iosr-JMCE   Volume-1 ~ Issue-2

ABSTRACT: The Crises of energy has been increased over the years due to increasing world population and expansion of global industries especially for food and basic requirements. Most of the energy is consumed in power generation, industries & factories, transportation, and community sectors. Moreover, in order to fulfill our demand we are mostly dependent on energy, taken from fossil oil, gas and coal. In developing countries like India, more than 70% of the population lives in the rural areas where more than 85% of the energy being consumed comes from non-conventional sources, the major one being fuel wood. The increasing cost of conventional fuel in urban areas necessitates the exploration of other energy sources. Solar energy provides an alternate source of energy in rural and urban India as a substitute for fossil fuels. We can get the solar energy from sun; the sun is a major source of solar energy. In Gujarat the fossil resources are limited, and they impose a high burden on the environment therefore looking at the ecological and economical perspectives, solar energy is an important source of energy for the state. Thus as effective Solar energy is strategic the review highlights the various Solar energy scenarios that can facilitate the vision of a cleaner environment and to effectively deal with the energy crises problems.
Keywords: - Solar energy, Energy crisis

[1] Report of Gujarat Energy Development Agency ,Gujarat ,India
[2] Newspaper(Gujarat samachar,The Times of India etc.)
[3] www.google.com
[4] Non-conventional Energy Sources by G.D.Rai ( khanna Publications)
[5] journals and various reports

Abstract : This paper present energy audit process on water treatment plant located at Lalpur, Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh. This plant has established in 1986 and supplying 97 MLD (million liters per day) water to Jabalpur City. Generally Water treatment plants are highly energy and cost intensive. To achieve effective and efficient energy management scheme, energy audit analysis was employed on water treatment plant.This paper Provides customers with recommendations which will increase the comfort, health, safety and prolong the durability of the property. Before appointing Energy Auditor conduct our own visual walkthrough and make a list, so when we bring in an auditor we are prepared. Become more aware! , check savings calculations by determining whether more savings have been identified than are actually achievable. Some analysts use the average cost of electricity to calculate energy savings.
Keywords: - Water treatment plant, energy audit, energy saving, cost analysis, Overall Equipment Effectiveness.

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Abstract -- This study intends to highlight how some of the latest design technology can be used to accurately analyze daylight in our buildings today. Architecture and Engineering firms are using Building Information Modeling (BIM) software to model their design projects three-dimensionally these days. Some of the popular modeling software platforms for Architecture are, Autodesk's Revit Architecture, Autodesk Ecotect Analysis and Green Building Studio. Using BIM allows the user to export the model into analysis tools for daylight and energy analysis. Revit Architecture is used for BIM models, allowing the user to export to daylight analysis tools like Ecotect and 3d Studio Max Design. As the use of BIM in projects becomes more popular, the opportunities to seamlessly integrate daylight analysis into the design process become more abundant and more convenient. It is found that using this technology, both the owner and designer can be more confident of what the outcome will be before the building is even constructed. This has the potential to save money from design changes and energy costs as well as material changes and retrofitting that is common from older methods of daylight control. In the end it can improve the aesthetics of the building, improve visual comfort and reduce the overall electrical lighting usage within the building. Keywords: Sustainability, Building Information Modeling (BIM), Architectural designs, and Importance of Energy Efficiency

[1] Autodesk Revit white paper
[2] SOLAR 2010: BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM) & SUSTAINABILITY – Using Design Technolgy for Daylight Modeling. (Prepared by: Ben Ridderbos, LEED AP, Vikram Sami, LEED AP, Lord, Aeck & Sargent Architecture 1201 Peachtree Street NE Suite 300, Atlanta, GA 30361 bridderbos@lasarchitect.com)
[3] Smart Market Report, (prepared by: Harvey M. Bernstein F. ASCE, LEED AP, Stephen A. Jones, Michele A Russo, LEED AP)
[4] BIM for LEED, By Erin Rae Hoffer, AIA, LEED AP
[5] Poh Lam & Yeang, 2009; Azhar & Brown, 2009.
[6] ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENCES IN ENERGY SIMULATION RESULTS BETWEEN BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM)-BASED SIMULATION METHOD AND THE DETAILED SIMULATION METHOD, by: Seongchan Kim & Jeon-Han W00
[7] Building Information Modeling and sustainability, prepared by: John Doyle)
[8] Streamlining Energy Analysis of Existing Buildings with Rapid Energy Modeling, (prepared by: Autodesk)
[9] BIM and Green Building Studio (1-2-3 Revit Tutorial) prepared by: Rick Rundell, AIA)
[10] Autodesk®Revit®Architecture, Design without compromise. (prepared by: Autodesk)
[11] Using Autodesk Ecotect Analysis and Building Information Modeling, Autodesk® Ecotect® Analysis 2010, Revit® Architecture 2010 software)& (Using ECOTECT for Exterior Qualitative Solar Analysis, by: Diego Ibarra, Harvard Graduate School of Design)
[12]- Autodesk Ecitect Analysis, Visualize Sustainable Design, (prepared by: Autodesk)

Abstract: Stainless steel 304 is a class of iron based materials which has certain resistance to rusting and to corrosion in some environments. Due to its properties, it is the most widely used material in the engineering applications. Most of stainless steel welding to this date is done by fusion welding. This survey revealed that very little amount of work has been done with few exceptions only mechanical properties have been characterized.

1. Zhu X.H, Chao Y.J, (2004) Numerical simulation of transient temperature and residual stresses in Friction stir welding of 304L stainless steel. J Mater Process Technol 46:263-272.
2. Seung Hwan C, Yutaka S, Hiroyuki Kokawa, Kazutaka Okamoto, Satoshi Hirano (2003) J Scripta Materialia 49:1175-1180.
3. Reynolds A.P, Wei Tang, Gnaupel-Herold T, Prask H (2003) Structure, properties, and residual stress of 304 L stainless steel, friction stir welds. J Scripta Materialia 48:1289-1294.
4. Kokawa H, Hirano S (2005) Microstructures in friction stir welding of 304 austenitic stainless steel. 56:234-236.
5. Meran C, Kovan V, Alptekin A (2007) Friction Stir Welding of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel. 38:123-124.
6. Pandey S, Grewal G et al. (2003) "FSW: a recent trend in welding" in national workshop on welding technology in India – Present status and future trends, SLIET, Punjab, pp 91-97.
7. Khan Zaheer, Pandey Sunil, Prasad Rajesh, Prasanna L (2009) "Friction Stir Welding of Mild Steel".