iosr-JMCE   Volume-1 ~ Issue-6

Abstract : Road safety audit is formal procedure for assessing accident potential and safety performance in the provision of new road schemes, the improvement and rehabilitation of existing road & in maintenance of roads. The role of auditor is to provide independent advice in the form of written recommendations. The designer or client then considers the advice and formal decision is made by them on whether or not to adopt each of the recommended safety alterations. The primary role of audit team is to identify the potential problems of a highway project by conducting the site inspection & collecting data from various agencies. The objective of the study is the identification of accident prone areas on the road from FIR, to study the effect of roadway geometrics and traffic conditions on the road stretch and development of statistical relationship between accident rates and various factors causing accidents. The scope of the study is to reduce accidents on road network, reducing severity of accidents and the need for costly remedial work is reduced. The road selected for the study is Bannerghatta road (12 km). The accident analysis is done from four years data. The V.F.Babkov's analysis is done by collecting geometric features of the road. Pedestrian safety analysis also done. Accident prone locations are identified by the all analysis.
Key words: First Investigation Report (FIR), Road Geometrics, Babkov's analysis

[1] K.W. Ogden "Safer Roads:Guide to Road Safety Engineering", Avebury Technical Publishers, UK 1996
[2] V.F.Babkov, "Road Conditions and Traffic Safety", Mir Publishers, Moscow, 1975.
[3] Prof.P.K.Sikdar and Dr.Nishi Mittal "Road Safety Ensuring Safety In Road System "Indian Highways, January 20003
[4] Eugene M. Wilson "Adapting The Road Safety Audit Review For Local Rural Roads", Department of Civil Engineering, University of Wyoming Laramie, Wyoming Technology Transfer Center, July 2000
[5] Thomas J. McDonald "Road Safety Audit For Prince Of Wales Island, Alaska", Institute for Transportation Iowa State University,Oct 2010
[6] S.K.Khanna & C.E.G.Justo, "Highway Engineering", Khanna Publishers, New Delhi – 1993.
[7] http://www.who.int/roadsafety/decade_of_action/en
[8] NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM [NCHRP] SYNTHESIS 336 ,"Road safety audits " TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD ,WASHINGTON, D.C.2004
[9] Divya Gandhi and Deepa kurup, "Highway Take A Toll On Pedestrians",The Hindu news paper,Bengaluru, October 11,2011.
[10] Vivian Robert R. and A. Veeraragavan "EVALUATION OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT MEASURES IN ACCIDENT REDUCTION UNDER MIXED TRAFFIC",16th ICTCT WORKSHOP.
[11] G. Gururaj, "Road Safety in India: A Framework for Action", National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences,Publication no 83, Bangalore.2011
[12] Luke Rogers, "iRAP India Four States Road Safety Report ",iRAP502.15: 19 December 2011.

Abstract: There is an increasing trend for using cold mix design with bitumen emulsion all over the world because of several advantages such as elimination of heating of binder and aggregate while producing mixes, this helps in protection of environment and energy conservation. In the present study, the main objective is to study the behaviour and effect of pre compaction curing on grade-2 semi dense bituminous concrete (SDBC-2) mix using bituminous emulsions treated mixtures (BETM) by Modifiefid Marshall Method of mix design. The specimen were prepared with and without filler.Comparasion was made in terms of dry and wet Marshall Stability, Marshall Flow, Volumetric properties and Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) on Modified Marshall specimen prepared by cold mix method for SDBC-2 mix.
In the present investigation it was found that for mixes with and without filler the Volumetric properties, dry and wet Marshall Stability, Marshall Flow and ITS.
Based on this present study it has been found that mix with cement and hydrated lime as filler each 2% both showed better results compared to mix with no filler. It has been seen that mix with 2% cement as filler showed better results compared to hydrated lime and there was no much difference in the properties for six and eight days cured specimen and hence could be concluded that six days curing period can be taken as optimum.
Keywords: curing periods, Dry and wet stability, Marshall Flow, volumetric properties

[1]. I R Arya and Dr. N.K.S Pundhir. "Emulsified Cold Mixes-Design, construction and field performance", IRC, Indian Highway.vol29 No.3 1997.
[2]. N.K.S Pundhir, Maj Shalinder Grover and Veeraragvan. "cold mix design of semi Dense Bituminous Concrete. ", IRC, Indian Highway 2010.
[3]. Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. "Specifications for road and bridge works".
[4]. IS 8887:2004. . "Bitumen Emulsion for Roads (Cationic Type)- Specification", Indian standards institution.
[5]. Pundhir,N. K. S., and Nanda P K,(2006)"Development of Bitumen Emulsion Based cold Mix Technology for construction of road under different climatic condition of India.' journal of Scientific and Industrial Research,vol 65,Sep 2006,pp 729-743
[6]. S.K. Khanna and C.E.G. Justo, Highway Material testing (Labouratory Manual), Nemchand and Bros, Roorkee 1997
[7]. S.K. Khanna and C.E.G. Justo "Highway Engineering" 2005.
[8]. Pundhir, N. K. S and Nanda P K,(2006) " Development of Bitumen Emulsion Based Cold Mix Technology for construction of Roads under Different climatic conditions of india." Journal of scientific and Industrial Research ,vol 65, Sep 2006,pp 729-743.

Abstract: A few researches have been carried out in dynamic analysis of gear pump. This work concerns external gear pumps for automotive applications, which operate at high speed, low pressure and presents a sensitivity analysis about the influence of design and operational parameters on the pump dynamic behavior. In previous work, a mathematical modeling was developed for eccentricity of shaft and pump, with the aim of including all the important effects, as well as to get a rather simple model. There are three main sources of noise, vibration and friction considered: Angle of pressure variation and gear meshing. The model has been taken in to account for comparison with experimental vibration data, in a wide range of operational parameters conditions for several profile errors. This paper is concentrated on dynamic analysis of the influence of the main design and operational parameters of the pump dynamic behavior. In particular, the effect of operational pressure, speed and friction, the influence of the clearance in the hydrodynamic bearing and between tooth tip and pump case, and the effect of the operational parameters like stiffness, damping, coefficient of friction, film thickness, speed, friction, load, and torque of the gear will be thoroughly discussed in the paper. Finally, the mathematical model and design could be a very useful and powerful tool in order to evaluate the dynamic improvements for noise, vibration and friction reduction.
Keywords: Gear pump-modeling, control volumes, pressure distribution, radial force on shaft

[1] E. Mucchi, "Dynamic analysis of external gear pumps by means of non linear models and experimental techniques", Ph.D. Thesis, EnDIF- Engineering Department in Ferrara, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, March 2007
[2] A. Fernández del Rincón and G. Dalpiaz, "A Model for the Elastodynamic Analysis of External GearPumps", Proceedings of ISMA 2002, Leuven, Belgium, September 2002, pp. 1387-1396.
[3] G.Dalpiaz, A.Fernandez del Rincon, M.E.Poppi, "Simulazione del comportamento dinamico di pompe ad ingranaggi per servosterzo", Proceedings of XVI AIMETA, Ferrara, Italy, 9-12 September 2003.
[4] G. Dalpiaz, A. Fernández del Rincón and E. Mucchi, "Modeling meshing phenomena in gear pumps",Proceedings of ISMA 2004, Leuven, Belgium, September 2004, pp. 949-963.
[5] D. Childs, H. Moes, H. Van Leeuwen, "Journal bearing impedance descriptions for rotordynamic application", Journal of lubrication technology 99 198-214 (1977).
[6] The Mathworks, Matlab, Version 6.1, Release 12.1, May 2001.
[7] G. Dalpiaz, A. Fernández del Rincón, E. Mucchi and A. Rivola, "Experimental validation of a model for the dynamic analysis of gear pumps", Proceedings of Novem 2005, Saint Raphael, France, April 2005.
[8] G. Dalpiaz, G. D‟Elia, E. Mucchi, A. Fernández del Rincón, "Modeling run in process in external gear pumps", Proceedings of ESDA 2006, Torino, Italy, July 2006.
[9] G.Dalpiaz, G.D‟Elia, E.Mucchi, A.Fernandez der Rincon. Modeling run in process in external gear pumps. Proceedings of esda2006-95466.
[10] Hydraulic Systems in Design and Engineering Education using Modelica and HyLib. Modelica Workshop2000 Proceedings:33-40.

Abstract: The Impact of Climate Change on the Start of Wet Season Climate Change is the change in the start of the wet and dry season. The start of the wet season is to be marked with a cumulative of 2 month rainfall. It will be different in each catchment area. This number is often used as a benchmark of planting time. That is why the beginning of the wet season known as the beginning of planting time. If planting start can be predicted, then it may be some adaptation on cropping patterns. The aim of research is to find the climate change based on characteristic of historical data, and then predict the start of wet and dry season on the next time series period.The method is the model predictionof Artificial Neural Network Back Propagation. The results showed that the initial season was shifted 2 weeks until 6 weeks. This study concluded that climate change causes changes to the monsoon in the next 6 years. The impact of climate Change in the start of the wet season is the start of planting time. The reliability model is 80%.
Keyword: Climate Change, wet season.

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[2]. Evans, Jason P.,Modelling climate-surface hydrology interactions in data sparse areas. Australian National University (Australia, 2001), 338 pp.
[3]. Hadiani,,R.,AnalisisKeandalanMetodeAutoregresidalamMenentukanMusimTanam.Thesis. Bandung Institute of Technology, 1994
[4]. "AnalisisKekeringanberdasarkan Data Hidrologi." Doctoral diss. Bandung Institute of Technology, 2009
[5]. Kartasapoetra, Ance Ginarsih Ir, Klimatologi : Pengaruh Iklim Terhadap Tanah dan Tanaman. Bandung, 2004, Bumi Aksara.
[6]. RedaTaha,.Artificial Neural Network (ANNs) in Structural Engineering.http://www.reda_taha.com/research/ANN.htm,, 2002
[7]. Mays, LW.,Water Resources Handbook. (AmerikaSerikat, McGraw-Hill. 1996)
[8]. Tallaksen, LM., Van Lannen, HAJ.,. Hydrological Drought. Process and Estimation Methods for Streamflow and Groundwater. Elsevier. UK., 2006
[9]. Turban,E.,Aronso,E., Liang, TP.,. Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems (SistemPendukungKeputusanDanSistemCerdas). ( Yogyakarta, PenerbitAndi, 2005).