IOSR-JHSS   Volume-8 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb-2013

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	"Governance and Provision of Health Security: A Case Study of the Implementation of the National Rural Health Mission Programme in East Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya"
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Priyanka K. Nongkynrih
	:	10.9790/0837-0810106

Abstract: The provision of human security in terms of food and health by the Government is an important indicator of good governance. This is more so in a state which is largely rural in nature, where the poverty level is high and the basic access to healthcare facilities is negligible. The health indicators in the state of Meghalaya are not too impressive. Infant Mortality Rate is as high as 55(SRS 2011) and it is reported that one in every four children is severely underweight (NFHS 3). To add to this the health indicators of women is also far from good. The state has a high Maternal Mortality Rate as well as high Total Fertility Rate. The NRHM Vision (2005- 2012) has identified Meghalaya as one of the states having weak public health indicators and infrastructure. The weak health indicators and infrastructure bears testimony to the fact that until and unless the Government takes a more proactive role, large group of the marginalized section will not enjoy any form of health security. In this context therefore it becomes important for us to understand the role played by the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in ensuring health security to the marginalised group. Both primary and secondary sources have been used. Primary sources included government reports and document; while Secondary sources included the use of reference books and newspapers.

Keywords: East Khasi Hills, Health Security, Infant Mortality Rate, Maternal Mortality Rate, National Rural Health Mission.

[1] United Nations Millennium Summit 2000, www.un.org/millennium/summit.htm retrieved on 22nd September 2012
[2] National Rural Health Mission (2005-2012) Mission Document, www.mohfw.nic.in/NRHM/Documents/Mission_Document
retrieved on 20th September 2012
[3] SRS Bulletin, New Delhi, Volume 46, No. 1, December 2011
[4] National Family Health Survey 3 (2005-06), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
[5] Dept. of Community and Rural Development, Government of Meghalaya www.megcnrd.nic.in/ retrieved on 20th September 2012
[6] National Rural Health Mission, Govt. of Meghalaya, www.meghealth.nic.in/nrhm/hmis.html retrieved on 30th January 2013
[7] Health Statistical Handbook 2011-12, HMIS Division, NRHM, Meghalaya
[8] Sample Registration System 2011
[9] NRHM Annual Report 2011-12, District Health Society, East Khasi Hills, Meghalaya
[10] State Programme Implementation Programme 2010-11 www.pipnrhm.mohfw.nicin/.../Meghalaya retrieved on 24th September 2012

Abstract: Health insurance as a tool to finance healthcare has very recently gained popularity in India. Government has been putting serious efforts to introduce health insurance for the poor in recent years in order to improve access of poor to quality medical care and for providing financial protection against high medical expenses. There have been several attempts to introduce similar schemes in other states but Andhra Pradesh has been one of the only states to successfully roll out the scheme. The Insurance scheme covered 198.25 lack families out of total across 229.11 Lack families (87% families covered) residing in 27138 villages 1128 mandals of all districts of the State in five Phases. The scheme started with 330 procedures covered and has been gradually extended to 938 procedures. The majority of beneficiaries utilizing the scheme are illiterate and have a rural address. Since inception of the scheme (01.04.2007) till 18th January 2013- 35713 Medical camps were held by the network hospitals in rural areas. Total Surgeries/Therapies done by under this scheme is 1753466, Government is 440655 and Private is 1312811.
Key words: Health Insurance, Aarogyasri Health insurance scheme, Community Health insurance, Healthcare, Healthcare Expenditure.

[1] Aarogyasri Healthcare Trust (2010): Rajiv Aarogyasri Health Insurance Scheme Brochure.
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46(5):15-19.
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Pradesh health insurance scheme", The National Medical Journal of India, vol. 24, no. 6, 2011, pp. 335-341.

Abstract: In this paper an effort has been made to look in to the real problems of the new democratic political set up and compare with the past governments. Restoration of democracy in Pakistan is a good sign. However common peoples not get its crop. Supremacy of ineffectual persons at each level and violation of rule of law spoil the democratic system. The government style in Pakistan lethargic, centralized, dominating definitely bureaucratic and feudalist. It can not keep up with the new technological age, which is extremely competitive. Lack of constructive education and democratic behavior are also major problems in Pakistan. Common peoples badly effected with extremely high price daily use things and high price electricity and fuel etc. Violation of merit, unemployment and harassment are major problems. The privileged of democracy made tall promises but after voted they betrayed and the peoples have lost trust in hideous system in the name of democracy. When our top leaders disobey the superior court and violate the rule of law. How we can expect the supremacy of rule and law at lower level. It is concluded that new coalition government would be a frail judged by any average. Like the other nations Pakistan also face many problems and challenges. We can improve and save democratic system with the help of constructive education, positive think and democratic behavior. Positive education raises the benefits of civic commitment. Democracy not only brings political freedom and human rights, but that it is also a driving force behind economic growth and development. If Pakistan takes sensible steps by making use of their constructive and positive ability democratic system will be able to safe and stable

[1] Interview: "Democracy needs to be extended to all levels of governance" KDUN http:// www.kdun.org/1059/democracy-globalgovernance.
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[3] Herald, The Great Land Robbery, Kamila Hayt, The age of the vigilate, June 2008, vol. 39, No. 6, P. 27.
[4] A. Q. Khan, Pakistan‟s defective education,
[5] http://www.pakspectator.com/army-and-democracy-in-pakistan/
[6] According to Saeed Shafqat, , New Perspectives on Pakistan Vision For The Future, Oxford University Press, 2007, P. 377.
[7] Dawn, Sunday, June 17, 2007. Anwar Sayed, Wide Open to Abuse.
[8] Leadership and Human Behavior.http://www.nwlink.com/ ~ donclark/leader/leader/leadhb.htm/
[9] Shahid Javid Burki, Pakistan Fifty Years of Nationhood, Vanguard, Books Pvt, Ltd. Lahore, 1999, PP. 176-177.
[10] Concepts of Leadership, http://www.nulink.com/~ donclark/leader/leadcon.htm/

Abstract: This paper argues that the word Jihad is commonly translated into English as "the holy war‟ and for a long while now the word has been interpreted so that it has become synonymous with a mania of religion. But the word Jihad does not mean "holy war.‟ The concept of "holy war‟ does not occur in the term Jihād, which in Arabic would be al-ħarb al-muqaddasah الحرب المقدست . Thus the Arabic word "Jihad' has neither the connotation of ''holy'' nor that of ''war''. Islam simply put an end to the wars of aggression and permitted only defensive war under certain conditions after all effort to keep the peace has failed and enemy impose was on the Muslim State. Such defensive war is permitted in order to restore the condition of peace, but not to disturb the peace. Islam does not advocate "the law of the jungle and does not give Muslims any right to take life of others. Jihad is not terrorism; terrorism is under no circumstances permissible in Islam. But It is apparent that the understanding of Jihad as a concept is dismally blurred and employed by the extremists, and the only way to dispel the false notions of Jihad put forth by the extremists, who are massively funded by external sources, is an equally strong effort put forth by Muslim governments in re-education of their populations, in particular the youth, with a correct understanding of this term.

Key words: al-ħarb al-muqaddasah, Jihad, terrorism, and holy war.

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