IOSR-JHSS   Volume-2 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct-2012

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An Evaluation of Major Determinants of Health Care Facilities for Women in India
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Manisha A.Mehrotra, Ms. Saumya Chand
	:	10.9790/0837-0250109

Abstract:The women in India belong to various socio-economic backgrounds and are sometimes marginalized or neglected on the gender discrimination when it comes to basic healthcare The fact that the typical female advantage in life expectancy is not seen in India suggests that there are systematic problems with women's health. Indian women have high mortality rates, particularly during childhood and in their productive years. Most women who did not receive health care during pregnancy said they thought it was unnecessary. Another reason for the low levels of prenatal care is lack of adequate health care centers. It was estimated that 16 percent of the population in rural areas lives more than 10 kilometers away from any medical facility. Keeping these issues in mind this paper focuses on various determinants of health care facilities such as: Residence, Media Exposure, Females & Partner's Education and Females & their Partner's Employment, Religion of Household Head and Female's Economic Status.
Key words:Female child mortality, Gender discrimination, Health facility, Pre natal care, Socio-economic backgrounds

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Abstract:Research tells us that to really learn something, it takes attention, time, practice, effort, reflection, connection, and application—learning is not short-term regurgitation (Ratey, 2001). All of us are aware of the role of English in this fast changing world, particularly in the context of the national and cultural life and that's why the academic institutes are giving priority to this language. Learning a language involves various aspects. Besides its literary charm its learning has become paramount for various reasons. Basically in India it seems that teaching of communicative English has gained speed just to cope with the job market. This recent development has somehow squeezed the view of ‗Language teaching', with some what a mechanical approach to teaching ‗communication' or ‗language through literature'. But the supposed problem is that in the whole process the basics are given more priority than the advanced stages of literature which are thought of as some untrodden province secured for intellectuals like poets and novelists. Although Business communication is given utmost priority but on the other hand literary communication is also needed. Literary communication is one of the sophisticated ways of communication. When we try to testify the credibility of a language we search for its literature like its poetry, novels, and criticisms but not for the business letters, applications or corporate reports. Our students must play a much more active role in their learning if they are to deeply know and have the lifelong learning skills they will need to compete in a global environment

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Abstract:Test-anxiety is actually a type of performance anxiety- a feeling someone might have in a situation where performance really counts or when the pressure is on to do well. Test-anxiety is defined as the "set of phenomenological, physiological, and behavioral responses that accompany concern about possible negative consequences or failure on an exam or similar evaluative situation" (Zeidner, 1998). The present paper examined whether personality and behavioural factors were associated with test anxiety among school students. Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire, Test anxiety inventory, Self- Report Emotional Intelligence Scale and Junior Eyesenk Personality Questionnaire was used to assess reactive and proactive aggression, test anxiety, emotional intelligence and personality dimensions. The sample consisted of 143 school students of class 11 and 12 both males and females from different higher secondary schools in Kolkata. Students from all streams (science, humanities and commerce) were considered for the study. Results showed that reactive aggression, neuroticism and psychoticism were significantly positively correlated with test anxiety whereas emotional intelligence was significantly negatively correlated with it. Regression analysis revealed reactive aggression, emotional intelligence and neuroticism as possible predictors of test anxiety.
Key words: Aggression, Emotional intelligence, Personality, Test anxiety.

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Abstract: The responsibility of meeting the credit needs in the rural areas of India was entrusted primarily with the cooperative sector and later to the commercial banks. One of the major objectives of the nationalization of major commercial banks in 1969/1980 was to improve the flow of formal institutional credit to rural households. Although these measures were ambitious and laudable, bank credit did not reach the poor people in adequate quantum. The financial sector reforms begun in 1992 have been systematically moving away from the social objective of the banking sector. The formal financial sector in India is shifting its focus from "mass banking" to "super-class banking". Though banking sector has witnessed tremendous changes in recent periods in terms of technological advancements, internet banking, online money transfers, etc, "financial exclusion" is a reality. It is in this context that the term "financial inclusion" gains importance and it is defined as the process of ensuring access to financial services and timely and adequate credit needed by vulnerable groups such as weaker sections and low income groups at an affordable cost. In countries with a large rural population like India, financial exclusion has a geographic and social dimension. Geographic exclusion is exposed through inaccessibility; distances and lack of proper infrastructure. Building an inclusive financial sector has gained growing global recognition bringing to the fore the need for development strategies that touch all lives, instead of a select few. The overall strategy for financial inclusion, especially amongst the poor and disadvantaged segments of the population should comprise ways and means to effect improvements within the existing formal credit delivery mechanism, as well as an evolution of new models for extending outreach, and a leverage on technology solutions to facilitate large scale inclusion. Only two to five percent of the 500 million poorest households in the world have access to institutional credit. Of which, women receive a disproportionately small share of credit from formal banking institutions. The Women's Self Help Group movement is bringing about a profound transformation in rural areas of India. Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) play a significant role in facilitating inclusion, as they are uniquely positioned in reaching out to the rural poor.

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