IOSR-JHSS   Volume-2 ~ Issue-6 ~ Sep-Oct-2012

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The modern use of optics design techniques to production visual Art works
Country	:	Egypt
Authors	:	Diaa Ahmed Mohamed Ahmedien
	:	10.9790/0837-0260107

Abstract:In this work, I did my best to reveal the possibility of using laser light to produce the visual art generally and as visual language in particular. Many optical designs have been built by using and controlling the path of laser beam to achieve the target of our work. The main objective of this work is to study the effect of the optical design variables in the formation methods of laser beam to produce visual art. From here we can say that, this research is considered an extension of the close relationship between optics science and art throughout the ages. In addition to these results of this research have become visual language in itself, as a result of using the close relationship between optics science and art in produced it.

[1] NASA, Optics: Light, Color, and Their Uses- an Educator's Guide with Activities in Science and Mathematics Marshall Space
Flight Center-2000, P40:44.
[2] Shaker Abdul-Hamid, the Strangeness in art, the Egyptian General Book Organization, first edition, Cairo, Egypt, 2011, P
133:134.
[3] Benjamin crowell, Optics, light and matter Fullerton, California, edition, 2.1 Rev, 2004, P 22:25.
[4] [4]- Raifah Mkabbant, conservation collaboration between art and Science, pace university, department of chemistry and physical
science, New York, USA, 2000, P 54.
[5] David präkel, photography lighting, Watson-Guptill Publications, USA, 2010, P55-57.
[6] Jonathan benthall, Science and technology in art today, Thames publishing, USA, 2005, P 47.
[7] Mark csele, fundamentals of light source and laser, published by John Wiley & Sons Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, 2005, P 65.
[8] Grouc.D, laser and material, published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, 2005, P 100.
[9] Harvey's, Optics, tools and material, published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, 2006, P 54
[10] Ophira phonics, laser beam analysis, user guide, new board Corporation brand, UAS, 2012, P21.

Abstract:This research papergives a comprehensive study of the structural forms, decorative designsand inlay work of themiḥrāb, marble fountain and kursi built in the sanctuary of the Faisal MosqueIslamabad. At first inlay work with lapis lazuli on themiḥrābof the mosque is mentioned. Secondly golden metallic inlay decoration of the walls and floor of the marble fountain is explained and lastly the technique is discussed with the reference to the kursi built in the sanctuary of the mosque.The technique is discussed along with knowledge of their historical applications in mosques throughout the Islamic world. The rich selection of geometric designs for these elements is described. Picture and drawings are by the author. The study is accompanied by one picture and six drawings.
Keywords: Fountain, Geometrical Design, Lapislazuli,Miḥrāb,Modern Architecture,Mughal, Stylized Design.

[1] Earnst J.Grube, The world of Islam (New York and Toronto, McGraw Hill, 1966).
[2] Richatd G.Tansey and Fred S.Kleiner, Gardner's art through the ages, 10th ed. (New York, Harcourt Brace CollegePublisher, 1996).
[3] Ibid.
[4] Renata Holod, and Hasan-Uddin Khan, The mosque and modern world (London, Thames and Hudson, 1997).
[5] Martin Frishman and Hasan-Uddin Khan, eds. The mosque (London, Thames and Hudson, 1994).
[6] Godfry Goodwin, History of Ottoman architecture (London, Thames and Hudson, 1971).
[7] Ibid.
[8] Andrew, Petersen, Dictionary of Islamic architecture (London and NewYork, Routledge 1996).
[9] George Michell, ed., Architecture of Islamic world (London, Thames and Hudson, 1978).
[10] R. Nath, Agra and its monumental glory (Bombay, Tarporevala Sons, 1977).

Abstract:Finding a single source of reference for having access to money in the 21st century is as easy as looking at the magician magically turning cards into money. Most of them would not agree with the above statement stating the difficulties faced by the rural India. Has micro finance played the role it was supposed to? This paper tries to validate the facts by providing a multi-dimensional approach to the progress of micro finance particularly in India and abroad. "If we are looking for one single action which will enable the poor to overcome their poverty, I would focus on credit" by Dr. Muhammad Yunus, Grameen Bank's founder truly created unparalleled curiosity in providing micro credit facilities to the poor in the form of group lending across the globe.

[1] The European voice of savings and retail banking (ESBG), September 2007.
[2] Micro Credit and Rural Poverty: An Analysis of Empirical Evidence, Pallavi Chavan , R Ramkumar
[3] Tina Wallace, Review of African Political Economy No.71:35-55, New Development Agendas: Changes in UK NGO Policies & Procedures;
[4] Kavaljit Singh and Daphne Wysham, "Micro-credit: Band-aid or wound?" The Hindustan Times, January 29, 1997.
[5] .
Webliography:
[6] http://banktani.tripod.com/microfinance.htm
[7] http://www.grameeninfo.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=218&Itemid=172&limit=1&limitstart=4
[8] http://profiles-non-profits.suite101.com/article.cfm/wokai_a_chinabased_microfinance_ngo#ixzz0W0OYJkWB
[9] http://www.grameen-info.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=22&Itemid=109
[10] http://www.gdrc.org/icm/model/1-credit-model.html

Abstract: This paper examines the industrial relation in India in the Era of liberalization. The main focus of this study is trends in Intensity of industrial disputes, its causes and the growth of trade unions in India during the year 1992 to 2011.Results indicates that there is satisfactory industrial relation in India, due to the growth of trade union and continuous decline in industrial strikes and lockout during the entire study period.
Keywords: Liberalization, Trend, Intensity, Disputes, Trade Union, lockout.

[1] S. Khurana, Industrial Relations in Private and Public Sector Industry in India: A Comparative Analysis, Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 7(3), January- 1972,411-431.
[2] M. Singh, Industrial Relations in Maharashtra, Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 18(4), April-1983, 549-567.
[3] M. Islam, Industrial Relations in Bangladesh, Indian Journal of Industrial Relations,19(2), October- 1983,161-189.
[4] Gani, Industrial Relations in Jammu and Kashmir, Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 26(1), July-1990, 53-67
[5] Saha and I. Pan, Industrial Disputes in India: An Empirical Analysis, Economic and Political Weekly, 29(18), April-1994, 1081-1087