iosr-JRME   Volume-3 ~ Issue-1

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Best Split-Half and Maximum Reliability
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Satyendra Nath Chakrabartty
	:	10.9790/7388-0310108

Abstract: The paper addresses an iterative method by which a test can be dichotomized in parallel halves and ensures maximum split-half reliability. The method assumes availability of data on scores of binary items. Since, it was aiming at splitting a test in parallel halves, no assumption was made regarding form or availability of reference test. Empirical verification is also provided. Other properties of the iterative methods discussed. New measures of degree of parallelism given. Simultaneous testing of single multidimensional hypothesis of equality of mean, variance and correlation of parallel tests can also be carried out by testing equality of regression lines of test scores on scores of each of the parallel halves, ANOVA or by Mahalanobis𝐷2. The iterative method can be extended to find split-half reliability of a battery of tests. The method thus provides answer to much needed question of splitting a test uniquely in parallel halves ensuring maximum value of the split-half reliability. The method may be adopted while reporting a test.

Key words: Split-half reliability, Parallel tests, Dichotomization, Battery of tests

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Critical Discourse Analysis and Educational Research
Country	:	China
Authors	:	Nasir. H. S. Bukhari, Dr. Wang Xiaoyang
	:	10.9790/7388-0310917

Abstract: In late 1970s a group of linguists and literary theorists at the University of East Angelia played a pivotal role in developing critical linguistics (Fowler et. al., 1979; Kress & Hodges, 1979). CL was based on Halliday's Systematic Functional Linguistics (SFL). The Critical Linguists began to use CL as research tool (Fowler et. al., 1979; Fowler, 1991).CDA stemmed out from CL. Van Djik, Wodak, Leeuwen and Norman Fairclough are significant protagonists of CDA approach. Review of literature reveals that different models of CDA have come forth such as Van Djik (Socio-Cognitive Model), Wodak (Discourse Sociolinguistic), Leeuwen (Social Semiotics Model) and Fairclough(Critical Discourse Analysis). CDA is used to analyze the written and spoken texts to explore the discursive sources of power, dominance inequality and bias. It systematically explore the opaque relationships. The historical descriptive research methodology was used for this study. This paper aimed to review the literature related to CDA and its development and to find the answer of the question whether could we use CDA in educational research? The study revealed that CDA is an emerging approach and methodology that has successfully attracted the attention of researchers interested in carrying out research on the relationship between superstructures and social issues.

Keywords: Critical Linguists (CL), Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), Discursive Practices, Educational Policies, Semiotics.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The benefits of comparing solution methods in solving equations
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Zuya Habila Elisha
	:	10.9790/7388-0311823

Abstract: This study, which was experimental, investigated the benefits of comparing multiple solution methods in solving one and two-steps linear equations. The participants were 64 students from a private secondary school in the metropolitan area of Bauchi, Bauchi State of Nigeria. The students were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. After pretest administration, there was an intervention for three days and on the fourth day the posttest was administered. The students learnt about solving equations either by comparing and contrasting solution methods or by reflecting on the same solution methods one at a time. The study revealed that students in the experimental group benefited more than those in the control group. At posttest, students in the experimental group had greater gains in procedural knowledge and flexibility knowledge than those in the control group. The findings of the study suggest that the method of comparing and contrasting solution methods can be an effective method in the mathematics classroom.

Keywords: Conceptual knowledge, Procedural knowledge, Mathematics education, Learning process, Flexibility knowledge

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Model of Learning Information and Communication Technology based; Study of Learning Islamic Educationat Senior High School 4 Kendari
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Zulkifli M.
	:	10.9790/7388-0312427

Abstract: The aim of this research is to produce a model of Learning Islamic Education (LIE/PAI) information and communication technology based that is valid, practical and effective in Senior High School (SHS/SMA) 4 Kendari. This research using a method of research and development in education. This research concludes that results validation book model of PAI, the syllabus, Implementation Plan of Learning (RPP), PAI material for teachers and students, slide presentation, Student worksheet (SW/LKS), instructions using a model ( teachers and students ) and evaluation of study result of the obtained average value of over 3 that meant something very valid. In the II trial against components of syntax direct teaching, social interactions/socialsystem and principle reaction indicates that the components of the fulfillment of the system entirely except for supporting a device of learning. Learning management in class on trial II show that any preliminary activity of learning core, activities, activity covering/end, and the whole class accomplished with a rate reached 3.21. In on it, the results also indicated that there are differences achievement learning PAI information and communication technology based significantly between trial I with the trial II against graders XI Natural Science (NS/IPA) and social studies (SS/IPS). Keywords: Model of Learning, Information and Communication Technology

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