iosr-JMCE   Volume-10 ~ Issue-6

Abstract:Equal channel angular extrusion (ecae) is a novel deformation process capable of imparting a large amount of plastic strain to bulk material through the application of uniform simple shear. Ecae die geometry, material properties and process conditions influence the shear deformation behavior during extrusion that in turn governs the microstructure and mechanical properties of the extruded materials. Finite element analysis, the most appropriate technique was used to analyze the deformation behavior of extruded materials without neglecting important and realistic factors like strain hardening behavior of the material, frictional conditions and speed of the process. In this study the deformation behavior of material, dead zone/corner gap formation and strain homogeneity in friction and frictionless condition achieved in the samples during ecae were studied by using commercial finite element code abaqus/cae6.11-3. The influence of channel angles, strain hardening behavior of material and friction between the billet and die was considered for simulations. Results showed that the optimal strain homogeneity in the sample with lower dead zone formation, without involving any detrimental effects, can be achieved with channel angle of 90 degrees and outer corner angle of 10 degrees for pure copper.

Keywords: Severe Plastic Deformation, Equal Channel Angular Extrusion, Ultra-Fine Grain, equivalent plastic strain, conventional extrusion

[1] Vaclav Sklenicka, Jiri Dvorak, Milan Svoboda, PetrKral and Marie Kvapilova, Equal-Channel Angular Pressing and Creep in Ultrafine-Grained Aluminium and Its Alloys DOI: 10.5772/51242
[2] V.M. Segal, Equal Channel Angular Extrusion: From Macromechanics to Structure Formation, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, Vol A271,[5] 1999, p 322–333
[3] V.M. Segal, V.I. Reznikov, A.E. Drobyshevskiy, V.I. Kopylov, Plastic working of metals by simple shear, Russ. Metall. 1 (1981) 99–105.
[4] Mater. 35 (1996) 143–146.
[5] H.S. Kim, M.H. Seo, I.H. Sun, On the die corner gap formation in equal channel angular pressing, Mater. Sci. Eng. 291A (2000) 86–90.
[6] H.S. Kim, Evaluation of strain rate during equal channel angular pressing, J. Mater. Res. 17 (2002) 172–179.
[7] K. Nakashima, Z. Horita, M. Nemoto, T.G. Langdon, Influence of channel angle on the development of ultrafine grains in equal channel angular pressing, Acta Metall. Mater. 46 (1998) 1589–1599
[8] Shan, I.G. Moon, H.S. Ko, J.W. Park, Direct observation of shear deformation during equal channel angular pressing of pure aluminum, Scripta Mater. 41 (1999) 353– 357
[9] V.M. Segal, Equal channel angular extrusion: from macromechanics to structure formation, Mater. Sci. Eng. 271A (1999) 322–333.
[10] J.R. Bowen, A. Gholinia, S.M. Roberts, P.B. Pragnell, Analysis of the billet deformation behaviour in equal channel angular extrusion, Mater. Sci. Eng. 287A (2000) 87–99

Abstract: The high cost of conventional building materials is a major factor affecting housing delivery in the world. This has necessitated research into alternative materials of construction. In this study, coconut shell is used as light weight aggregate in concrete. The properties of coconut shell and coconut shell aggregate concrete is examined and the use of coconut shell aggregate in construction is tested. The project paper aims at analyzing flexural and compressive strength characteristics of with partial replacement using M30 grade concrete. The project also aims to show that Coconut shell aggregate is a potential construction material and simultaneously reduces the environment problem of solid..Beams are casted, tested and their physical and mechanical properties are determined. The main objective is to encourage the use of these "seemingly‟ waste products as construction materials in low-cost housing.

Keywords: Compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, Coconut shells, Portland pozzolana cement(PPC).

[1]. IS: 10262-2009,"Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design".
[2]. IS: 383-1997, "Specifications for Coarse and Fine aggregate from natural sources of concrete".
[3]. "Exploratory study of Periwinkle shells as coarse aggregate in concrete works",A.P Adewuyi Department of Urban and Civil Engineering , Ibaraki University, Hitachi Japan and T. Adegoke Department of Civil Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
[4]. "Development of lightweight concrete using industrial waste material, palm kernel shell as lightweight aggregate and its properties", Alengaram, U.J. Dept.of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
[5]. "Comparative study of concrete properties using coconut shell and palm kernel shell as coarse aggregates",E.A Oanipekun , K.O. Olusola.Ata, Department of Building, ObafemiAwolowo University ,Ile-Ife, Osu State, Nigeria.
[6]. "Mechanical and bond properties of coconut shell concrete",K. Gunasekaran P.S. Kumar, M.Laskhmipathy,Department of Civil Engineering and Technology,Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University,Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India.
[7]. "Investigate the combination of coconut shell and grained palm kernel to replace aggregate in concrete: A technical review",Siti Aminah Bt Tukiman and Sabarudin Bin Mohammed, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang.
[8]. Filipponi P, Polettini A, Pomi R, Sirini P. Physical and mechanical properties of cement based products containing incineration bottom ash. Waste Management 2003;23(2) :145-156.
[9]. Dhir Rk,Paine KA, Dyer TD, Tang MC. Value added recycling of domestic ,industrial and construction arisings as concrete aggregate. Concrete Engineering International 2004;8(1):43-48.
[10]. Poon CS, Shui ZH, Lam L, FokH, Kou SC. Influence of moisture states of natural and recycled aggregates on the slump and compressive strength of concrete. Cement and Concrete Research 2005; 34(1):31-36.

Abstract: The construction industry generally deals with the various types of construction sectors viz Real Estate & Infrastructure. Real Estate Sector is segmented in Residential, Industrial, Corporate, and Commercial. Whereas Infrastructure sector in Roads, Railways, Urban Infrastructures, Ports, Airports and Power. To manage such kind of unique projects requires an expertise with organizations and a thorough body of knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to provide the analysis or breakdown of Role of Project Management Consultancy and study the Problems faced by PMC for implementing the project. Project Management Consultancy plays multifaceted part in such projects and provides the services from inception to completion of projects. At every stage of project life cycle, the principles of pro-activeness and creating the win-win situation is necessary keeping in mind the customer / client's requirements. Use of Project Management Consultancy (PMC) offers one of the effective management solution to increase and improve the efficiency and outcome of a project in construction. A case study of construction of a Mega Industrial Project which is dealt by PMC and Project consist of various type of buildings for Manufacturing unit, Assembling unit , Logistic unit , Process unit with allied Infra of Electrical utilities, Services like Fire fighting, Sewage line, Storm water arrangement and Road etc have been considered for this research work.

Keywords: Body of Knowledge, Industrial Buildings, Project Management Consultancy (PMC), Role & Responsibility Matrix.

[1] Adnan Enshassi1, Sherif Mohamed2, Saleh Abushaban3 Factors affecting the performance of construction projects in Gaza strips; Journal of civil Engineering and Management 2009, 15(3): 269–280
[2] Cheung, S.-O.; Suen, H. C. H.; Cheung, K. K. W. 2004. PPMS: a Web-based construction project performance monitoring system, Automation in Construction 13: 361–376. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2003.12.001.
[3] Project Management Institute, Inc. (2013): A Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge, (PMBOK) Fifth Edition, Project Management Institute, Inc. Pennsylvania 19073-3299 USA
[4] Bernard, W. T. (1985). Construction and Development. Selangor, Pelanduk Publication.
[5] K K Chitkara,(2000): Construction Project Management, Second Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Pvt Ltd. New Delhi.
[6] O P Khanna (1999): Industrial Engineering and Management Revised Edition, Dhanpat Rai Publications, New Delhi.
[7] P K Joy,(1994) : Total Project Management, Second Edition, Macmillan India Limited. New Delhi.
[8] Foxhall, W. (1976). Professional construction Management and project administration. New York: Architectural Record and the American Institute of Architects.

Abstract: Soil is a peculiar material. Some waste materials such Fly Ash, rice husk ash, pond ash may use to make the soil to be stable. Addition of such materials will increase the physical as well as chemical properties of the soil. Some expecting properties to be improved are CBR value, shear strength, liquidity index, plasticity index, unconfined compressive strength and bearing capacity etc. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Fly Ash derived from combustion of sub-bituminous coal at electric power plants in stabilization of soft fine-grained red soils. California bearing ratio (CBR) and other strength property tests were conducted on soil. The soil is in range of plasticity, with plasticity indices ranging between 25 and 30. Tests were conducted on soils and soil–Fly Ash mixtures prepared at optimum water content of 9% .Addition of Fly Ash resulted in appreciable increases in the CBR of the soil. For water contents 9% wet of optimum, CBRs of the soils are found in varying percentage such that 3,5,6and 9.We will found optimum CBR value of the soil is 6%.Increment of CBR value is used to reduce the thickness of the pavement. And increasing the bearing capacity of soil.

[1]. Chen, F. H. (1988), "Foundations on expansive soils", Chen & Associates, Elsevier Publications, U.S.A.
[2]. Erdal Cokca (2001) "Use Of Class C Fly Ashes for the Stabilization – of an Expansive Soil" Journal of Geotechnical and Geo environmental Engineering Vol. 127, July, pp. 568-573.
[3]. Eldon J. Yoder(1957), "Principles of Soil Stabilization",JHRPPublicationIndiana.
[4]. Pradip D. Jadhao and Nagarnaik, P.B (2008), Influence of Polypropylene Fibres on Engineering Behavior of Soil – Fly Ash Mixtures for Road Construction, Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 13, Bund.C, pp. 1-11.
[5]. 1.American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM C618 (2008) Specification for Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolanic for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Portland Cement Concrete. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM, Philadelphia, USA.