IOSR-JHSS   Volume-5 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec-2012

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Circumfixation: Interface of Morphology and Syntax in Igbo Derivational Morphology
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	B.M. Mbah
	:	10.9790/0837-0560108

Abstract:This study is an attempt to describe circumfixation in the Igbo language. Its specific objectives include determining how circumfixation applies within and across lexical boundaries in the language. It tries to identify the types of circumfix in the language. It examines the tonal changes that occur in the process of circumfixation. The approach adopted in the study is morpho-syntactic. It shows how syntactic patterns are modifed to form morphological forms. The paper found out that circumfixation, contrary to popular view, is prevalent in the language. Furthermore, quite unlike in many languages where it has been reported to be highly irregular; it is to a large extent regular in Igbo. Tone plays an important role in the formation of words through circumfixation. After circumflection, the tone pattern of the root or stem is changed though the syllable structure of Igbo is retained. The discontinuous parts of the circumfix are each a syllable, one at the beginning and the other at the end of the root word. There are two types of circumflection in the language: the obligatory complement taking and the non-obligatory complement taking circumfixation. The non-obligatory complement taking circumfixation usually forms a free form, which can stand independently as any other lexical item of the language. On the contrary, in the obligatory complement taking circumfixation, the nature of the complement determines whether the discontinuous end of the circumfix is desyllabified or otherwise. If the following complement begins in a vowel, the circumfix loses the syllable status of the discontinuous end of the circumfix. It turns into a liaison thereby making the circumfix function as a bridge between the root word and the complement. The exception to this rule is in forming negatives. In the latter situation, a compound form is created while in the former two words in associative construction are recognised.

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Abstract:This paper investigates the impact of oil and gas exploration on the host communities of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. It is pertinent to note that while the people of the Niger Delta Region may have benefited from oil and gas exploration, the adverse economic, environmental, health, social, urbanization impacts of the operations outweigh the benefits. Among the negative impacts are emergence of new diseases, change in water quality, a reduction in the quality of mangroves, infertility of farm land, collapse of fisheries and shift in regional climate. However, despite the negative impacts, majority of the residents would still prefer that the oil companies change the way they conduct business rather than close oil and gas exploration in the region.

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Abstract:Health and social care profession is one of the most common professions in contemporary Britain. The health and social care industry is currently one of UK\'s largest employers. Over the years, there have been developments in the profession with more recognition to its status and more people getting into the work force. One major change to the profession is the creation of professional organisations which seems to protect and add more value to the profession. These professional organisations lay down ethical standards that professionals have to abide to in order to practice ethically. Some approaches to the ethical standards are normative (that is, they present standard of right or good action), others are descriptive (that is, they report what people believe and how they act), and still others analyze the concepts and methods of ethics (Beauchamp and Childress 1994). The morally prescribed behaviour (i.e., the "right" thing to do) would be a person's ethical duty, or moral obligation, in that situation. A theory of obligation is also a normative ethical theory because it presents rules of right and wrong conducts that apply to everyone

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Abstract:The feminist always tries to restore the tarnished image of the woman and glorify it. One evident trait among all the contemporary women writers in Indian writings in English is the revolutionary spirit with which they strive to write. Their writings are an explosion of suppressed desires and pent up feelings that have long been gathered. Women writers have proved that their writings are serious and require attention. They handle things efficiently balancing tradition and womanhood. To be a feminist is to be able to create a specific feminine mode of writing, fighting for the liberation of womenfolk in subjugation and all those forces within and outside the society that troubled the neat categories of the family and mutilated the feminine side of a woman. The infiltration of the western culture gave a serious blow to the Indian traditional life and women who epitomes were upholding the family regime gradually became transformed into women in search of their sole identities and in search of a liberated independence.

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