iosr-JMCE   Volume-6 ~ Issue-4

Abstract: Reduced beam section (RBS) is one of the several connection types, which is economical and popular for use in new steel moment frame structures in seismic zone. To form RBS connection, some portion of the beam flanges at a short distance from column face is purposefully trimmed so that the yielding and plastic hinge occurs within this area of flanges. Use of RBS connection is found advantageous due to: a) the shear force in the panel zone is reduced; b) the force demand in column continuity plates i.e. stiffeners are reduced; and c) strong-column – weak-beam requirement is satisfied. Although, radius cut RBS is qualified by ANSI/AISC, FEMA codes, various flange cut shapes like constant, tapered, radius cut, drilled holes are possible to reduce the cross sectional area of beam flanges. The purpose of this study is to understand behavior of RBS beam-to-column moment connections for various flange cut geometries. This document represents nonlinear finite element analysis of the connection models performed using the computer program, ANSYS/Multiphysics

Keywords - Steel structures, steel connections, reduced beam section, RBS profiles

[1]. Farzad Naeim (ed), Seismic Design Handbook 2ndedn. (Kluwer Acedemic Publishers Group, USA, 2001).
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[3]. M. Nakashima, P.Chusilp, A partial view of Japanese post-Kobe seismic design and construction practices. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology, (4), 1998, 1-13.
[4]. A. Plumier, New idea for safe structure in seismic zone, In: Proceedings of IABSE symposium on mixed structures including new materials, 1990, 431-36.
[5]. Plumier et al. Patent No. 5148642, USA, 1992.
[6]. FEMA-355D, State of the Art Report on Connection Performance. Roeder C, Team Leader. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC, 2000.
[7]. K. S. Moore, J. O. Malley, M. D. Engelhardt, Design of reduced beam section (RBS) moment frame connections. Steel Tips, Structural steel education council. USA, 1999.
[8]. Plumier A. General report on local ductility. Journal of Constructional Steel research 2000; 55: 91-107.
[9]. K. C. Tsai, C. Y. Chen, Performance of ductile steel beam column moment connections, 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 1996.
[10]. S. J. Lee, S. E. Han, S.Y. Noh and S. W. Shin, Deformation capacity of reduced beam section moment connection by staggered holes. 1067-1072.

Abstract: This investigation is done to study of the effect of silica fume on fly ash cement bricks. The experiments are conducted in two phases to observe the variation in properties i.e. compressive strength, density and water absorption of fly ash–cement brick. In first phase the fly ash, stone dust percentage are kept constant and cement is replaced with silica fume in different proportion, whereas in second phase, silica fume is added as a admixture in same proportion of weight of cement. The entire experimentation is done S.M. Nawle & Company fly ash – cement brick plant in Dhule. The fly ash cement - bricks are tested after 7 days, 14 days and 28 days curing in concrete material testing laboratory of the institute. The experimental results showed that in the compressive strength of fly ash cement brick decreases with increase in content of silica fumes as replacement of cement whereas increases with increase in content of silica fume as addition. The water absorption % in first phase of experimentation increases whereas in second phase of experimentation decreases.

Keywords - Bricks, Compressive Strength, Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Water Absorption.

[1]. Akhtar, J.N. et. al. (2011), "Bricks with Total Replacement of Clay by Fly Ash Mixed With Different Materials", International
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), Vol. 3, No.10 October 2011.
[2]. Gamal, A. A. (2012), "Utilization of Perlite and Foam in Cement Bricks", Journal of Applied Sciences Research, ISSN 1819-
544X.2012, 8(7), pp : 3112-3121,
[3]. Hegazy, B El-Din E. et. al. (2011), "Reuse of Water Treatment Sludge and Silica Fume in Brick Manufacturing", Journal of
American Science, 2011.
[4]. Holland, T.C. (2005), "Silica Fume User's Manual", Silica Fume Association, Federal Highway Association, FHWA-IF-05-016.
[5]. IS-12894 : 2002, "Pulverized Fuel Ash-Lime Bricks – Specification", First Revision, Bureau of Indian Standards, Manak Bhavan,
9, Bahadur Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002.
[6]. IS-3495 : 1992 (Part 1 to 4), "Method Of Testing Of Burnt Clay Building Bricks", First Revision, Bureau of Indian Standards,
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002.
[7]. IS-5454 : 1978,"Method for Sampling of Clay Building Bricks", First Revision, Bureau of Indian Standards, Manak Bhavan, 9
Bahadur Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002.
[8]. Kocak Y. (2010), "A Study on the Effect of Fly Ash and Silica Fume Substituted Cement Paste and Mortars", Scientific Research
and Essays, ISSN 1992-2248, Vol. 5(9), pp. 990-998.
[9]. Parashar, A.K. & Parashar, R. (2012), "Comparative Study of Compressive Strength of Bricks Made With Various Materials to
Clay Bricks", International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 7, July 2012.
[10]. Tabin Rushad S. et. al. (2011), "Experimental Studies on Lime-Soil-Fly Ash Bricks", International Journal of Civil and Structural
Engineering, Volume 1, No 4, 2011.

Abstract: Quality costs plays vital role in improving productivity. These costs are typically categorized into costs of prevention, appraisal, internal and external failure. Like other activities of business, quality costs can be programmed, budgeted, measured and analyzed to attain the objective of better quality at lower cost. Quality costs is the basis by which investments in quality programs may be evaluated in terms of cost improvement , profit enhancement and other benefits for plants and companies from these programs. The cost of quality is an increasingly important issue in the debates over quality. There was a mistaken notion that achievement of better quality requires higher costs. It was the myth that prevented many Indian companies to invest more on quality cost related programs. In this article the authors made an attempt to identify the different types of quality costs in a medium scale industry because the small and medium scale industries pay very little attention towards finding and developing a system for knowing & optimizing the cost of achieving quality. A model is proposed to identify the different quality costs in a medium scale industry and is further implemented. It has been found some quality costs are more critical and require greater attention.

Key words: Quality costs, Quality management, Pareto analysis, Model for optimization

[1] Ahmed Wali , Ayoob et al (2000) ," Quality Initiatives In a Manufacturing Unit : A Case Study ", Productivity Journal, Vol 41, No.2, pp210-216.
[2] Campanella J. (1999) "Quality costs Principles, implementation and use" ASQ quality press, Third edition,
[3] Deming,W.E.,(1982) Quality,productivity and compititive position", MA: MIT press,.
[4] Feigenbaum, A. V. (1983) "Total quality control", Mcgraw Hill.
[5] Gurursamy ,S.( 1998.) " Cost Of Quality- A Gateway to TQM", Productivity Journal, Vol 39, No.1, ,pp 91 — 96.
[6] Garvalia ,N.N (2003),. "Productivity Improvement Through the 5S's — A Case Study ", Industrial EngineeringJournal Vol. XXXII No. 12, December, pp 4-6.
[7] Jaju S.B.,R.R. Lakhe and R.L. Shrivastava, (2004) "Performance analysis through quality costs: A case study" Industrial engineering journal, Vol XXXIII, No. 6, pp 15-20.
[8] M.Yasin ,Mahmoud et al (1999 ) ," In search of an optimal cost of quality : an integrated framework of operational efficiency and strategic effectiveness" Journal of Engineering and technology Management ,
[9] Rao ,J.V.Prabhaker et al (2000)," Cost Leadership- A Strategy For 2000 ", Productivity Journal, Vol 41, No.2, July -September pp321-327.
[10] Schmahl K.E., Yasser Desssouky and David Rucker (1997), "Measuring the cost of quality: A case study" Production and Inventory Management, Journal, fourth quarter, pp 58-63.