iosr-JMCE   Volume-10 ~ Issue-3

Abstract: The performance of Flexible Pavement depends on the functions of the component layers especially Sub-base layers. Generally Sub-base layers are made up of natural soils like Gravels. Frequently gravel soils composed of high amount of fines which causes plasticity characteristics with adsorption of moisture under heavy loads and repeated traffic. Excess deformation leading several failure which require huge investment of money for their repairs. To reduce the excess deformation of the gravel soils and to increase the life period of the pavement there is a need to arrest their plastic characteristics and stabilization is one such techniques to improve the gravel soils by addition of industrial wastes. In this connection Crusher Dust has been selected as a Stabilizer to improve their qualities.

[1]. IS 2720: Part 4: 1985 Methods of Test for Soils - Part 4: Grain Size Analysis.
[2]. IS 2720: Part 8: 1987 Methods of Test for Soils - Part 8: Determination of water Content and Dry Density Relation Using Heavy Compaction.
[3]. IS 2720: Part 16: 1987 Methods of Test for Soil – Part 16 : Laboratory Determination of CBR.
[4]. Gourley C. S. and Greening, P. A. K. (1997), "Use of Sub-standard Laterite Gravels as Road Base Materials in Southern Africa", International Symposium on Thin Pavements, Surface Treatments and Unbound Roads, University of New Brunswick, Canada.
[5]. Hausmann, M.R. (1990): Engineering Principles of Ground Modification, McGraw Hill Book Company, New Delhi.
[6]. MORTH specification For Road and Bridge Works, published by IRC 2001.

Abstract: An experimental study was conducted to characterize erythrophleum suaveolens (Gwaska) charcoal. The test was conducted for proximate analysis (involving the determination of moisture content, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon) and ultimate analysis (involving the determination of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen sulphur and calorific value) of erythrophleum suaveolens charcoal. The determined values of moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon were 0.94%, 6.13%, 6.77% and 86.16% respectively. Also the determined values of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur and calorific value were 77.5%, 9%, 5.48%, 1.89%, 0.003% and 7158.6995 Kcal/Kg respectively. Therefore, the gwaska charcoal satisfies the blast furnace requirements for moisture, ash and sulphur in Nigeria. However, its volatile matter exceeds the specified limit except for Indian standard practice. The erythrophleum suaveolens charcoal's thermal properties showed that it could compete favourably with coke and therefore can be an excellent reducing fuel for the production of iron.

Keywords: Erythrophleum suaveolens charcoal, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, coke

[1]. Adeleke, A.O., Makan, R.S. and Ibitoye, S.A. (2006). Characterization of Ajaokuta Coke for Blast Furnace Iron making. Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, jmmce.org Vol. 5, No.2, pp 155-165. Printed in the USA. All rights reserved.
[2]. Alex, Abutu. Nigeria's Federal Government Loses N1 Billion to Illegal Charcoal, Wood Export. http://allafrica.com/stories. Retrieved 2012-11-20
[3]. Ayensu, E.S., 1978. Medicinal plants of West Africa. Reference Publication, Michigan. P 330
[4]. Brouwer, R. C., Schoone, E.E. and Toxopeus, H.L., (1992). "Coal Injection driven to the limits", Iron and Steel Engineer, Vol. 69, No 12, pp. 22.

Abstract: Noise pollution degrades environment and also causes health hazard to human beings. In urban areas major sources of noise pollution are traffic and construction activities. Available guide lines for noise pollution have been reviewed in the paper. Measurement of noise levels at selected locations reported in the paper, for example, railway stations, use of machinery at construction sites, etc., was made and compared with the guide line values. It has been observed that the noise level at all locations exceeds the value prescribed by the competent authorities. At the pedestrian locations the noise level is 60 dB to 110 dB. At the railway crossing the noise level is 45 dB to 110 dB. The above inference shows that the noise pollution is paramount at all sources. Due to the various adverse impacts of noise on humans and environment, noise should be controlled. The conclusion drawn from this study is that the technique or the combination of techniques to be employed for noise control depends upon the extent of the noise reduction required, nature of the equipment used and the economy aspects of the available techniques.

Keywords: noise, construction noise, noise pollution, noise control, noise attenuation

[1]. Vidyasagar T. and Rao, G. N., Noise Pollution Levels in Visakhapatnam City (India). Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 48, 139-142, (2006).
[2]. Thangadurai N., Venkateswaran, P. and Jeevanraj, S., Evaluation and analysis of noise quality of Ambur, TamilNadu, India. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 47, 7-12, (2005).
[3]. Anon., Assessment and Control of Noise Pollution in Mining Industry, Proceedings of National Seminar held by Institution of Engineers at Madras, (1989).
[4]. Rao, P.R., Noise Pollution and Control, Encyclopedia of Environmental Pollution and Control, Vol.-2, Environmedia Publications, India, (1995), ed.
[5]. Muralikrishna, K V S G, Air Pollution and Control, Kaushal & Co., Kakinada, AP, (1995), ed.

Abstract: Strength and ductility of concrete members can be significantly improved with lateral confinement, usually achieved by using a steel tube casing. The concrete confinement can be utilized to make bridge lighter and have longer spans.

[1] Roeder C.W., Cameron, B. and Brown, C.B. "Composite action in concrete filled tubes. Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 125(5), pp. 477-484, 1999.
[2] Varma, A.H., Ricles, J.M., Sause, R. and Lu, L.W." Experimental behavior of high strength square concrete-filled steel tube beam-columns", Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 128(3), pp. 309-318, 2002.
[3] Zhen, Z., Chen, B. and Wu, Q. "Recent development of CFST arch bridge in China", Proceeding of 6th ASCCS Conference, U.S.A., pp. 205-212. 2000.
[4] Clawson, W.C. "Bridge applications of composite construction in the U.S.", Structural Engineering in the 21st Century, Proceedings of the 1999 Structures Congress, pp. 544-547. 1999.
[5] Nakamura, S. " New structural forms for steel/concrete composite bridges". Structural Engineering International, Journal of the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), pp. 45-50, 2000.