IOSR-JHSS   Volume-7 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb-2013

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Knowledge, Attitude and Risk Perception of Hiv/Aids among Youths in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Osonwa, O.K; Ogbuagu, U.R; Iyam, M.A; Osuchukwu N. C , Eko, J.E; Achoakawa, C.E;Osonwa, R.H; Asuquo, O.D; Onovo, A.A.
	:	10.9790/0837-0710108

Abstract:This study was carried out to find out the knowledge, attitude and risk perception of HIV/AIDS among Youths in Calabar, Nigeria. The simple random sampling techniques was used to select five hundred respondents used as the sample for the study. Secondary data were obtained from relevant documents and it provided the background information on HIV/AIDS and other related issues. Primary data constituted the inputs used for the empirical analysis of the study, obtained through the administration of questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using frequency tables and percentages. The findings show that the awareness of HIV/ AIDS is high, but the risky sexual habits remains unimaginably high. It is recommended that other approaches of sensitization apart from the television medium should be exploited, and religious bodies fully involved in HIV/AIDS activities.
Keywords: Hiv/Aids, Attitudes, Risk, Perception, Youths.

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Abstract: The paper is an attempt to find out the impact of maternal occupation on health and nutritional status of preschool children. The nutritional status of children was assessed using anthropometric data, clinical assessment and diet record. The anthropometric data were taken and compared with ICMR growth charts and nutritional status was assessed by Hamwi Method, which is also used to find the degree of malnutrition (i.e. % IBW= (actual weight / ideal body weight) x 100). There is almost a negative deviation from the standards regarding almost all age groups of both working and non working mothers. It was found that 34% of preschoolers of working mothers usually skip meals, whereas only 12 % preschoolers of non working mothers skipped meals. It was further found that children of employed mothers of 3+ age group showed mild degree of malnutrition. It is evident that maternal occupation plays an indispensible task in seminal child feeding practices which may influence child's wellbeing and development.

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Abstract:The concept of reinforcement is identical to the presentation of a reward. The present study deals with the importance of reinforcement in teaching-learning process. The data has been collected from five schools in Bongaon Municipal Area, North 24 Pgs, West Bengal, India. A total of hundred (100) students of class – IX were taken who had been equally divided into experimental groups and control groups. The main independent variable for the present study was reinforcement. The dependent variable in the study was the behavior of the students. The result of this study supported the Skinner's operant conditioning theory.
Key Words: Operant Conditioning, Reinforcement, Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement.

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Abstract:Basically Indian economy is agro based. For proper and balanced development in this sector cultivation of those crops are needed which have more economic values. In this respect flower cultivation is more important. Chapra village in Ranaghat-II block, Nadia district, West Bengal flower is the first ranking crop. In respect of flower cultivation crop productivity Index (Enyedi, 1964) and Crop Yield Index (Jasbir Singh, 1976) has been calculated of different varieties of flowers for 2000-2001 and 2011-2012 crop calendar years. Both index values have increased remarkably in 2011-2012 respect of 2000-2001 crop calendar year. Area of flower culture has increased. Flower based industries are developing gradually. Irrigation facilities, knowledge banking, training opportunities, government subsidies, favourable agro-ecological environment is responsible for this development of floriculture in chapra village.
Keywords: Sunrise Industry, Yield Index, Productivity Index, NGO, NABARD.

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