iosr-JMCE   Volume-4 ~ Issue-1

Abstract: This paper describes the shear behavior of deep beams. The softened truss model theory, which has been successively used for low rise shear walls and torsion, is extended to deep beams. The theory includes effective transverse compressive stress acting on the shear element and softened concrete stress-strain relationship for the concrete behavior. Theoretical shear strengths were compared with experimental result. Examination of the governing equations helps to identify three major factors that affect the shear strength. They are shear span to depth ratio, transverse reinforcement index and longitudinal reinforcement index.
Keywords:c -Deep Beam, Shear strength, Softened truss model, Reinforced Concrete.

[1] F. K. Kong, Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams.
[2] Mr.Varghese and Mr.Krishnamoorthy, (1966), Strength and Behaviour of Deep Reinforced Concrete Beams, Indian Concrete
Journal, 104-108.
[3] Varghese, Advanced Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures.
[4] Park & Pauly, Reinforced Concrete Structures
[5] Peter Marti,(1985), Basic Tools of Reinforced Concrete Beam Design, ACI journal, Title no. 82-4
[6] N.Krishna Raju, Advanced Reinforced Concrete Design.CBS Publications
[7] ACI 318- 2002 Building Code and Commentary.
[8] American Concrete Institute Committee 318. (1989) Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete. ACI 318–89,
American Concrete Institute, Detroit
[9] Han, K.J. and Mau, S.T.(1988) Membrane behaviour of r/c shell element and limits on the reinforcement J. Struct. Mechcs, Am.
Soc. Civ. Engrs 114 No. 2: 425.
[10] Thomas T.C. Hsu ―Softened Truss Model Theory for Shear and Torsion‖ ACI Structural Journal , Nov-Dec 1988,pp624-635

Abstract:Selecting a proper drainage system always has been discussed in agricultural or other fields. In anisotropic soils, this problem is more sensitive for experts. In this study, a comparison has been done between horizontal and vertical drainage in anisotropic soils. For this purpose, using EnDrainWin and WellDrain softwares drain spacing and well spacing, respectively, determined. The results showed that in the same situation, horizontal drainage systems due to the higher spacings between drains (reducing number of drainage and thus reducing the cost) were better than vertical drainage systems. However, vertical drainage systems due to the lower changes in well spacing in different anisotropic soils were suitable for conditions that soil hydraulic conductivity was likely to change.
Keywords:-Drain discharge, subsurface drainage systems design, watertable control

[1] Ahmadi M.Z. 1995. A field approach to estimation of humid area drainage coefficients, Agricultural Water Management, 29 (1), pp.
101–109. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(95)01186-2
[2] Ali M.H. 2011. Drainage of Agricultural Lands, Practices of Irrigation & On-farm Water Management: Volume 2, pp. 327-378.
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7637-6_9
[3] Barua G. and K.N. Tiwari, 1995. Theories of seepage into auger holes in homogeneous anisotropic soil, Journal of Hydrology, 167
(1–4), pp. 1–22. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)02629-P
[4] Basu D. and M. Prezzi 2010. Design Charts for Vertical Drains Considering Soil Disturbance, Geotechnical Modeling, pp. 420-429.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41095(365)39
[5] Brandyk T., P.B. Leeds-Harrison and K. Skapski 1992. A simple flow resistance model for the management of drainage/subirrigation
systems, Agricultural Water Management, 21 (1–2), pp. 67–77. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(92)90083-9
[6] Burdon D.J. 1986. Hydrogeological aspects of agricultural drainage in Ireland, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, 9 (1),
pp. 41-65 DOI: 10.1007/BF02439885
[7] Castanheira P.J. and F.L. Santos 2009. A simple numerical analyses software for predicting water table height in subsurface
drainage, Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 23 (4), pp. 153-162. DOI: 10.1007/s10795-009-9079-5
[8] Choudhry M.R., A. Khaliq, W.F. Vlotman, H.U. Rehman 1995. Physical and hydraulic properties of synthetic envelopes for
subsurface drainage in Pakistan, Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 9 (1), pp. 73-84. DOI: 10.1007/BF00881589
[9] Coles E.D. 1968. SOME NOTES ON DRAINAGE DESIGN PROCEDURE. Proceedings of The South African Sugar
Technologists' Association, pp. 189-199.
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Water Management, 48 (3), pp. 207–224. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(00)00136-0

Abstract:Wear is a common phenomenon in sliding parts. In wire drawing pulleys the friction between the pulley and wire leads to the wear of pulley. In this study Al2O3-13TiO2 and Ni20Cr coatings were prepared on different grades of cast iron (grey iron grade 250, high-carbon grey iron). These samples are investigated through standard procedure of pin-on-disk tests. The rotating disc at 1m/s is subjected to pressures of 30, 40, 50N. The samples were weighed before and after the test. And the results of coated samples were compared with the uncoated samples.
Keywords:-Wear, Grey cast iron, coating, test.

[1] Halling, J., (1985), "Introduction: Recent Development in Surface Coating and Modification Processes", MEP, London.
[2] Archard, J. F. 1980. Wear theory and mechanisms. Wear Contro Handbook, ed. M. B. Peterson and W. O. Winer, pp. 35-80.
ASME, New York
[3] S.K. Basu, S.N. Sengupta and B.B. Ahuja, Fundamentals of Tribology (Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2005).
[4] Rajasekaran B., Sundara Raman Ganesh S., Joshi S.V., Sundararajan G.; "Influence of detonation gun sprayed alumina coating on
AA 6063 samples under cyclic loading with and without fretting", Tribology International, Volume 41, (2008), 315–322.
[5] Lakhwinder Singh, Vikas Chawla, J.S. Grewal (2012) "Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering" Vol. 11,
No.3, pp.243-265

Abstract:Fuzzy logic has been widely used to develop an adaptive traffic signal controller because it allows qualitative modelling of complex systems. However, existing research has developed Fuzzy Logic Traffic Signal Controller (FLTSC) based on non-mixed traffic conditions. These FLTSC are not appropriate to the mixed traffic conditions of developing countries where the traffic streams consist of different types of vehicles with a wide variation in their static, dynamic and operating characteristics. This paper describes the design and evaluation of an adaptive traffic signal controller based on fuzzy logic for an isolated four-way intersection with specific reference to mixed traffic in developing countries. The controller is designed to be responsive to real-time traffic demands. Video image processing has been proposed to capture traffic data such as maximum queue length (in metres) and average occupancy rate (in %) from each approach of the intersection. The proposed FLTSC uses maximum queue lengths and average occupancy rates collected during the previous cycle in order to estimate the number of seconds of green time required by each set of signal groups (stage) during the next cycle.
Keywords:-fuzzy logic, mixed traffic, signal control

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