IOSR-JHSS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-3 ~ Nov-Dec-2013

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Theme of Infanticide in Selected Anglo-American Literature
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Tanu Gupta, Ms. Ramandeep Mahal
	:	10.9790/0837-1730105

Abstract: The theme of infanticide has been seen as a prominant factor in all these works . I have applied this theme in my five works I have studied. These works cover the anglo american literature from 1859 to 1987.the works are George Eliot's Adam Bede,Eugene O'Neill's Desire Under the Elms,Edward Albee's The American Dream,Sam Shepard's The Buried Child and Toni Morrison's Beloved. The causes for the murder of infant range from shame of being shunned by the society,anger,lunacy , protection etc.The author's backgrounds also reveal a world of deranged families ,the search for love which made them write the following works.

Keywords : infanticide,shame,lunacy,love, infant, murder

[1] Eliot, George. Adam Bede.(1859). New York: Signet Classics, 2004. Print Beer, Patricia. Reader, I Married Him: A Study of the Women Characters of Jane Austen, Charlotte Bronte, Elizabeth Gaskell and George Eliot. London: The Macmillan Press Ltd: 1974.Print.

[2] Haight, Gordon S. George Eliot: A Biography. New York: Oxford UP, 1968. Print.

[3] Henry, Nancy. The Cambridge Introduction to George Eliot. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2008.

[4] Karpel, M.A. "Family Secrets." Family Process 19.1980

. [5] O'Neill, Eugene. "Desire Under the Elms." Masterpieces of the Drama. Trans. Richard Wilbur. Ed. D. Anthony English. 6th ed. New York: Macmillan, 1991. Print.

[6] Bogard, Travis. Contour in Time: The Plays of Eugene O'Neill. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. Print.

[7] Goldman, Arnold. The Vanity of Personality: The Development of Eugene O'Neill. Modern Critical Views: Eugene O'Neill. Ed: Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Print.

[8] Albee, Edward. "The American Dream". The Collected Plays of Edward Albee:1958-65. Vol 1. Woodstock, New York, London: Overlook Duckworth, 2004. Print

[9] Bigsby, C.W.E. Albee. New York: Chips Bookshop Better Alert than Numb: Albee Since the Eighties. Bottoms, New York: Chips Bookshop. Cambridge. 1969. Print

[10] Bottoms, Stephen, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Edward Albee. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2005. Print.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Postmodernist Perspective of Development and its applications on Contemporary Trends of Development in Africa: a review of the conjectures
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Adole Raphael Audu, Ayuba Kule Babale, Emmanuel Gwambeka
	:	10.9790/0837-1730611

Abstract: This paper seeks to examine the postmodernist perspective of development and its applications on the contemporary trends of development in Africa. The paper reveals that postmodernism is an aggressively expansive stage in global capitalism; the weakening of the centralized state power in developed and developing societies; the patterning of life by an increasingly powerful and penetrative technology that controls production and promotes consumerism and the development of liberationist social movement based not in class but in other forms of identity and nationalism such as race, gender, sexual orientation, the environment and the like. Secondary data was used for the paper. The paper contends that the postmodern society or late capitalism as it is also known has negatively affected the development of Africa as her cultural identity, attitude, behaviour and nationalism are gradually being replaced by a more dominant western culture as a result of globalization. The paper recommends among others that African leaders should endeavour to control the access and the use of the internet to protect the influence of western culture on the African continent.

Keywords: postmodernism, modernism, globalization, development, Africa.

[1]. L. Banjo "IMF, World Bank,WTO, the wicked machines of the imperialist" Sunday Tribnue Newspaper 23rd April 2000.P19

[2]. L. Banjo "IMF, World Bank, WTO, the wicked machines of the imperialist" Sunday Tribune Newspaper 23rd April 2000.P19

[3]. K. Marx, from modern to postmodern social theory (and beyond). Contemporary theories of modernity in Ritzer, G.( ed.) New Delhi McGraw Hill Publication. 2008

[4]. M. Weber, From Modern to postmodern social theory (and beyond): Contemporary theories of Modernity in Ritzer G), Ed. New Delhi Mc 2008

[5]. A. Giddens, Juggernaut of Modernity in Ritzer, G. (Ed.) Modern sociological theory. New Delhi McGraw- Hill 2008

[6]. W.W Rostow, Case of developed and developing countries in Johari J.C New Comparative Government. (Ed.) New Delhi Lotus press 2006

[7]. J.C Johari, New Comparative Government Lotus Press, New Delhi 2006

[8]. Kuhn J.F Lyotard,) postmodern conditions: A Report on knowledge. Minneapolis MN: University of Minnesota Press. 1984

[10]. J. Baudrillard, Extreme postmodern social theory in Ritzer, G (Ed.) Modern sociological theory. New Delhi McGraw-Hill. 2008

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Changing of Laws Characteristics on Rights Determination of Children Born out of Wedlock on the Frame of Legal Pluralism in Indonesia
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Hartini, Mahaarum Kusuma Pertiwi, Destri Budi Nugraheni, Khotibul Umam
	:	10.9790/0837-1731215

Abstract: Children born out of wedlock always get discrimination in social, religion and law aspects in Indonesia. Almost all of the applicable legal systems in Indonesia, such as Adat law, civil law that is codified in the Civil Code, and Islamic law initially provide the regulation that marginalizes the rights of children born out of wedlock. When the international laws and policies are implemented and deal with regional, ethnic and religious entities, it has resulted mixed responses. This is reflected in Indonesian law especially regarding to the rights of children born out of wedlock after the enactment of the Law No. 23 of 2002 on Child Protection, in which it protects the children's rights in accordance with the basic principles of the Children Right Convention. This study intends to describe the law character which has plural system, in regulating the rights of children born out of wedlock after the enactment of the Law on Child Protection.

Keywords: Children born out of wedlock, Children's Right, Law Characteristics.

[1] J. Satrio, The Family Law on the Status of Children in the Law, (Bandung:, Citra Aditya Bakti, 2005).
[2] D. Prinst, Indonesian Law on Children, (Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti, 2003).
[3] [3] J. Girsang, The Treatment of the Case of Petition of Recognition od Children Born out of Wedlock in Practical Aspect, National Seminar on Status of Illigimate Children After The Judicial Review on Marriage Law Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010, Padjajaran University, Bandung 03 April 2012.
[4] M.D. Ali, Islamic Law: The Introduction of Law and the Structure of Islamic Law in Indonesia, (Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 1996).
[5] S. Irianto, et.al., The Movement of Law: the Study of Anthropology of Law, (Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2009)
[6] F. Djamil, The Recognition of Illigimate Child, in C.T. Yanggo (Ed.), The Problem of Islamic Law Contemporary, (Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus, 1999)
[7] R. Lukito, Secred and Secular Laws, (Jakarta: Alvabet, 2008 )
[8] B. Muhammad, Core Principles of Adat Law, (Jakarta: PT. Pradnya Paramita, 2006]. See also I. Sudiyat, Adat Law: Principles Sketch, (Yogyakarta: Liberty 2007)
[9] H. Hadikusuma, Introduction of Indonesian Adat Law, (Bandung: Mandar Maju, 2003)
[10] W. Prodjodikoro, Law Among Indonesian Group, (Bandung: PT. Bale, 1985)

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Reducing Paper Use through Wider Deployment of New Office Technologies in Business Organizations in Enugu Capital City, Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Okoye H.I., Obi C. A.
	:	10.9790/0837-1731621

Abstract: The myth of green and paperless office may still be with us but there are today new technologies corporate organizations can deploy to significantly reduce paper use in order to cut cost and become more environmentally-friendly. This study determined the extent organizations in Enugu Capital City deploy new office technologies for reducing paper use. The population comprised 186 employees made up of 130 office managers and 56 IT professionals. The entire population was used. The instrument was a structured questionnaire validated by three experts while reliability was established using Chronbach Alpha which yielded a high reliability co-efficient of 0.87. Two research questions were formulated to guide the study. Data collected were analyzed to answer the research questions using mean and standard deviation, while z-test was used to test two null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The major findings of the study showed that the organizations still rely heavily on physical paper instead of deploying new office technologies to reduce paper use. Based on the findings, it was recommended, inter-alia, that business organizations should, as matter of policy, take concrete steps to convert their paper documents to electronic platforms for economy, greater efficiency, and greener environment.

Key words: deployment, green environment, medium-sized organizations, new technologies, paper, paper use.

[1] Dictionary.com (2013). Paper definition. Random House Inc. Available @ http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/paper.
[2] Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary (2013). Merriam-Webster Incorporated. Available @ http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/deployment.
[3] Confederation of Paper Industries (2013). Paper and its uses – fact sheet. Retrieved from http://www.paper.org.uk on 02/05/2013. [4] Obi, C.A. (2011). Elements of Business. 3rd ed. Enugu: De-Verge Agencies Ltd. [5] Microsoft Encarta (2009). Technology. Microsoft Incorporation.

[6] Okoye, H.I. (2012). Quality assurance and new technologies in Office Technology and Management Education. A paper presented at the 24th Annual National Conference of the Association of Business Educators of Nigeria (ABEN). Owerri: 16 – 20 October.
[7] Lehman, L.B. (2007). Supervisor or manager: what is in a name? Rising Sun Consultants Ltd. Retrieved from www.risingsundconsultants.com on 10/01/2013.
[8] Pirillo, C. (2007). What is your definition of IT professionals? Lockergnome, Inc. Available @ http://lockergnome.com/it/2007/08/06. Retrieved on 08/05/2013.
[9] Reduce.org (2013). Become a paperless office. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. Retrieved from http://156.98.19.245/paper/#3Es on 20/03/2013.

[10] Standard Chartered Bank (2010). Reducing and eliminating paper consumption: a best guide for corporate offices. Shangai: Edition 1, May..