iosr-JMCE   Volume-8 ~ Issue-4

Abstract: Today, many manufacturing process requires that spaces to be designed to control particulate and microbial contamination while maintaining clean room facility with reasonable installation and operating costs. Clean room facilities are typically used in manufacturing, packaging and research facilities associated with these industries: Semiconductor, Pharmaceutical, Hospitals, Aerospace and Miscellaneous applications. This project deals with "Design, Installation and Commissioning of Clean room and HVAC facility for Stem cell technologies and Regenerative Medicine". In this thesis, the system design thermal loads , filtration level and cleanness, pressures produced in the constructed building by varying normal brick wall ,brick wall with attached panels are calculated..Clean rooms are designed as per ISO14644-4 guidelines to maintain proper air flow in order to used proper cleanness. The HVAC facility shall be achieved by using the equipments like Air cooled condensing unit, Air handling units and etc..As a First step towards the project, the system design load calculations will be done. Air Quantity calculation, Supply/Return air Diffusers, Return Air Risers and Terminal filters selection, Temperature, RH, Lighting and Fan requirements are as per attached design data sheets. The classes of cleanliness, filtration and other requirements are to be as per the room list, layout drawings .The minimum fresh air quantities shall be as per the basis of design above while the exhaust air quantities shall be as based on the quantities of the leakages and pressures to be maintained in the rooms and Also the leakage rates considered through the doors to be through the doors to be through a normal single leaf door or double leaf door for the suggested pressure differentials to be suitably considered.

Keywords: Clean rooms, HVAC facility, Filters, Pressures , Panels ,Temperature, Air flow rates.

[1] A. Bhatia," A BASIC DESIGN GUIDE FOR CLEAN ROOM APPLICATIONS".
[2] Roy J.Dossat,"PRINCIPLES OF REFRIGERATION SECOND EDITION".
[3] Shan K.Wang," HAND BOOOK OF AIR CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION".
[4] National Experts Organization, "STUDY MATERIAL ON EFFICIENT OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF A.C AND REFRIGERATION EQIPMENT".
[5] Carrier air conditioning, "HAND BOOK OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM DESIGN".
[6] OPERATION AND MAINTANENCE MANNUAL OF STAGE-1 A.C AND VENTILATION SYSTEM".
[7] OPERATION AND MAINTANENCE MANNUAL OF STAG-2 A.C AND VENTILATION SYSTEM".
[8] S.C.Arora and S.Domakundwar,"REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING".
[9] R.S.Kurmi and J.K.GUPTHA,"REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING".

Abstract: A leaf spring is a simple form of spring, commonly used for the suspension in wheeled vehicles. Leaf Springs are long and narrow plates attached to the frame of a trailer that rest above or below the trailer's axle. There are mono leaf springs, or single-leaf springs, that consist of simply one plate of spring steel. These are usually thick in the middle and taper out toward the end, and they don't typically offer too much strength and suspension for towed vehicles. Drivers looking to tow heavier loads typically use multi leaf springs, which consist of several leaf springs of varying length stacked on top of each other. The shorter the leaf spring, the closer to the bottom it will be, giving it the same semielliptical shape a single leaf spring gets from being thicker in the middle. The automobile industry has shown increased interest in the replacement of steel spring with fiberglass composite leaf spring due to high strength to weight ratio. In this thesis a leaf spring used in a heavy vehicle is designed. While designing leaf spring following four cases are considered: by changing the thickness, changing no. of leaves, changing camber and changing span .Present used material for leaf spring is Mild Steel. The objective of this thesis is to compare the load carrying capacity, stiffness and weight savings of composite leaf spring with that of steel leaf spring. The design constraints are stresses and deflections. In this thesis, the material is replaced with composites since they are less dense than steel and have good strength. The strength validation is done using FEA software ANSYS by structural analysis. Modal analysis is also done to determine the frequencies. Analysis is done by layer stacking method for composites by changing number of layers 3, 5, 11 and 23. The composites used are Aramid Fiber and Glass Fiber.

Keywords: Composite materials, design constrain, leaf spring, material property, and analysis..

[1]. MARK'S Calculations for mechanical design by Thomas H. Brown
[2]. Machine Design by R.S. KHURMI, J.K. GUPTA
[3]. Mechanical Engineering Design by Budynas−Nisbett.
[4]. Mechanics of Solids by T.J.Prabhu.
[5]. Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering by William D. Callister
[6]. www.google.com
[7]. AL-Qureshi, H. A. Automobile leaf springs from composite materials, Journal of Processing Technol., 2001.
[8]. K. Tanabe, T. Seino, Y. Kajio, Characteristics of Carbon/Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic Leaf Spring, 1982
[9]. Daugherty, R. L. Composite Leaf Springs in Heavy Truck Applications. K. Kawata, T.Akasaka (Eds). Composite Materials Proceedings of Japan-US Conference Tokyo,1981
[10]. R. M. Jones, Mechanics of Composite Materials. 2e, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1990.

Abstract: One of the increasing and most significant concerns with projects is that, projects are behind schedule, over budget and show unsatisfactory performance in terms of quality and customer satisfaction. Lean Thinking is important because it can reduce error rates to maximum extent. The evidence from Toyota (Japan) and other companies who have successfully implemented the Toyota Production System (TPS) or Lean Principles confirms this. It also significantly reduces the time taken to deliver new products while substantially reducing cost. This paper first introduces the general overview about Project Management and the Lean Concepts. After that, this paper presents the literature survey and then compares the traditional Project Management, the advantages or opportunities of introducing Lean Principles into Project Management with a Case study.

Keywords - Lean Project Management, Project Management, Toyota Production System

[1] Womack J., Jones D. and Roos T. (1990a), "The Origins of Lean Production", Machine That Changed the World, MacMillan-Canada, pp. 26-33.
[2] Liker, K. Jeffrey. "The Toyota Way; 14 management principles from the world‟s greatest manufacturer, McGraw-Hill 2004.
[3] Atkinson, R., 1999. Project management: Cost, time and quality, two best guesses and a phenomenon; It's time to accept other success criteria. International Journal of Project Management, 17(6), pp. 337-342.
[4] Womack, James. P., Jones, Daniel. T., (2003) Lean Thinking: Banish waste and create wealth in your corporation, 2nd ed., Simon & Schuster UK Ltd.
[5] Eric Gabriel, "Lean approach to Project Management‟ International Journal of Project Management Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 205-209, 1997
[6] Qi Shenjun, Ding Lieyun, Luo Hanbin, "Study on Integration and Management System of Schedule in Large Complex Construction Engineering Projects Based on Lean Construction‟. 978-0-7695-4115-0/10 IEEE 2010.
[7] Li Juanfang and Liu Xing "Application of Lean Construction in Quality Management of Engineering Projects‟, 978-1-4244-8694-6/11, IEEE 2011.
[8] Basit Aziz, "Improving Project Management with Lean Thinking‟ INN Division of Project, Innovation and Entrepreneurship (PIE) LIU-IEI-TEK-A--12/01272—SE.
[9] Günther Schuh, Michael Lenders, Solveigh Hieber, ‟Lean Innovation: Introducing Value Systems to Product Development‟ PICMET (2008) South Africa.
[10] Glenn Ballard and Gregory A.Howell, "Lean project management‟ Building Research & Information ISSN 0961-3218 print ⁄ISSN 1466-4321 online # 2003 Taylor & Francis Ltd.

Abstract: Fly Ash is a major issue because electricity generation in the country would remain predominantly coal-based for a couple of coming decades. Current annual production of Fly Ash is about 131MT/year and is expected to increase to 300-400 MT/year up to 2016. Some of the problems associated with Fly ash are large area of land required for disposal and toxicity. Fly ash, being treated as waste and a source of air and water pollution till recent past, is in fact a resource material and has also proven its worth over a period of time. Fly ash is having potential for gainful utilization till is put to right use. It has now emerged not only as a resource material but also as an environment savior. Though the fly ash utilization is old practices in roads & building construction, there is still hesitation to adopt fly ash as a pavement & Building material for various reasons. This paper presents different ways of using Fly ash in various Components of Road crust Construction and its subsequent environmental effects. It also discusses the Government Policy in maximizing utilization of fly ash.

Keywords: Fly ash, TPP, HVFAC, Stabilizations, CBR, Sustainability

[1] DST, MOEP & MOP, Fly ash Utilization program 2012-13, UFCA 11.
[2] J Alam & M. N. Aktar, Fly Ash Utilization in Different Sectors in India, International Journal of Emerging trends in Engineering and Development, issue 1, vol 1, Aug 2011.
[3] IS: 10153-1982, Indian Standard Guidelines for utilization and disposal of fly ash.
[4] Vashi Jigisha M, Adoption of Industrial By product fly ash as a fill material for Modern reinforced earth structures, National Work shop on Utilization of Fly ash, 123-133, 2011.
[5] U. K. Guru Vittal ,Use of fly ash in Road & Embankment Construction, National Work shop on Utilization of Fly ash, 43-55, 2011.
[6] Lime Stabilization for Sustainable Road construction at Surat, South Gujarat, National Work shop on Utilization of Fly ash, 119-122, 2011
[7] Sanjay Srivastava, Laboratory Investigation of High Performance Concrete for High Pavements.
[8] P Kumar Mehta, High-Performance, High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete for Sustainable Development, International Workshop on sustainable development and Concrete Technology.
[9] Circular by CPWD No. CDO/SE (RR)/Fly Ash (Main)/387, May 13, 2004.
[10] MORT&H. Notification No.RW/NH-33044/30/2001-S&R(R), 4th December 2003.