iosr-JMCE   Volume-10 ~ Issue-5

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Sustainability Assessment of Bitumen with Polyethylene as Polymer
Country	:	Pakistan
Authors	:	Tariq Ali, Nouman Iqbal, Dr. Mehboob Ali, Dr. Khan Shahzada
	:	10.9790/1684-1050106

Abstract: Now a day's increment in percentage of waste material due to excessive use of polyethylene in daily use products has become a great problem. Most of the waste materials are of types which are non-biodegradable. These materials require difficult and challenging methods to dispose safely and in underdeveloped countries like Pakistan it is even a bigger problem of concern. Also the continuous increase in number of vehicles emphasizes on need of sustainable infrastructure of roads with better quality and engineering design. Grinded plastic is used as polymer in Bitumen in this research by 0% ,0.5 %, 1%, 1.5 % and 2 % .The properties evaluated are Fire point ,Flash point, softening point and penetration of Bitumen. Regardless of the replacement ratio, Bitumen as a polymer had a satisfactory performance.

[1]. Subagio, B.S., et al., 2005. Development of stiffness modulus and plastic deformation characteristics of porous asphalt mixture using tafpack super, Proceed. Eastern Asia Soc. Transportation Studies, 5: 803 – 812.
[2]. Saez-alvan, L.D.P, et al., 2003. Mechanical behavior of asphalt mixtures in regions of low temperature and altitude above 3800 meters, 2003 Int. Conf. Airports: Planning, Infrastructure & Environ. Rio De Janeiro – RJ-Brazil - June 8 – 11.
[3]. Catt, O.V., 2004. Investigation of polymer modified asphalt by shear and tensile compliances. Material Characterization for Inputs into AASHTO 2002 Guide Session of the 2004 Annual Conf. Transportation Assoc. Canada, Québec City, Québec.
[4]. Coplantz, J.S. et al., 1993. Review of relationships between modified asphalt properties and pavement performance. SHRP-A-631, Strategic Highway Res. Program, National Res. Council Washington, USA.
[5]. Newman, K., 2004. Polymer-modified asphalt mixtures for heavy-duty pavements: fatigue characteristics as measured by flexural beam testing, 2004 FAA Worldwide Airport Technol. Transfer Conf. Atlantic City, New Jersey, USA.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Investigation of Time-Cost Effectiveness on Construction Projects
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mr. Mangesh M. Kapote, Mr. Piyush Gogad, Prof. Dr. S. S. Pimplikar
	:	10.9790/1684-1050715

Abstract: Development projects undertaken in various sectors of economy and finance are building blocks of national economy. This paper examines the time-cost effectiveness on construction projects by quantification of 16 different project performance parameters applied on 49 construction projects (both public and private sector projects). A questionnaire was drafted to test the parameters and criteria adopted when assessing the success of construction projects. The results shows that for general group of construction projects all 16 parameters have significant impact on cost growth.

Keywords: Contracts Management, Cost Growth, Project Partnering, Time Growth.

[1]. Abudayyeh, O. (1994). "Partnering: A team building approach to quality construction management." J. Mgmt. in Engg., 10(6),
26–29.
[2]. Anderson, L.L., Brookshire, J.K., and Gudelski, P.J. (2004). "A partnering success story at the Woodrow Wilson Bridge." J.
Leadership & Mgmt. in Engg., 38-45.
[3]. Chan, A.P., Chan, D.W., Chiang, Y.H., Tang, B.S., Chang, E.H., and Ho, K.S. (2004). "Exploring critical success factors for
partnering in construction project." J. of construction Engg. & Mgmt.., 130(2), 188-198.
[4]. Chan, A.P., Chan, D.W., Fan, L.C., Lam, P.T., and Yeung, J.F. (2004). "A comparative study of project partnering practices in
Hong Kong." CII- Hong Kong conference 2004.
[5]. Cheng, E.W., Heng, L. (2004). "Development of a practical model of partnering for construction projects." J. of construction
Engg. & Mgmt.., 130(6), 790-798.
[6]. "Comprehensive water supply scheme to Chavara&Panmana." Contract Doc. (2006). Kerala Water Authority.
[7]. Dharwadker, P.P. (2001). "Emerging trends in contract management and dispute resolution by dispute review boards." J. CE &
CR., Contracts & Mgmt., Oct, 23-27.
[8]. Drexler, J.A., and Larson, E.W. (2000). "Partnering: why project owner-contractor relationships changes." J. of construction
Engg. & Mgmt.., 126(4), 293-297.
[9]. DRBF website, www.drbf.org
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Evaluate the Performance and Emission using EGR (Exhaust gas recirculation) in Compression-ignition engine fuelled with blend
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Hardik B. Charola, C. D. Sankhavara, M. B. Charola
	:	10.9790/1684-1051621

Abstract: To study different paper related to exhaust gas recirculation on four stroke compression ignition engine fuelled with diesel/methanol blend of 10:90, 20:80 and 30:70 of methanol to diesel respectively were studied to evaluate the performance and emission of engine. The performance of diesel engine increase with increase in compression ratio exhaust gas recirculation is a common way to control in-cylinder NOx production and is used in most modern high speed direct injection diesel engines because it lowers oxygen concentration and flame temperature of the working fluid in the combustion chamber. To study evaluate and performance with different EGR rate with and without variable compression ratio. After studying all different papers to review the result the output power and torque for diesel fuel is lower compared to methanol-diesel blended fuel at any mixing ratio and because of EGR the NOx emission and exhaust gas temperature reduced but emissions of particulate matter (PM), HC, and CO were found to have increased with usage of EGR in CI engine.

Keywords: CI engine, EGR, methanol blend, exhaust emission, engine performance.

[1] Z H Huang, H B Lu, DM Jiang, K Zeng, B Liu, J Q Zhang and XBWang Engine performance and emissions of a compression ignition engine operating on the diesel–methanol blends Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part : Journal of Automobile Engineering 2004 218: 435 DOI: 10.1243/095440704773599944
[2] C. Mishra, N. Kumar, B.S. Chauhan, H.C Lim, M. Padhy Some Experimental Investigation on use of Methanol and Diesel Blends in a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine International Journal of Renewable Energy Technology Research (IJRETR) Vol. 2, No. 1, PP: 01 -16, January 2013, ISSN: 2325-3924 (Online)
[3] Najafi G.Yusaf T.F (2009). Experimental investigation of using methanol-diesel blended fuels in diesel engine. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Thermal Engineering: Theory and Applications January 12- 14, Abu Dhabi, UAE
[4] Jikar P.C.,BawankureM.D., Rokade A.G. performance evaluation of using methanol-diesel blended fuels in CI engine. International Conference on Mechanical, Production and Automobile Engineering (ICMPAE'2011) Pattaya Dec. 2011.
[5] Turkcan A, Canakci M. Combustion Characteristics of an Indirect Injection (IDI) Diesel Engine Fuelled with Ethanol/Diesel and Methanol/Diesel Blends at Different Injection Timings. World renewable energy congress 2011- Sweden, 8-13 May, Linkoping, Sweden on Sustainable Transport
[6] Chunde Yao ,C.S. Cheung , Chuanhui Cheng , Yinshan Wang , T.L. Chan , S.C. Lee Effect of Diesel/methanol compound combustion on Diesel engine combustion and emissions Energy Conversion and Management 49 (2008) 1696–1704
[7] Yaopeng Li, Ming Jia , Yaodong Liu, Maozhao Xie Numerical study on the combustion and emission characteristics of a methanol/diesel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/ locate/apenergy
[8] Cenk Sayin , Murat Ilhan , Mustafa Canakci , Metin Gumus Effect of injection timing on the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine using diesel–methanol blendsRenewable Energy 34 (2009) 1261–1269
[9] N. Ravi Kumar*, Y. M. C. Sekhar, and S. Adinarayana Effects of Compression Ratio and EGR on Performance, Combustion and Emissions of Di Injection Diesel Engine International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering 2013. 11, 1: 41-49
[10] Jaffar Hussain , K. Palaniradja, N. Alagumurthi, R. Manimaran Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on Performance and Emission characteristics of a Three Cylinder Direct injection Compression Ignition Engine Alexandria Engineering Journal (2012) 51, 241–247.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Development of mix design for high strength Concrete with Admixtures
Country	:	India
Authors	:	A. Annadurai, A. Ravichandran
	:	10.9790/1684-1052227

Abstract: This paper presents the result of mix design developed for high strength concrete with silica fume and High range water reducing admixture (HRWR). It involves the process of determining experimentally the most suitable concrete mixes in order to achieve the targeted mean strength. In this research work 53 grade ordinary Portland cement, the locally available river sand, 10 mm graded coarse aggregate were selected based on ASTM C 127 standard for determining the relative quantities and proportions for the grade of concrete M60. For this design ACI 211.4R-93 guidelines were followed. Totally Five mixes were designed one mix was treated as basic mix with HRWR - 0.5% without silica fume, Four mixes were designed with Micro silica quantities varied from 5 to 9 percent weight of cementitious materials and HRWR varies between 0.6% to 0.9% with increment of 0.1% . Each mix 2 numbers of 150mm x 300 mm cylinders were cast then kept in curing tank after 24 hours of time period. After 28 days of curing the specimens were tested and the appropriate mix proportions were obtained.

Keywords: High strength concrete,, Aggregates, Admixtures, ACI Mix Design , Compressive strength.

[1] ACI. Committee. 211 (211 - 4R - 93.) "Guidelines for Selecting Proportions for High strength Concrete with Portland Cement and Fly Ash American concrete Institute, Detroit, Michigan,
[2] ACI committee 363R-92 (Reapproved 1997) State-of-the-Art Report on High-Strength Concrete
[3] ACI Committee 212 (212.4r -93) (reapproved 1996)""Guide for the use of High – Range Water – Reducing Admixtures (Super plasticizers) in concrete". American concrete Institute
[4] ASTM C -39/C39m-99-standard test method for Compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens
[5] Toru KAWAI .St ate-of-the-art report on high-strength concrete －recent developments and applications in Japan
[6] Bhikshma. (2009 Investigations on mechanical properties of high strength silica fume concrete. Asian journal of civil engineering (building and housing) vol. 10, no. 3 (2009) pages 335-346
[7] B.L.P Swami Studies on Cement Replacement in Concretes by Micro Silica 920-D, CI-Premier Private limited, Singapore concrete Institute.
[8] Mohammad Abdur Rashid: (2009) "Considerations in producing high strength concrete "journal of civil engineering (IEB) 37 (1) (2009) 53 – 63.
[9] M. Yaqub "Development of mix design for high strength concrete" CI-Premier Private limited, Singapore concrete Institute.
[10] M.R. Taylor, (1996) F.D. "Mix proportions for high strength concrete "Construction and Building Material Vol. 10 NO.6, PP 445 -450 , 1996.