iosr-JNHS   Volume-2 ~ Issue-2

Abstract: Immunization is one of the world's most cost-effective health interventions that helps prevent childhood diseases. However, many infants are not usually fully vaccinated especially in developing countries. This contributes to mortality Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (VPD) in children. This study examines factors influencing compliance with immunization regimen among nursing mothers in Moniya Community Ibadan, Nigeria. stress.

Keywords: Compliance, Immunization Regimen, Vaccine-Preventable Diseases.

[1]. Federal Government of Nigeria, Federal Ministry of Health and National Programme on Immunization (2004). 5 years National Strategic Plan. 2004-2008 Abuja FGN.
[2]. Babalola S 2011. Maternal reasons for non-immunization and partial immunization in northern Nigeria. Journal of Pediatric and Child Health. 47(5):276-81
[3]. United Nation's Development Programme (UNDP) (2004). Human Development Report. New York.
[4]. World Health Organization (2005). An Evaluation of Infant Immunization in Africa a Transformation in Progress 6. Vol. (85) 421-500. Geneva.
[5]. World Health Organization (2010). Bulletin of the World Health Organization. Vol. (5). 210-350 Geneva.
[6]. United Nation's Children's Fund (UNICEF) (2002). Evaluation Report NGR 2002/2004 National Review of the National Programme on Immunization in Nigeria.
[7]. Smith and Marrow, (2003). Risk Factors for Delay in Age-appropriate Vaccination. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Public Health Reports, 119, 144-155. http://web.lexis-nexis.com.
[8]. Akinsola H.A. (2006) A-Z of Community Health in Medical, Nursing and Health Education Practices (2nd ed)( College Press and Publisher Limited. Mosaderin Road, Jericho GRA, Ibadan. Oyo State.)
[9]. National Population Commission (NPC) Nigeria and ICF Macro 2009. Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2008.Abuja : National Population Commission and ICF Macro
[10]. Owolabi, B. (2010). Review of Immunization Schedule in Oyo State of Nigeria by Oyo State Ministry of Health, Health System Information Unit.

Abstract: Introduction: The azygos system of veins drains most of the posterior abdominal and thoracic wall. It also receives mediastinal, bronchial and oesophageal veins. The azygos vein serves as an important channel of communication between superior and inferior venacava. The vein also communicates with the vertebral venous plexus. Materials & methods: The present study on azygos system of vein was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, SIMS. A total of 32 cadavers irrespective of age and sex were used for this study. The azygos vein was traced right from its formation. Its course in the posterior mediastinum and termination into superior venacava, any variation in the origin, termination and its tributaries such as hemi azygos and accessory hemi azygos vein was carefully observed and photographed. Results: Variation in the drainage pattern of hemi azygos and accessory hemi azygos were observed in seven specimens of which three specimens show a two way drainage of hemi azygos vein and accessory hemi azygos vein into azygos and left brachiocephalic vein.

Conclusion: Knowledge of such variations exhibiting different drainage pattern is significant during mediastinal surgeries as it may poses a potential source of haemorrhage,and aneurysm of azygos systems of veins. Such abnormal communications may also lead to misinterpretation of CT and MRI findings of posterior mediastinum.

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Abstract: Maternal health services have a potentially critical role in the improvement of reproductive health. The use of health services is related to the availability, quality and cost of the services, as well as to social structure, health beliefs and the personal characteristics of the users. Antenatal care (ANC) is an important determinant of high maternal mortality rate and one of the basic components of maternal care on which the life of mothers and babies depend. It is a key strategy for reducing maternal mortality, but millions of women in developing countries do not receive it. Extracting 3549 women from the 2006-2007 Urban Health Survey, this study assessed the utilization of antenatal care and its related factor in urban slums for pregnant women. A Cross-sectional survey was carried out large, medium and small urban squatter settlements of Dhaka City. Two hundred married women in the age range 15-49 years were interviewed. Socio-demographic characteristics of women who received and who did not receive antenatal care in their previous pregnancy were assessed by frequency distribution and bivariate analysis. Antenatal care used in any of the previous pregnancy among women under study was 861(64.3%). Education and ANC is significantly related suggesting that the higher the level of education the higher is the likelihood of receiving ANC during pregnancy because educated women are aware about the importance of ANC during pregnancy. There is a strong association between the income of the respondents and ANC received by the respondents. This study indicates that overall knowledge about antenatal care was found to be better among women who had utilized antenatal care as compared to women who did not receive antenatal care.. There is also a need to evaluate the services provided by government health facilities and to find out why women are not utilizing the government health services though these services are available at subsidized rate.

Keywords – Antenatal Care, Mortality, Maternal health, Urban, Slum

[1] A.Wagstaff and M.Claeson, The Millennium Development Goals for Health Rising to the Challenges, Washington DC: World Bank 2004.

[2] N. Chakraborty, M.A.Islam, R.I. Chowdhury, W.Bari and H.H.Akhter, Determinants of the use of maternal health services in rural Bangladesh, Health Promotion International, 18(4), 2003,327-337.

[3] World Health Organization (WHO), Maternal Mortality in 2000: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA Geneva WHO 2004.

[4] Ministry of Health and Family Planning Welfare (MOHFW), Bangladesh National Strategy for Maternal Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh: MOHFW, 2001.

[5] Z. Matthews, S, Mahendra, A. Kilaru, S Ganapathy, Antenatal care, care seeking and morbidity in rural Karnataka, India: results of a prospective study, Asia-Pacific Population Journal 16(2), 2001,11-28.

[6] WHO/UNICEF, Antenatal care in developing countries: promises, achievements and missed opportunities: an analysis of trends, levels and differentials, 1999-2001, World Health Organization, 2003,Geneva.

[7] A.M., Vanneste , C. Ronsmans, J. Chakraborty, A.A. Francisco ,Prenatal screening in rural Bangladesh: from prediction to care, Health Policy and Planning, 15(1),2000, 1-10.

[8] S.L. Gortmaker, The effects of Prenatal Care upon the Health of the Newborn, American Journal of Public Health 69,1979, 653-660.

Abstract: Quasi experimental Study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a Learning Package on competency of Primary School Teachers regarding Learning Disabilities among children. The study was conducted in a Primary School of Bhainyawala, Dehradun. Total 38 teachers were selected who met the inclusion criteria by non-probability, convenience sampling technique. Pretest was taken by structured knowledge questionnaire, attitude scale and knowledge of skill checklist followed by Learning Package and post- test was taken after 7 days which showed that mean post -test knowledge score (13.7 ±3.2) was higher than the mean pre- test knowledge score (5.4±2.6). Mean post- test Attitude score (31.9±4.7) was higher than the mean pre- test Attitude score (26.6±5.4). Mean post-test knowledge of skill scores (23.1±4.2) was higher than the mean pre-test knowledge of skill scores (17.2±6.6). After post- test the knowledge, attitude and skills of primary school teachers had increased significantly. Hence it is proved that the Learning Package improves the competency of primary school teachers regarding Learning Disabilities.

Keywords: Competency, Learning Disabilities, Learning package, Primary school teachers.

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