iosr-JMCE   Volume-8 ~ Issue-2

Abstract: In Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR), the main vessel which contains the primary sodium and supports the core is suspended from the roof slab. The materials for construction for main vessel and roof slab are type 316LN austenitic stainless steel and Carbon steel of grade A48P2, respectively. As the materials of construction are different, a transition joint between austenitic stainless steel and C-steel is necessary. In this investigation the effect of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the interfacial microstructure of as-welded and PWHTed type 316LN/C-steel joint welded with Inconel 182 was investigated. These joints were PWHTed to various temperatures between 898 to 973K for 1h and results were evaluated. From the above results, different methods to temper the martensitic structure or to change to an equilibrium structure without PWHT are also presented.

Keywords: Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT), Interfacial Microstructure, 316LN austenitic stainless steel and Carbon steel of grade A48P2.

[1] G.faber,T.Gooch, "Welded joints between stainless and low alloy steels :current position", Welding in the world vol.20, no.5/6, 1982, pp.3-10.

[2] Elmer J.W., Olson D.L., and Matlock D.K., "The thermal expansion characteristics of stainlees steel weld metal " Weld J., 61(1982) 293s-301s.

[3] A.K.Bhaduri, "Metallurgical studies for the development, characterization and evaluation of an improved transition meatal joint for steam generators", Ph.D.Thesis, Ind. Inst.Technol. Kharagpur (1990) .

[4] S.K.Albert, T.P.S.Gill, A.K.Tyagi, S.L.Mannan and P.Rodriguez, "Soft zone formation in dissimilar metal welds" (Conf. Proc) Welding in power plants , 1994, P.25-37.

[5] J.F.King, M.D.Sullivan and G.M.Slaughtrer, "Development of an improved stainless steel to ferritic steel transition joint", Welding journal, pp.354-358 (1977).

[6] Bailey N. "Review of metallurgical problems in dissimilar metal welding" , In . Proc. Welding Inst .Conf. Welding Dissimilar Metals, ed. N.Bailey, Cambridge, 1986, pp.1-6.

Abstract: In this paper, the effect of load, Velocity of sliding and sliding distance on friction and wear of materials made of Polytetrafluoroethylele (PTFE) and PTFE composites under wet condition with filler materials such as 25% bronze, 25% glass fiber and 25 % carbon have studied. The experimental work has performed on pin-on-disc friction and wear test rig and analyzed with the help of Design Expert software. The results of experiments are presented in tables and graphs which shows that the addition of bronze, glass and carbon filler to the virgin PTFE decreases wear rate significantly and there is marginal increase in coefficient of friction. The highest wear resistance was found for 25% carbon filled PTFE followed by 25% glass filled PTFE, 25% bronze filled PTFE and virgin PTFE. Through this study, we can develop the best bearing material for the various industrial applications which is available easily at the minimum cost.

Keywords: Design of Experiments, Friction, Pin-on-Disc, Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Wear

[1] Meigin Shi, F. Miyazawa, S. Tobe, T.A. Stolarski, "The friction and wear properties of PTFE composite- Thermal spray metallic binary coatings", Material transactions, Vol. 46, No. 1(2005) pp. 84-87.
[2] S.Basavarajappay and G.Chandramohan, "Wear studies on metal matrix composites: A Taguchi Approach", J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 21 (2005) pp. 845-850.
[3] Deepak D. Bagale, "Wear analysis of PTFE and its composites under dry conditions using design expert", ME dissertation, SSBT‟s COET, Bambhori, Jalgaon, 2011-12.
[4] Jaydeep Khedkar, Ioan Negulescu and Efstathios I. Meletis, "Sliding wear behavior of PTFE composites", Wear 252 (2002) pp. 361–369.
[5] H. Unal, A. Mimaroglu, U. Kadıoglu, H. Ekiz, "Sliding friction and wear behaviour of polytetrafluroethylene and its composites under dry conditions", Materials and Design 25 (2004) pp. 239-245.
[6] V.B.Raka, "Tribological behaviour of PTFE and its composites", Innovations in Mechanical Engineering (IME‟ 10) (2010) pp.148-155.
[7] D.S.Bajaj, G.J.Vikhe, Y.R.Kharde, "An investigation of tribological behavior of PTFE+ glass fiber against variable surface roughness of counter surface", Indian Journal of Tribology 3 (2008) pp. 47-54.

Abstract: Front Under run Protection Device is tested for car occupant safety by performing Crash analysis with 800 kg (mass of the car) hitting the Front Underrun Protection Device with certain velocity and analyzing its performance and changing design to improve the crash results. Optimization is carried out to improve the crash results for safety of passenger. To reduce number of iterations during the development process, the computational simulation method is used in Front Underrun Protection Device analysis for impact loading. An explicit finite element code like LS Dyna is used for the simulation. This paper explains the FE analysis of Front Underrun Protection Device for impact loading. All the results obtained from the CAE analysis are evaluated against the requirements of IS 14812-2005 which could reduce the process development time and cost. Unigraphics(NX.8) for modeling Front Underrun Protection Device and Preprocessing in Hypermesh and LS DYNA for Crash Analysis (solving), results are viewed in Hyper view.Altair Optistruct is used for weight reduction and change in design of Front under run protection device.

Keywords: Under-run Protection Device, LS Dyna, CAE Analysis, Topology Optimization, Altair Hypermesh.

[1] Jim Anderson CIC, Cranfield Impact Centre, UK, Johann Gwehenberger GDV, Institute for Vehicle Safety, Munich, DE, JenöBende GDV, Institute for Vehicle Safety, Munich, DE FlorisLeneman TNO Automotive, NL "Truck/Trailer Compatibility with Cars and Related Topics from VC-COMPAT"

[2] Matej Glavac, Univ.Dipl.-Ing., Prof. Dr. Zoran Ren University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering "Computational Approval for Rear Under Run Protection Device with MSC. Nastran" 2001126

[3] "Safety inspection of rear underrun protection device in Slovenia (No. 58.01)", Uradni list RepublikeSlovenije, No. 3, 20.1.1995, p. 182-183

[4] Liu Hong-Fei and Peng Tao Xu Hong-Guo, Tan Li-dong and Su Li-li College of Transportation University of Jilin, Changchun, Jilin province, China "Research on the Intelligent Rear Under-run Protection System for Trucks" Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation July 6-9 2010, Jinan, China

[5] Kaustubh Joshi, T.A. Jadhav, Ashok Joshi "Finite Element Analysis of Rear Under-Run Protection Device (RUPD) for Impact Loading" International Journal of Engineering Research and Development ISSN: 2278- 067X, Volume 1, Issue 7 (June 2012), PP.19-26 www.ijerd.com

[6] Zou R., Rechnitzer G., Grzebieta R. "Simulation of Truck Rear Underrun Barrier Impact", 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Amsterdam, June 4-7, 2001.

[7] Muxi LEI,Zhengbao LEI, Shubin WEI,YonghanLI "Geometry optimization design for crank-slider-CST type low rear protection device of truck"978-1-61284-459-6/11/©2011 IEEE [8] Nitin S Gokhale "Practical Finite Element Analysis" Finite to infinite,Pune.

[9]. Bjornstig J, Bjornstig Ulf, Eriksson A, "Passenger car collision fatalities - With special emphasis on collision with heavy vehicles", Accident Analysis and Prevention 2008, P 158-166.

Abstract: The demand for consumption of petroleum products increased with vehicles population.For addressing the present problem we discussed alternate fuel. Moreover, the alternate fuel must be produced in such a manner that it can be used directly in present engines without much engine modifications. Edible and non-edible oils are the main source for alternate fuel. In this paper we have discussed the performance characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with mahua oil using additive. Due to high viscosity and low volatility of non-edible oils their prolonged use is not advisable. These problems can be minimised by the transesterification process which is a reaction of triglyceride and alcohol in presence of a catalyst to produce mono alkyl ester which is known as biodiesel and glycerol .The biodiesel was blended with additive in various proportions to prepare a number of test fuels which are tested on a diesel engine to studyvarious parameters like carbon residue, fire point, flash point, viscosity, pour point, cloud point, cetane index etc. and compare those with that of diesel . The result shows biodiesel with 10% additive (Dimethyl carbonate) is best suited for diesel engine. Keywords:-Mahua oil, Diesel, Additive, Transesterification, Engine performance

[1] R. K. Pandey, A. Rehman, R.M. Sarviya and S. Dixit, Development of clean burning fuel for compression ignition engines, Asian J. exp. Sci, 23(1), 223-234, 2009
[2] R.K Singh and S.K Padhi, Characterization of jathropa oil for the preparation of biodiesel, Natural product radiance, 8(2), 127-132, 2009
[3] H.Mulimani, Dr. O.D. Hebbal and M. C. Navindgi, Extraction of biodiesel from vegetable oil and their comparisons, International journal of advance scientific research and technology, 2(2), 242-250, 2012
[4] S. K Padhi and R. K. Singh, Non-edible oil as the potential source for the production of biodiesel in india: A review, J. Chem. phar. Res., 3(2), 39-49, 2011
[5] B.K Mishra and Dr. R. Kumar, The production of biodegradable fuel from non-edible oil seed in India: A Review, IOSR journal of applied chemistry, 1(1), 43-46, 2012
[6] P.P. Sonune and H.S. Farkade, Performance and emission of C.I engine fuelled with pre heated vegetable oil and its blend: A Review, International journal of engineering and innovative technology, 2(3), 123-127, 2012
[7] M.R. Heyderiazad, R. Khatibinasab, S. Givtaj and S. J. AmadiChatabi, Biofuels production process and the net effect of biomass energy production on the environment, World renewable energy congress, 524-529, 2011
[8] M. Pugazhvadivu and G. Sankaranarayana, Experimental studies on a diesel engine using mahua oil as fuel, Indian journal of science and technology, 3(7), 787-791, 2010
[9] A.F. Sherwani, A.K Yadav and M. W. Karimi, Experimental study on the performance and emission characteristics of a four stroke diesel engine running with mahua oil methyl ester, 2(2315-4721), 80-84, 2013
[10] N. Shrivastava, S.N Varma and M. Pandey, Experimental study on the production of karanja oil methyl ester and its effect on diesel engine, Int. journal of renewable energy developement, 1(3), 115-122, 2012