-311++G(D,P) And B3LYP/6-31++G(D,P) Basis Sets. The Complete Vibrational Assignments Of Wavenumbers Were Made On The Basis Of Potential Energy Distribution (PED). The Calculated HOMO And LUMO Energies Show That Charge Transfer Occurs Within The Molecule. The Reactivity Sites Were Identified By Mapping The Electron Density Into Electrostatic Potential Surface (MESP).The Stability Of The Molecule Arising From Hyper Conjugative Interactions And Charge Delocalization Has Been Analysed Using Natural Bond Analysis (NBO). The UV-Vis Absorption Spectra Of The Compound Were Recorded In The Range Of 200 – 400 Nm In Water And Ethanol Solvents.

Keywords: 3 - (4 - Methoxybenzoyl) Propionic Acid, DFT, HOMO, LUMO, NBO.

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Abstract: Cassava leaf and tuber samples were collected from four different farmlands around galena mining site in Ishiagu, Ebonyi state, Nigeria. These samples were monitored for heavy metals using atomic absorption spectrometer. Metals studied were Pb, Mn, Ni, Fe, Cr, Cd, Zn, and Cu. The concentration range of these metals in cassava tubers were found to be 10-27mg/kg Cu, 86-93mg/kg Zn, 0.1-0.43mg/kg Cd, 0.012-0.036mg/kg Cr, 35-70mg/kg Ni, 98-130mg/kg Mn, 11.50-16mg/kg Fe, and 0.6-1.2mg/kg Pb. Cd, Ni and Pb concentrations were found to be above WHO standard of 0.20mg/kg, 67.90mg/kg and 0.30mg/kg respectively. Maximum concentrations of the metals in leaf samples were found to be 15mg/kg, 97mg/kg, 0.40mg/kg and 0.086mg/kg for Cu, Zn, Cd and Cr respectively. Cd, Cr and Pb concentrations in cassava leaf samples were found to be above WHO standard of 0.20mg/kg,0,05mg/kg and 0.30mg/kg respectively. The variation in parameters determined for the samples (cassava leaf and crop samples) were all found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). The results of the analysis showed that there were significant accumulations of these metals studied in cassava leaves and tubers.

[1] Mackenzie, A.B and Pulford, I .D. Investigation of Contaminant, metal dispersal from a disused mine site at Tyndrum, Scotland, using concentration gradient and stable Pb Isotope ratios, Applied Geochemistry, (2002): 17: 1093-1103.
[2] Alafara, A., Baba, F., Adekola, A. A study of dissolution kinetics of a Nigerian Galena ore in hydrochloric acid. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, (2011):171: 3-5.
[3] Berkowitz, B and Dror, I. B. Contaminant Geochemistry: Interaction and Transport in the surface environment. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, (2008):pp 61-67.
[4] Musah, S., Z., Anima-Gyampo, M and Ampadu, B., X. Health risks of heavy metals in selected food crops cultivated in small scale gold mining areas in wassa-Amenfi west district of Ghana, Journal of Natural Sciences Research, (2008):3(5): 97.
[5] Stalikaset, C.D., Ach-Mantalovas, A.S., Pilidis, G.A.V. Multi element concentrations in vegetable spp grown in two typical agricultural areas of Greece. Science of the Total Environment, (2008):206:17-24.

Abstract: Connectivity is the main key of any development in the country. Better connectivity drives strong employment and regional economic growth. Moreover; building connections to tier-II and tier-III cities creates a network by bringing in more people into the aviation network. New passengers create economic value across the chain for the newly-connected cities, already-served airports and the airlines. This makes businesses more efficient. It will open India's vast tourism potential by making it accessible, makes responding to medical emergencies viable and promotes national integration. This study aims at studying the impact of UDAN in aviation and travel & tourism industry, particularly in the north-eastern region of India.

Key Word: UDAN, Regional connectivity, Travel, Tourism, North East India.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDAN; retrieved on 28-01-2018
[2] https://www.narendramodi.in/reflections/udan-minimum-government-for-maximum-impact-19; retrieved on 28-01-2018
[3] http://businessworld.in/article/Three-Years-Of-Modi-Govt-Tourism-Sector/26-05-2017-119002/; retrieved on 28-01-2018
[4] http://www.insightsonindia.com/2016/10/22/7-write-note-governments-udan-scheme-objectives-likely-impact-various-stakeholders/; retrieved on 28-01-2018
[5] http://www.businesstoday.in/sectors/aviation/cheap-flights-tourism-narendra-modi-udan-scheme-fares-rs2500/story/249074.html; retrieved on 29-01-2018

Abstract: Formaldehyde polymerized peanut testa extract (F-PTE) was used as an adsorbent to remove Fe2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ in laboratory simulated wastewater (LSW) under various conditions. The results showed that the efficiency of the process depended significantly on the pH and temperature of the wastewater, initial adsorbate concentration as well as contact time,andpartially on the amount of adsorbent used.The amount of Zn2+ removed by Formaldehyde polymerized and sulphonated peanut testa extract (FS-PTE) resinincreased from 61.2%at room temperature (RT)to 72.1%at 50oC and 80.3% at60oC.Amounts of the metal ions removed from the LSW equally increased from pH 2.0to pH 8.0. The percentage of Fe2+ removedby F-PTE increased from 20.7%at 30mins to 71.6%at 120mins and thereafter, reduced to 68.4% at 150minutes. Increase in initial concentration of the metal ions from...........

Key Word: Peanut testa extract,cation exchange resins, heavy metal ions,adsorption, Langmuirisotherm, pseudo-first-order

[1] Abdelwahab, O. (2007). Kinetic and isotherm studies of copper(II) removal from wastewater using various adsorbents. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research. 33(1): 125-143.
[2] Abreu, M. R T., Barros, F. C. F., Raulino, G. S. C., Moura, C. P. and Nascimento, R. F. (2012). Metal ions removal from synthetic solutions and produced water using activated zeolite. International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering. 12(03): 20-25.
[3] Abuh, M. A., Akpomie, G. K., Nwagbara, N. K., Abia-Bassey, N., Ape, D. I., Ayabie, B. U. (2013). Kinetic rate equations application on the removal of copper (II) and zinc (II) by unmodified lignocellulosic fibrous layer of palm tree trunk-single component system studies.International Journal of Basic and Applied Science. 1(4): 800-809.
[4] Ackacha, M. A. and Elsharif, L. A. (2012). Adsorption removal of lead ions by Acacia tortilisleaves: Equilibrium, Kinetics and Thermodynamics.International Journal of Environmental Science and Development.3 (6): 584-589.
[5] Argun, M. E. and Dursun, S. (2006). Removal of heavy metal ions using chemically modified adsorbents. Journal of International Environmental Application andScience.1(1-2): 27-40.

Abstract: Everyone has some degree of coronary atherosclerosis. CHD is most common in affluent nations. Diets high in fats, elevated serum cholesterol levels, lack of exercise, emotional stress, hypertension and smoking all contribute to the production of this disease.

Key Word: CHD, Atherosclerosis, Hypertension

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