iosr-JMCE   Volume-5 ~ Issue-5

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	"Effect Of Polluted Surface Water On Groundwater: A Case Study Of Budha Nullah"
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Gursimran Singh , Dapinder Deep Singh, Prof. S.K.Sharma
	:	10.9790/1684-0550108

Abstract: Groundwater is one of the most important natural resources. It is a major source of fresh drinking water in both the rural and urban regions. The groundwater quality, however in recent time has got deteriorated due to the percolation of polluted water in to the soils from the wastewater drains, polluted rivers and ponds. As a result its quality has not remained potable in many parts of the country. Contaminated groundwater of Mettupalayam Taluk in Tamil Nadu, Amravati River Basin of Karur District, Tamil Nadu, Eastern Uttar Pradesh are some of the example.

[1] Aradhi K.Krishna, et al. 2009. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in water using multivariate statistical technique in an industrial
area of Patancheru , Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of hazardous materials 167 (2009) 366-373.
[2] G.S Gill and Harish Arora 2010. Determinants for contamination risk zoaning of groundwater – a case study of an industrial town of
Punjab.Water availability and management in Punjab 1-24.
[3] T.Rajaram, Ashutosh Das 2008. water pollution by industrial effluents in India: Discharge scenario and case for participatory
ecosystem specific local regulation. Futures 40 (2008) 56-59.
[4] Kaushik.A, Sharma H.R, Jain. S, Dawra. J, Kaushik. C.P, (2010), Pesticide pollution of River Ghaggar in Haryana, India, Springer
Science, Environ Monit Assess, 160:61–69
[5] Gupta.D.P, Sunita and Saharanb. J.P, (2009), Physiochemical Analysis of Ground Water of Selected Area of Kaithal City (Haryana)
India, Sciencepub, 1(2):1-5.
[6] M. Jiban Singh1*, Deljo Davis, R. K. Somashekar, K. L. Prakash and K. Shivanna, (2010) Environmental isotopes investigation in
groundwater of Challaghatta valley, Bangalore: A case study, Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 4(4), pp. 226-
233.
[7] YU Weidog, DING Aizhong WU Xiaokao, (2007), Study on Relationship between Polluted River Water and Riparian Groundwater,
Journal of water science research, 296-303.
[8] Mukerjee.S and Nelliyat.P, (2006), Ground Water Pollution and Emerging Environmental Challenges Of Industrial Effluent Irrigation:
A Case Study Of Mettupalayam Taluk, Tamilnadu, IWMI-TATA Water Policy Program.
[9] M.A. Momodu and C.A. Anyakora, (2010), Heavy Metal Contamination of Ground Water: The Surulere Case Study, Research Journal Environmental and Earth Sciences 2(1): 39-43.
[10] Mohamed.A.F, Yaacob.W.Z.W, Taha.M.R and Samsudin.A.R, (2009), European Journal of Scientific Research, Vol.27 No.4 (2009), pp.628-635.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of Burnishing Process on Behavior of Engineering Materials- A Review
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Prof. Ghodake A. P., Prof. Rakhade R.D., Prof. Maheshwari A.S.
	:	10.9790/1684-0550920

Abstract: Quality of Surface is an important factor to decide the performance of a manufactured product. Surface quality affect product performance like assembly fit, aesthetic appeal that a customer might have for product. The nominal surfaces of the object are represented by perfect straight line, perfect circles, round holes, straightness and absolute perpendicularity A variety of processes are used to make the designed parts. The characteristics of surfaces includes surface texture, surface integrity which is always related with manufacturing processes for maintain quality of surfaces. For better quality surface finish the main factor is surface roughness. The lower value of roughness gives higher surface finish for the manufactured product. Now in present scenario different processes like grinding, honing, super finishing, polishing, burnishing etc are used to reduce the value of surface roughness. Burnishing is one of the processes which majorly affect the surface roughness. In conventional machining processes the tensile residual stresses are induced on the surface of material, which reduces the fatigue strength of material, this can be prevented by inducing residual compressive stresses on the surface of material. Burnishing is a cold working process in which initial asperities are compressed beyond yield strength against load. The surface of the material is progressively compressed, then plasticized as resultant stresses reach a steady maximum value and finally wiped a superfine finish. The highly finished processes find the application in aerospace and aircraft industry.

Key words: Burnishing, Methods used, Mechanical properties, Surface Roughness

[1] Adel Mahmood Hassan, "The effect of ball and roller burnishing on the surface roughness and hardness of some non ferrous metal",
Jordan Uni6ersity of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, PP-385–391, 1997
[2] Fang Jung Shiou, Chien-Hua Chen, "Freeform surface finish of plastic injection mold by using ball burnishing process", National
Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, PP-248–254,2003.
[3] U. M. Shirsat, B. B. Ahuja, "Parametric Analysis of combined turning and ball burnishing process", International journal of
engineering and material science, Vol. 11, PP-391-396, 2004
[4] H. Hamadache, L. Laouar, N. E. Zeghib, K. Chaoui, "Characteristics of Rb40 steel superficial layer under ball and roller
burnishing", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Algeria, PP-130-136, 2006.
[5] L.N. Lopez De Lacalle, A. Lamikiz. ,J. A. Sánchez, J. L. Arana, "The effect of ball burnishing on heat treated steel and inconel 718
milled surface", Int J Adv Manuf Technol, PP-958-968, 2007.
[6] Prafulla Chaudhari, GK Awari and SS Khandare, "Investigation On micro and Macro properties of ball burnished component",
VSRD-TNTJ, Vol. 2 (3),PP- 137-143, 2011.
[7] A.S. Maheshwari, U.M. Shirsat, "Optimization of Two ball burnishing process parameters to improve material properties", S.V.
National Institute of Technology, Surat – 395 007, Gujarat, India, PP-531-535, 2011.
[8] F.Gharbi, S. Sghaier, K. J. Al Fadhalah, and T. Benameur, "Effect of ball burnishing process on the surface quality and
microstructure properties of AISI 1010 steel plates", JMEPEG, Volume 20(6), 2011.
[9] Aysus Sagbas, "Analysis and optimization of surface roughness in the ball burnishing process using response su rface methodology
and desirability function", Mersin University, Tarsus Technical Education Faculty, Department of Mechanical Education, 33400
Tarsus-Mersin, Turkey, PP-992-998, 2011.
[10] J.N. Malleswara Rao , A. Chenna Kesava Reddy and P.V. Rama Rao, "Evaluation of optimum values of surface roughness on Al
work piece using roller burnishing", International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, ISSN 0974-3154 Volume 4, PP-
293-303, 2011.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Combustion Enhancers in Diesel Engines: Magnetic Field Option
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Daniel C. Uguru-Okorie, Ademola A. Dare
	:	10.9790/1684-0552124

Abstract: Particulate Matter (PM) is one of the major harmful substances in diesel exhaust gas. Technologies like the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) have been positioned at the exhaust to reduce the quantity of harmful substances released to the environment. This paper highlights the factors that affect combustion in diesel engines and the potential of the introduction of electromagnetic field in the combustion chamber on the improvement of the diesel engine efficiency and reduction in the quantity of Particulate Matter (PM) produced.

Keywords: Magnetic Field, Diesel Fuel, Sauter Mean Diameter, Viscosity, Combustion.

[1] Ali A. Jazie Al-Khaledy, High Performance and Low Pollutant Emissions from a Treated Diesel Fuel using a Magnetic Field, Al-
Qadisiya Journal For Engineering Sciences; Vol. 1, pp. 2, 2008.
[2] Arai, M., Tabata, M., Hiroyasu, H. and Shimizu, M., Disintegrating Process and Spray Characterization of Fuel Jet Injected by a
Diesel Nozzle, SAE Paper 85012, 1984.
[3] Busch, K.W., Busch, R.E. Darling, S.,Design of a test loop for the evaluation of magnetic water treatment devices. Process safety and environmental protection, Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, 1976.
[4] Carsten Baumgarten, Mixture Formation in Internal Combustion Engines, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, 2006.
[5] Deborah Elcock, Potential Impacts of Nanotechnology on Energy Transmission Applications and Needs, Environmental Science
Division Argonne National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy laboratory, Chicago, 2007.
[6] Elkortb, M. M., Prog. Energy Comb. Sci; Vol. 8, pp. 61, 1982.
[7] Filipovic, I., Analiza motornih parametara ubrizgavanja alternativnih goriva. PhD thesis, Masinski Fakultet University, Sarajevo,
1983. [8] Govindasamy, P. and Dhandapani, S., Effects of EGR & Magnetic Fuel Treatment System on Engine Emission Characteristics in A Bio Fuel Engine, Proceedings of the International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2009 (ICME2009) 26- 28 December 2009,
Dhaka, Bangladesh; pp. 2-3, 2009.
[9] Hamamoto, Y., et al., Ignition Delay in Diesel Engines, Trans. of JSME; pp. 9, 1975.
[10] Henein, N. and Bolt, J., Correlation of Air Charge Temperature and Ignition Delay for Several Fuels in a Diesel Engine, SAE Paper
690252, 1969.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Study on Merits and Demerits of Two Transport Systems: Battery Operated Easy Bike with CNG Operated Auto Rickshaw at Sylhet City in Bangladesh
Country	:	Bangladesh
Authors	:	Mohammad Iqbal, Salma Akhter, Shibbir Ahmad
	:	10.9790/1684-0552532

Abstract: Auto rickshaws are tiny, three-wheeled vehicles which are used extensively in many Asian countries for transport of people and goods. The vehicles are small and narrow allowing for easy maneuverability in congested Asian metropolises. In Bangladesh, auto rickshaws are commonly used as taxis. This is due to the use of an engine, typically a 2 or 4 stroke, with almost no pollution control. Usually fuels are used in auto rickshaws. But a few years ago some auto rickshaws have been imported from china which is run by battery. The numbers of battery powered auto rickshaws are increasing day by day. This research paper includes comparison study of battery operated easy bike with CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) operated auto rickshaw in terms of cost (operating cost, manufacturing cost, maintenance cost), user friendly and environmental issue.

Keywords - Cost, Maintenance, Safety and Transport, urban, CNG.

[1] Anil K. Rajvanshi ,A Paper under the title "Electric and improved cycle rickshaw as a sustainable transport system for India".
Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) Published in CURRENT SCIENCE, Vol. 83, NO. 6, 25 September 2002.
[2] A Research Title of IPRO 351 is "Solar/Battery Hybrid Three Wheeled Auto Rickshaw for India" in December 2006.
[3] Auto Rickshaw (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto_rickshaw.
[4] Jarret, under Dr. Nigel Clark, A thesis paper titled "Heavy duty vehicle emission is testing" Mechanical and Aerospace department,
in West Virginia University was published in December 2000.
[5] Gair, S., A. Cruden, J. McDonald, and B. Hredzak , An articles titled "Electronic differential with sliding mode controller for a
direct wheel drive electric vehicle" at International Conference on Mechatronics (Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles) was published
in 2004.
[6] Mohammed Abu Mallouh, Bradley Denman, Brian Surgenor, Brant Peppley , A journal paper under the title "A Study of Fuel Cell
Hybrid Auto Rickshaws Using Realistic Urban Drive Cycles" was published in Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial
Engineering (JJMIE) in January 2010.
[7] T. Hofman, S.G. van der Tas, W. Ooms, E.W.P. van Meijl, and B.M. Laugeman ,A research paper based on "Development of a
Micro-Hybrid System for a Three Wheeled Motor Taxi" at Stavanger, Norway, was published in 2009.
[8] Karl T. Ulrich and Steven D. Eppinger ,Product Design and Development- , Chapter- 7, Page 134- Concept Scoring.