iosr-JMCE   Volume-6 ~ Issue-1

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Prediction of Compressive Strength of PFA- Cement Concrete
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	L. Anyaogu, C. Chijioke , Okoye,P
	:	10.9790/1684-0610109

Abstract: This work aims at prediction of compressive strength of Pulverised Fuel ash (PFA) – cement concrete based on Osadebe's five component second- degree polynomial. The model was used to optimize the compressive strength of concrete made from, cement, Pulverised Fuel Ash, sand, granites and water. A total of ninety (90) cubes were cast, comprising three cubes for each mix ratio and a total of thirty (30) mix ratios. The first fifteen (15) were used to determine the coefficients of the model, while the other fifteen were used to validate the model. The mathematical model compared favourably with the experimental data and the predictions from the model were tested with the statistical fischer test and found to be adequate at 95% confidence level. With the model developed in this work, any desired compressive strength Pulverised Fuel Ash-cement concrete can be predicted from known mix proportions and vice versa. Keywords: Pulverised Fuel Ash; model; optimization; compressive strength; cement; concrete

[1]. Afolayan, J.O. and Alhassan , A.Y. (2010) "Durability of Concrete Containing Pulverised Fuel Ash in Aggressive Environment" . Journals of Engineering and Applied Science. Vol. 2
[2]. BS 12: (1978), "Specification for Portland cement".
[3]. Neville, A.M., (1996), "Properties of Concrete", Longman Ltd., England
[4]. Neville, A.M., and Brook, J.J.,( 1990), "Concrete Technology", Longman Ltd., Singapore
[5]. Scheffe, H. (1958), "Experiments with Mixtures", Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Ser. B., 20, 344 – 360.
[6]. Obam, S.O.(2009). "A mathematical model for Optimization of Strength of Concrete: A case study for shear modulus of Rice Husk Ash Concrete. Journal of Industrial Engineering International. Vol.5 (9) 76-84
[7]. Osadebe, N.N., (2003). "Generalized Mathematical Modelling of Compressive Strength of Normal Concrete as Multi-variate function of the Properties of its Constituents components". A paper delivered at college of Engineering, University of Nigeria Nsukka.
[8]. Uwe, B. (2010). " Pozzolans: Trash to Treasure, http:// ferrocement.net/ferro/pozzolans

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Modeling and Analysis of Support Pin for Brake Spider Fixture by Fem Using Ansys Software
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr.Yadavalli Basavaraj, Pavan Kumar B K
	:	10.9790/1684-0611015

Abstract: A fixture is designed and built to hold, support and locate every component to ensure that each is drilled or machined with accuracy and manufactured individually. A fixture can be designed for a particular job. A brake spider includes a spider body with a central opening and a slot for receiving a camshaft and bracket assembly. The brake spider is attached to axle housing via the central opening. The form to be used depends on the shape and requirement of the work piece to be machined. In the existing fixture, used for modeling brake spider component, only five components were machined per hour. In the present work, detailed study of brake spider component is carried out and design is modified to increase the productivity. The new fixture design is carried out by using CATIA V5 modeling software and it is critically evaluated for the failure of support pin component, by finite element method (FEM) using ANSYS software. This modified design is adapted in the fabrication of fixture and is tested for its productivity. It is found that there is a considerable enhancement in the productivity to seven components per hour with required accuracy.

Key Words: Fixture; support pin; ansys; brake spider; CATIA V5; FEM

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[4]. Yu Zheng, Chee-Meng Chew, "A geometric approach to automated fixture layout design", National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore(2005).
[5]. W. Li, Peigen Li, Y. Rong, "Case-based agile fixture design" School of MechanicalScience and Engineering,Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609-2280(2005), USA.
[6]. WassanaiWattanutchariya, "Bonding fixture tolerances for high-volume metal microlamination based on fin buckling and laminae misalignment behavior", (2007)
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[8]. K. Nagai, T. Yamaguchi, "Experiments on chaotic vibrations of a post-buckled beam with an axial elastic constraint", Gunma 376-8515, Japan.(2010)
[9]. SadettinOrhan, "Analysis of free and forced vibration of a cracked cantilever beam", Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kirikkale University, 71400 Kirikkale, Turkey
[10]. Rong Y, Bai Y, J Manufacturing Science Engineering, "Automated generation of fixture configuration design" Trans ASME 1997; 119(2):208–19.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Application of Artificial Neural Network (Ann) In Operation of Reservoirs
Country	:	India
Authors	:	S.S.Khare , Dr. A.R.Gajbhiye
	:	10.9790/1684-0611621

Abstract:Reservoir operation is an important element in water resources planning and management. It consists of several parameters like inflow, storage, evaporation and demands that define the operation strategies for giving a sequence of releases to meet the demands. The operating policy is a set of rules for determining the quantities of water to be stored or released or withdrawn from a reservoir or system of several reservoirs under various conditions. Reservoir operation frequently follows a conventional policy based on Guide curves (Rule curves) that prescribes reservoir releases based on limited criteria such as current storage levels, season and demands. Operating policies can be derived using system techniques such as simulation, optimisation and combination of these two. System analysis has proved to be a potential tool in the planning, operation and management of the available resources. In recent years, artificial intelligence techniques like Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have arisen as an alternative to overcome some of the limitations of traditional methods. In most of the studies, feed forward structure and the back propagation algorithm have been used to design and train the ANN models respectively. Detail analysis will be carried out to develop an ANN model for reservoir operation and assess the application potential of ANN in attaining the reservoir operation objectives compared with the conventional rule curves.

Key words: Artificial Neural Network, Back propagation, Guide curves (Rule curves), optimisation,reservoir operation, simulation

[1]. S.K.Jain, A. Das & S.K.Shrivastava (1999), "Application of ANN for reservoir inflow prediction & operation", Journal of Water planning and management, ASCE.
[2]. V.Chandramouli and H.Raman (2001), "Multireservoir modelling with dynamic programming and neural networks", Journal of Water planning and management, ASCE.
[3]. Farid Sharifi, Omid Bozorg & Mahsoo Naderi (2005), "Reservoir optimal operation using dynamic programming and Artificial Neural Network ", Proceeding of sixth WSEAS Int. Conf. on evolutionary computing, Lisbon, Portugal.
[4]. Paulo Chaves and Toshiharu Kojiri (2007),"Stochastic Fuzzy Neural Network: Case Study of Optimal Reservoir Operation", Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCS.
[5]. Paulo Chaves & Fi-John Chang (2008),"Intelligent reservoir operation system based on evolving Artificial Neural Networks", Journal of Advances in Water Resources.
[6]. Amir Ali Moaven Shahidi (2009),"Evaluation of combined model of DP and Neural Networks in single reservoir operation", Journal of Applied Sciences Research.
[7]. Paresh Chandra Deka and V. Chandramouli (2009),"Fuzzy Neural Network modelling of Reservoir Operation, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCS.
[8]. Dr.Bithin Datta (2012),"Application of ANN real time optimal operation of multireservoir system, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Design of Solar Pond calculation and technique in Africa
Country	:	Thailand
Authors	:	Jerome Godwin Egbe, Ahmed Hassan Khan, Wongsakorn Wisatesajja
	:	10.9790/1684-0612232

Abstract: Extracting energy from the sun has revolutionized the global energy industry. Different literatures have been reviewed to give an appropriate theory and mathematical model for the design of solar pond in Africa.The location chosen is Cairo,Egypt due to high annual solar radiation,feasible land, and fresh water conditions and cost effective. Energy balance equations have been computed from different case studies to show the factors affecting the efficiency of the solar pond such as effect of density, temperature, solar radiation, insulation thickness and depth of different layers .Optimum conditions for the design of a solar pond have been determined such as the thickness of the upper layer should not be more than 0.3m whereas the optimum thickness of gradient zone should be1-1.5m and the storage zone should be 1-4m.The main constraints in the design of a solar pond are different heat losses.But however, different techniques have been discussed for reducing the heat losses such as black painted concrete slab and concrete walls for minimizing the bottom losses and using a polystyrene top cover for reducing evaporation losses during night, winters and autumn. This technique can be very useful for the people of Africa specially dwelling in rural areas.

Keywords: Design, Solar Pond,RenewableEnergy

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