Volume-11 ~ Issue-10 ~ October-2018

Abstract: The integrity of quality control samples is important to both management of overall quality as well as to meeting requirements of proficiency testing.The study was done to assess the quality control monitoring and evaluation of creatinine,urea,alanine aminotransferaseand also for inter-laboratory studies of somehaematological parameters packed cell volume (PCV),Mean cell Volume (MCV)andmean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), in Nisa Premier Hospital Abuja and the Benue State University Teaching Hospital Makurdi,North central Nigeria.The quality control monitoring& evaluation were conducted for two consecutive months using the spectrophotometer(kenza240 TXbiolabo France),and the inter -laboratory studies was performed directly on blood samples...........

Keywords: Quality Control, Urea, Creatine, alanineaminotransferase, Inter-laboratory, Westgard Rule

[1]. Audu .I.,Stephen(2017): Analytical Validation Methodology for some Diagnostics methods Used In Clinical Laboratories.Unpublished PhD Thesis,Benue state University Makurdi,Nigeria
[2]. Karkalousos, P. (2011), Evangelopoulos A. Quality Control in Clinical Laboratories. Appl Exp Qual Control;331–60.
[3]. Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N Robbins &Cotran pathologic Basis of Disease.ed. 7th 2004 Saunders USA.
[4]. Hund, E., Massart, D.L,andSmeyers-Verbeke, J. (2000). Inter-laboratory studies in analytical chemistry. AnalyticaChimicaActaVol 432. p. 145–657).
[5]. Westgard, J.O. (2010). Managing quality vs. measuring uncertainty in the medical laboratory. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine.vol 28 p. 31–40.

Abstract: Half-sandwich ruthenium complexes, [(η6- C6H5CH3)RuCl(N,N]PF6 where (N,N) = 5,5-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine ,4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine and 2,2'-bipyridine were prepared by reacting [(η6- C6H5CH3)Ru(μ-Cl)Cl]2 dimer with the N,N'-bidentate ligands in a 1:2 ratio. Characterization of the complexes was done using 1H NMR, elemental analyses, IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Electrochemical properties of the complexes were determined by cyclic voltammetry. Antimicrobial activities of the complexes and respective ligands were tested against drug resistant Gram-negative Escherichia coli ATCC 11775 and drug susceptible Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12600. Some of the synthesized mononuclear ruthenium complexes demonstrated good potential antimicrobial activities against the selected bacteria tested with some showing better activity than well-known antibiotics such as streptomycin (S-10).

Keywords: Ruthenium, half-sandwich, antimicrobial susceptibility, electrochemical, bipyridine ligands.

[1]. Marchetti F, Pettinari C, Pettinari R, Cerquetella A, Di Nicola C, Macchioni A, Zuccaccia D, Monari M and Piccinelli F. (2008). Synthesis and intramolecular and interionic structural characterization of half-sandwich (arene) ruthenium (II) derivatives of bis (pyrazolyl) alkanes. Inorganic chemistry, 47: 11593-11603.
[2]. Kumar P, Singh A K, Pandey R, Li P-Z, Singh S K, Xu Q and Pandey D S (2010). Synthesis, characterization and reactivity of arene ruthenium compounds based on 2, 2′-dipyridylamine and di-2-pyridylbenzylamine and their applications in catalytic hydrogen transfer of ketones. Organometallic Chemistry, 695: 2205-2212.
[3]. Prakash OM, Sharma KN, Joshi H, Gupta PL,Singh AK (2013). Half sandwich complexes of chalcogenated pyridine based bi-(N, S/Se) and terdentate (N, S/Se, and N) ligands with (η 6-benzene) ruthenium (ii): synthesis, structure and catalysis of transfer hydrogenation of ketones and oxidation of alcohols. Dalton Transactions, 42: 8736-8747.
[4]. Pradhumn S,Ajai KS(2010) Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones and Catalytic Oxidation of Alcohols with Half-Sandwich Complexes of Ruthenium(II) Designed Using Benzene and Tridentate (S, N, E) Type Ligands (E = S, Se, Te).Organometallics,29,6433-6442
[5]. Gichumbi JM, Friedrich HB, Omondi B (2016a). Synthesis and characterization of piano-stool ruthenium complexes with N, N′-pyridine imine bidentate ligands and their application in styrene oxidation. Organometallic Chemistry, 808: 87-96. 28 p. 31–40.

Abstract: Backgrounds: The metabolic syndrome (MBS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors associated with excess of fat. The MBS is more common among women in PCOS than in normal women particularly in those with hyperinsulinemia and obesity. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its main determinants in women with PCOS. Methods: Hundred women, 50 with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and 50 ages matched normal women served as a control. A prospective observational study was conducted in the age groups of 17-40 years in the gynaecological OPD in two tertiary..........

Keywords: metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovarian syndrome, hyperinsulinemia, prevalence

[1]. Knochenhauer ES, Key TJ, Kahsar-Miller M, Waggoner W, Boots LR, Aziz R. Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected black and white women of south-eastern United States: a prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83(9):3078-82
[2]. The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM- sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Human Reproduction, 2004:19(1):41-7
[3]. Anderson PJ, Critchley JAJH, Chan JCN, Cockram CS, Lee JSK, Thomas GN et al. Factor analysis of the metabolic syndrome: obesity vs. insulin resistance as the central abnormality. Int J Obes Related Metab Disord 2001; 25(12):1782-88
[4]. Nesto RW. The relation of insulin resistance syndrome to risk of cardiovascular disease. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2003;4(6):S11-18
[5]. Carr DB, Utzscneither KM, Hull RL. Intra-abdominal fat is a major determinant of the national cholesterol education program adult treatment panel III criteria for the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes 2004; 53(8):2087-94

Abstract: Soil contamination by heavy metal poses threat to the environment and renders the land less valuable. The heavy metal speciation in a Pb-Zn mine soil of Enyigba in Ebonyi State has been studied using Varian AA240 Spectrophotometry.A five-step sequential extraction procedure adopted by Tessier, Campbell and Bisson was modified for the extraction of the various fractions of the metal. Results obtained showed that total heavy metals assayed were all higher than the WHO recommended limit in soil except Cu (1.79ppm) which is within the WHO limit of 2.00ppm. The highest concentration of Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, As, Cd, and Cr were obtained in the residual (F5) fraction, 20.04, 11.68, 20.32, 0.68, 19.54, 0.70 and 0.56 respectively. While Fe has the highest concentration in the exchangeable fraction (66.24)..

Keywords: Heavy metal, Enyigba Lead-Zinc Mine, Soil3

[1]. Abollino, O., Aceto, M., Malandrino, M., Mentasticstic, E., Sarzanini, C. and Petralla F. (2002) Heavy metals in agricultural soils from Piedmont, Italy: Distribution, speciation and chemometric data treatment. Chemosphere, 49, 545– 557.
[2]. Ajiwe, V.I.E, Chukwujindu, K.C, Chukwujindu, C.N. (2018). Heavy Metals Concentration in Cassava Tubers and Leaves froma Galena Mining Area inIshiagu, IVO L.G.A ofEbonyi State Nigeria. Journal of Applied Chemistry. Volume 11, Issue 3 Ver. I (March. 2018), PP 54-58
[3]. Alam, M. G., Snow, E. T., & Tanaka, A. (2003). Arsenic and heavy metal contamination of vegetables grown in Santa village, Bangladesh. Science of the Total Environment, 308, 83-96.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00651-4
[4]. Broughriet, A., Proix, N., Billon, G., Recourt, P. and Quddane, B. (2007) Environmental impacts of heavy metals discharges from a swelter in Deule-cannal Sediments (Northern France): concentration levels and chemical fractionation. Water, Air Soil Pollut., 180, 83 – 95.
[5]. Duffins, J.H. ―Heavy Metals‖-A meaningless term? IUPAC Technical Report Pure and Applied Chemistry, (2002): 72(5): 793-807.

Abstract: Groundwater is water that occupies voids, cracks or other spaces between particles of clay, silt, sand, gravel or rock within the saturated zone of a geologic formation. This study assesses the direction of groundwater flow from hand-dug wells and their physio-chemical parameters of Igbo-Ora, Ibarapa Central Local Government Area Oyo State, Nigeria. The assessment covered both the wet (June - July, 2010) seasons and dry (December, 2009 - January, 2010) for evaluation of extremes. Physical and chemical parameters analyzed for included (pH), (EC), Alkality, hardness, (Cl-), (SO42-), (Mg 2+), (Ca2+), (HCO3-), (Na+), (K+) and temperature. Fifty samples were collected in hand dug wells along different direction with 50 units of Sterilised 1 Litre plastic bottles. The spatial location..........

Keywords: Chemical Parameters, Groundwater, significant level, spatial location

[1]. O. A. Idowu, O. Ajayi, and O. Martins, "Occurrence of groundwater in parts of the Dahomey basin, Southwestern Nigeria". Journal of Mining and Geology; Vol. 35 (2), (1999) pp 229 – 236
[2]. E. O. Orebiyi, J. A.Awomeso, J. A. Oyedepo, "Assessment of bacteria pollution of shallow well water in Abeokuta, South-western Nigeria". ASSET Series B, (2007) Pp 59 – 65.
[3]. I. M. Adekunle, M. T. Adetunji, A. M. Gbadebo, and O. B. Banjoko, "Assessment of groundwater quality in a typical rural settlement in Southwest Nigeria". International Journal of Environmental Resources and Public Health (2007), 4(4) Pp 307 – 318.
[4]. O. I. Asubiojo, N. A. Nkono, A. O. Ogunsua, A. F. Oluwole, N. I. Ward, O. A. Akanle, and N. M. Spyrou, "Trace elements in drinking and groundwater samples in southern Nigeria". The Science of the Total Environment, 208, (1997) 1-8.
[5]. S. Malomo, V. A. Okufarasin, M. A. Olorunniwo, A. A. Omode, Groundwater chemistry of weathered zone aquifers of an area underlain by basement complex rocks. J. of African earth Sciences, 11, (1990) 357 -371..

Abstract: Heavy metal concentration in yam and cassava tubers from Enyigba Lead-Zinc mining site in South Eastern Nigeria has been studied. Results obtained were compared with those from control site where there is no mining activity. This study analysed the presence of Zn, Pb, Fe, Mn, Cu, As, Cd, Cr and Ni on cassava and yam tubers from contaminated soil caused by Lead-Zinc miningusing Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (Buck Scientific 210 VGP model).The metal concentrations in both yam and cassava samples are all above the WHO permissible limits from both affected locations except Chromium metal which falls within the WHO permissible/consumable limit.The variations of the level of heavy metals in cassava and yam tubers were analysed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) in excel, at 0.05 significance levels (p<0.05)..

Keywords: Heavy Metal, Yam tuber, Cassava Tuber, Lead-Zinc Mine

[1]. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry [ATSDR]. (1994). Toxicological Profile for Zinc and Cobalt. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. 205-88-0608.
[2]. Ajiwe, V.I.E, Chukwujindu, K.C and Chukwujindu, C.N. (2018). Heavy Metals Concentration in Cassava Tubers and Leaves froma Galena Mining Area inIshiagu, IVO L.G.A of Ebonyi State Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry. Volume 11, Issue 3 Ver. I (March. 2018), PP 54-58
[3]. Baker, A. J, Megrath, S. P, Reeves, M and Smith, J. A. (2000). Metal accumulator review of the ecology and physiology of a biological resource for phytoremediation of metal polluted soils.
[4]. Demirezen, D., & Ahmet, A. (2006). Heavy metal levels in vegetables in turkey are within safe limits for Cu, Zn, Ni and exceeded for Cd and Pb. J. Food Qual., 29, 252-265.
[5]. Ezeh, H.N., Chukwu, E. Small Scale mining and heavy metals pollution of agricultural soils: The case of Ishiagu mining district, south eastern Nigeria, Journal of Geology and Mining Research, (2011):3 (4): 87-104..

Abstract: Now-a-days dealing with career plateauing has become a severe issue for both plateaued employees and human resources practitioners. Career plateau is a point of a person's career life where the likelihood of being promoted further is low. I have done a survey on employees of different private organizations to identify the effects of perceived career plateau on their work-related attitudes.Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire from a sample of 200 employees working in 20 private organizations located in Dhaka city. 40 employees' personally interviewed and other 160 employees were surveyed thorough e-mail and social network sites. A quantitative approach has been taken to analyze the data It is found that career plateau may be caused by four factors: organization's hierarchical.........

Keywords: career plateau, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intentions, work attitudes

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[4]. Carlson, D.S. and Rotondo, D.M. (2001) "Difference in promotion stress across career stage and orientation". Human Resource Management, 40(2): pp. 99-110.
[5]. Clay, Y.W., Aryee, S., & Chew, I. (1995), "Career plateauing: reactions and moderators among managerial and professional employees", International Journal of HumanResource Management, Vol. 6, No.1, pp.61-78..

Abstract: 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DCDMH) hydrolysed of this compounds leads to the formation of active positive halogen species like HOCl and H2O+Cl. The H2O+Cl in non-polar or less polar media, extensively used as a chlorinating and oxidizing agents in organic substrate. The rate of reaction is enhanced by the increasing [H+] and percentage of acetic acid. The main product of the oxidation is corresponding aldehydes. The thermodynamic parameters for the oxidation have been computed in the show step mechanism. The observed rate law was in good conformity with the mechanism.

Keywords: Conformity, decarboxylation, consistent, deamination.

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