iosr-JMCE   Volume-1 ~ Issue-5

Abstract: A laboratory experiment entitled "Flow Characteristics of Semi Circular Contraction Critical Flow Flumes for Low Discharges under Different Submergence Conditions" was conducted in a hydraulic flume with motorized bed slope alteration facility at the Hydraulics laboratory, College of Agricultural Engineering, Bapatla, India to study the effect of percentage of contraction and submergence on flow characteristics like critical depth, location of critical depth, accuracy of measurement and total quantity of material used etc. The experiment consisted of three different contractions (20%, 40% and 60%) tested with three different discharges (10 ls-1, 14 ls-1 and 18 ls-1) and four submergence levels (60%, 70%, 80% and 90%). Dimensional analyses were performed and end depth, throat width and discharge relationships were arrived. The discharges arrived conventionally based on critical depth and through equations derived through dimensional analysis were compared and presented. The deviation of discharge under free flow conditions depicted from Eq. a and Eq. b are within the range of ± 5% of actual discharge for all flumes. A single measurement of end depth in semi circular contraction critical flow flumes can be used for discharge computation in open channels, if the submergence conditions are below 80% in general. Semi circular contraction critical flow flumes can be used for discharge measurement in open channels with best accuracy of ± 5% equations developed.

[1] W. H. Hager, Modified venturi channel. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, ASCE, 111(1), 1985, 19-35.
[2] W. H. Hager, Modified trapezoidal venturi channel. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, ASCE, 112(3), 1986, 225-241.
[3] W. H. Hager, Mobile flume for circular channel. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, ASCE, 114(3), 1988, 520-534.
[4] Z. Samani, S. Jorat, and M. Yousaf. Hydraulic characteristics of circular flume. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, ASCE, 117(4), 1991, 558-566.
[5] Replogle, J. A. and A. J. Clemmens. Measuring flumes of simplified constructions. Transactions of ASAE, 24(2), 1981, 366-374.
[6] Samani, Z., and H. Magallnez, Simple flume for flow measurement in open channel. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, ASCE, 126(2), 2000, 127-129.

Abstract: Increasing demand in energy facilitated the need of clean energy such as wind energy.In thisproject modal analysis has been used to determine the natural frequencies and the mode shapesof frame and impeller of vertical axis wind turbine with impeller. FEA consists of a computer model of a material. Analyzed for specific results. FEA uses a complex system of points called nodes which make a grid called a mesh. Nodes are assigned at a certain density throughout the material depending on the anticipated stress levels of a particular area. Regions which will receive large amounts of stress usually have a higher node density than those which experience little or no stress. Points of interest may consist of: fracture point of previously tested material, fillets, corners, complex detail, and high stress areas. The mesh acts like a spider web in that from each node, there extends a mesh element to each of the adjacent nodes. This web of vectors is what carries the material properties to the object, creating many elements. The natural frequencies originating from the FE-modelingand the modal analysis, respectively, are observed. Comparing the mode shapesgood agreement has been demonstrated for the dominating deflectiondirection. For the non-dominating deflection directions, the qualitative featuresof measured and computed modes shapes are in good agreement.
Key words: Free vibration, Finite Element Method, Frame, Impeller.

[1]. Applied Modal Analysis of Wind Turbine Blades by HenrikBroen Pedersen, Ole Jesper Dahl KristensenRisø National Laboratory, Roskilde (Risø-R-1388(EN) DenmarkFebruary 2003
[2]. D. J. Ewins: Modal Testing: Theory, Practice and Application
[3]. Forward curved centrifugal TABLOCK Blower Wheels( for dimension of impeller)
[4]. kjnAluminiumProfile & Accessories. [cited 2010 September 18]; Available from: http://www.aluminium-profile.co.uk.
[5]. C.F.Beards, Engineering Vibration Analysis with Application to Control Systems.

Abstract : Transverse roadway strips (TRS) are a common approach used by the local authorities in Malaysia for the purpose of road safety on rural roadway. However, there were complaints made by residents about the excessive noise pollution produced by TRS. The objective of this study was to evaluate the external noise produced by the application of TRS, to evaluate and to anticipate the annoyance response due to installation of TRS. The investigations were carried out through the changes of noise level indices, estimation of the annoyance response using the traffic noise index (TNI) and anticipation of resisident response anoyance. Measurements of the external noise level produced by the TRS were taken for two hours at two location with and without TRS. Results showed that TRS increased the equivalent noise level, LAeq1hour, L101hour and L901hour by as much as 14 dB(A), 16 dB(A) and 9 dB(A) respectively. TNI values also increased as much by as 42% and exceeded the suggested value for planning purposes of 74 dB (A) for 3% annoyance from the social surveys. This investigation shows that TRS noise has a very strong impact on the community and this was the reason behind the complaints made by people living in study area.
Keywords: Noise pollution, Traffic noise, traffic noise index, Transverse rumble strips, traffic safety,

[1] Ouis, D. (2001) Annoyance from road traffic noise: a review. Environmental Psychology, 101-120.
[2] Pirrera, S., Valck, E. D. & Cluydts, R. (2010) Nocturnal road traffic noise: A review on its assessment and consequences on sleep and health. Environment International, 36, 492–498.
[3] Boer, E. D. & Schroten, A. (2007) Traffic Noise Reduction in Europe. Delft, CE Delft.
[4] Fyhri, A. & Klaeboe, R. (2008) Road traffic noise, sensitivity, annoyance and self-reported health - A structural equation model exercise. Environmental International, 35, 91-97.
[5] Bendtsen, H., Haberl, J., Sandberg, U. & Watts, G. (2004) Traffic management and noise reducing pavements. Recommendations on additional noise reducing measures. SILVIA Deliverable 12, European Commission DG Tren- Growth.
[6] Road Engineering Association of Malaysia (2004). REAM-GL8/2004. Guidelines on Traffic Control and Management Devices. Malaysia, REAM.
[7] Van Berkel, C. (2009) Use of transverse rumble strips in rural areas (PW09031). Hamilton, Canada, Public Works Department
[8] Miska, E. (2009) Transverse Rumble Strips (TRS). Chief Traffic, Electrical, Highway Safety and Geometric Engineer.
[9] Jamrah, A., Al-Omari, A. & Sharabi, R. (2006) Evaluation of Traffic Noise Pollution in Amman, Jordan. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 120, 499–525.
[10] Davis, M. L. and Masten, S. J. (2004) Principles of Environmental Engineering and Science. McGraw-Hill.
[11] Georgiadou, E., Kourtidis, K. and Ziomas, I. (2004) Exploratory traffic noise measurements at five main streets of Thessaloniki, Greece. Global NEST: the International Journal, 6(1), 53–61.
[12] O'Cinneide, D. (1997) Noise pollution. In: Kiely, G. (ed.) Environmental Engineering. McGraw-Hill.
[13] Salter, R. J. and Hothersal, D. C. (1977) Transport and Environment. London, Granada Publishing.
[14] Langdon, F. J. and Scholes, W. E. (1968) The traffic noise index: A method of controlling noise nuisance. Building Research, Current Papers, 38168, 2–3.
[15] Department of Environment, Malaysia (2004) Planning Guidelines for Environmental Noise Limits and Control (2004). Malaysia, DOE.

Abstract: This paper describes the study of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of as-cast and heat treated Aluminium 7075/ SiCp composites. The content of silicon carbide particulates is used as 5wt% to prepare the castings. These composites were subjected to different aging durations. The stir casting technique is used to prepare the castings. Castings were machined in accordance with ASTM standards followed by heat treatment process. All the castings were aged to different periods of 1hr, 3hr, 5hr at an aging temperature of 175 oC. Coefficient of thermal expansion tests were performed in both as-cast and heat treated conditions. In each case the coefficient of thermal expansion values were found to increase with increase in aging durations. Solution heat treatment at 530 oC followed by artificial aging at 175 oC found to increase in dimension change of every specimen tested. The coefficient of thermal expansion curves exhibited some residual strains, which were decreased with the increase in aging durations.
Keywords: Alloys, Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), Heat treatment

[1] Vaidya R.U., Chawla K.K., (1994). Compos. Sci. Technol. 50 , 13
[2] Holfman M., Skirl S., Pompe W., Rodel J., (1999), Acta Mater. 47 (2) , 565
[3] Xu Z.R., Chawla K.K.,.Mitra R., Fine M.E., (1994),Scripta Metall. 31 (11) , 1525
[4] Denoath R., Pradeep K., Rohatgi J.,(1981), Mater.Sci. , 1024 and 3026
[5] Dellis M.A., Keustermana J.P., Delanny, (1991), Mater. Sci. Eng. A 135 , 235
[6] Mahagundappa M. Benal, Shivanand H.K., (2006), Journal of Material Science and Engineering A 435-436 , 745-749
[7] Shimoo T, Okamura K., M.Ito, M.Takeda, (2000) ,Journal of Material Science 35 , 3733-3739.