iosr-JRME   Volume-1 ~ Issue-5

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An Investigation into the Relevance of Present M.Ed. Curriculum in the Universities of Chhattisgarh State
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mr. Jubraj Khamari, Dr. S. N. Mahapatra
	:	10.9790/7388-0150108

Abstract: "Curriculum can be conceived as experience organized through language into patterns of thoughts (or structures of concepts) thus creating meaning, which in turn helps us understand the world we live in."To make the proposed paradigm shift a reality, NCF – 2005 rightly felt and came out with curricular and process oriented changes in teacher education. Keeping this nature and vision in view, NCERT, in collaboration with NCTE, developed a draft curriculum for teacher education largely reflecting the NCF-2005 philosophy of schooling and teacher development. The draft Curriculum framework developed by the NCTE in 2006, collaboration with the NCERT, has shown numerous concerns for the re-structuring of teacher education curriculum. As is generally the tendency with our experts the report of framework is overloaded with concerns, resulting suggestions and their implementation. At the same time there are many new ideas, which, if implemented, will bring about a change for the modernization of curriculum content. Researcher feels more and more about the curriculum of teacher educators (M.Ed. Scholars) in the universities of Chhattisgarh state in the present context. Hence researcher states the problem.

Keywords: The Chhattsgarh state, the present M.Ed. curriculum, The relevance, The Universities

[1] Best, John & Prentice, W.,( 1978).Research in Education, New Delhi: Hall of India
[2] Rawat D.S., (1970). Measurement Evaluation and Stastics in education, New Delhi, New Raj Book Depot.
[3] M.Ed. Examination 2008-2013 Courses of study M.Ed. Examination, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur Chhattisgarh.
[4] M.Ed. Examination 2008-2013 Courses of study M.Ed. Examination, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur Chhattisgarh.
[5] T.E. & S.C.E.R.T. 2008-2013 Prospectus & rules for admission into B.Ed. & M.Ed. Courses, Director Teacher Education & State Council of Education Research and Training, Raipur Chhattisgarh.
[6] R.I.E. Bhopal 2008 Development of Teacher Education Curriculum (B.Ed. & M.Ed.) 2008 Regional Institute of Education Shyamla Hill Bhopal N.C.T.E. (M.P.).
[7] Dr. Greta J.S. Changing contacts, structures and Concern in teacher education N.C.T.E. Bhopal 155,Aradhna Nagar- 462003 (M.P.).
[8] Dr. Ramesh Babu 2007 Participatory Teacher Education for constructivist class room National Curriculum Frame work 2005. N.C.T.E. Bhopal (M.P.).
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Novel Geometrical Approach to Learn the Actions of Extraocular Muscles
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Jyothilakshmi.T. K., Gautham.B. V., Sarala H. S.
	:	10.9790/7388-0150911

Abstract: The actions of the individual extra ocular muscles are best explained to medical students in a lecture format by showing the relationship of each muscle to the axes of the globe and the walls of the bony orbit. The lateral and medial rectus muscles cross only the vertical axis, and consequently, cause only abduction and adduction, respectively. In contrast, the superior and inferior oblique and rectus muscles cross all three axes (vertical, horizontal, and anteroposterior) of the globe. Therefore, concentric contraction of each of these muscles results in three movements; abduction or adduction, elevation or depression, and intorsion or extorsion. The purpose of this article is to present a method of computing the action of each of the extra ocular muscles with reference to the three cardinal axes, for the primary as well as for the secondary positions of the eyeball.

Keywords: Extra ocular muscles, eye movements, dimensional action

[1]. The action of the extraocular muscles, a method of vector analysis with computations by William E. Krewson, 3rd, M.D.
[2]. Listing's law: clinical significance and implications for neurological control, Wong AMF,surv Ophthalmol 2004 (49):563-575
[3]. Current concepts of mechanical and neural factors in ocular motility, Joseph L.Demer,curr opin Neurol 2006(19); 4-13

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Constraints to Effective Implementation of Elements of Special Education Curriculum in Teacher Preparation Programme in Nigeria: A Case Study of Colleges of Education
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Eleri, N. O. E.
	:	10.9790/7388-0151216

Abstract: TThe need to empower pre-service teachers with knowledge and skills for teaching exceptional learners in regular classrooms led to the introduction of element of special education curriculum into the Nigerian teacher preparation programmes. The extent to which the curriculum is being implemented towards the achievement of its objectives has however, continued to raise concerns among educators. One of the problems is the fact that this curriculum is being implemented by unqualified lecturers. This study therefore, examined the constraints to effective implementation of elements of special education curriculum in colleges of education in Nigeria. The study adopted the expost-facto type of the descriptive survey design. Out of the 99 NCE awarding institutions in Nigeria, 98 institutions were purposively selected based on the single criteria that they do not offer special education as a major discipline. 217 lecturers teaching contents of element of special education were purposively selected for the study. One instrument was used in this study, that is: questionnaire on the problems of curriculum implementation (QOPCI) with a reliability index as 0.88. Each of the institutions had an average of four experienced lecturers who were academically but not professionally qualified to teach elements of special education. Most of the required facilities were not available (<1.50), not adequate (=<1.50) and not utilized ( =<2.00). Most lecturers (54.5 to 96.3%) did not teach some of the specified content areas. Findings also showed that various aspects of classroom were ineffective (means range from 2.08 to 2.63).The weakness in the implementation of the elements of special education curriculum has been identified for the purpose of improvement. Towards effective special education teacher preparation in Nigeria, government should employ professionally qualified personnel and provide adequate facilities towards achievements of the objectives of the curriculum. Keywords: Constraints, Implementation, Elements of Special Education, Teacher Prparation

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Experiences of School Development Associations in Zimbabwe: A case of Bulawayo Metropolitan High Density Secondary Schools.
Country	:	Zimbabwe
Authors	:	Dr. Onias Mafa, Ms. Lilian Nyathi
	:	10.9790/7388-0151722

Abstract: In recent years, Zimbabweans have witnessed increased participation of parents and guardians through School Development Associations (SDAs) in the management of school development affairs. Several SDAs have constructed classrooms, computer laboratories and bought schools computers, school cars and buses. In almost all the public schools, SDAs are responsible for paying incentives – an allowance paid to teachers over and above their monthly salaries to cushion them from a depressed economy. However, SDAs activities have not always been smooth sailing. The purpose of this study was to explore the activities of SDAs, unmask the challenges they experience and suggest strategies to enhance the smooth operation of the SDAs. Ten school heads and ten SDA chairpersons who were purposively sampled formed the study sample. Data were generated through interviews. Major conclusions were that: the main challenges faced by SDAs in developing schools were inadequate financial resources; political interference; increasing numbers of vulnerable children and orphans and low qualifications of some of the SDA executive members. Recommendations included: capacitating SDA executive members through workshops; auditing of SDA funds by government auditors; stipulating the minimum qualifications of parents and guardians who should hold offices in SDAs and encouraging parents and guardians to attend SDA meetings and support SDA activities.

Key words: School Development Associations, Challenges, Secondary Schools, High Density.

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