IOSR-JHSS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-3 ~ Sep-Oct-2013

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Challenges of Primary Education Level in Tanzania. Case study Tarime district
Country	:	China
Authors	:	Ghati Chacha, Ye zhong
	:	10.9790/0837-1630106

Abstract: Primary education in Tanzania is an important part in the foundation of receiving education. However, the challenges facing primary education implementation in the rural areas where majority of Tanzanians lives are still not well understood. Different reasons even though are in the sensitive part but it facing a lot of challenges especially in the village.The qualitative study was done in the Tarime district in rural villages. The study tookthe two selected villages to represent rural areas in Tanzania, Bungurere and kobori village were the selected one. Sampling technique was used select 6teachers from Bungurere and kobori primary school each school 3 of them, however 8 parents (families) each village two parents (families). Data were tape recorded as analyzed content analysis method.This study found teaching and learning materials process, parents' education and environment position as well as family income are very big Challenge in many rural areas in Tanzania.In order to overcome such challenges in primary education level societies are needed to provide the necessary assistance especially psychological support for parents as well as teaching and learning materials process. In the mean of everyone has the chance to challenges facing the foundation of education in Tanzania.

Key words-Education, Primary education, qualitative study, Tanzania, Tarime

[1] Nyerere, J.K., 1967. Education for Self Reliance.United Republic of Tanzania, Arusha.

[2] Woods, Eric (2007) Tanzania country case study: Country profile prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report. UNESCO. Available unesdoc.unesco.orgpdf
[3] UnitedRepublicofTanzania(1999).Development Vision 2025. www.tanzania.go.tz/vision.htm

[4] Kuleana (1999). The State of Education in Tanzania: Crisis and Opportunity. Mwanza, Kuleana in Tanzania: Debate and Action. Dar es Salaam, University of Dar es Salaam Convocation.

[5] Galabawa, C. J., F. E. M. K. Senkoro, et al., Eds. (2000). The Quality of Education in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam, University of Dar es Salaam Faculty of Education.

[6] Lwaitama, A. F., E. P. Mtalo, et al., Eds. (2001). The Multi-dimensional Crisis of Education

[7] Rajani, R. (2001). Situational Analysis of Children in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam, UNICEF.

[8] United Republic of Tanzania (2004a). Primary Education Development Plan: Progress Report for the Financial year 2002/03. Dar es Salaam, MoEC& PORALG.

[9] ushie, emeka, ononga, &owolabi (2012) influence of family structure on students' academic performance in agege local government area, lagos state, Nigeria.

[10] Richard Schulz, 2005, Dementia Care and Quality of Life in Assisted Living and Nursing Homes. U.S.A

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Failure of Formal Education in India – A Blessing for Child Labour?
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. K. Chandrasegaran
	:	10.9790/0837-1630722

Abstract: In this article an attempt is made to examine the education policy of the State in relation to children below the age of fourteen in India. It is specifically related to child labor and more so, in the context of the need for protection of their rights through appropriate measures more particularly, via compulsory education. The discussion is wrapped in three sections. The first one brings in the influence of education on the growth and development of mankind, the second one devotes to the scheme of 'wholesome childhood' envisaged in various provisions of the Constitution and finally, the discussion exposes the dual speak of the State. The critical part of the analysis highlights the difference between formal and non - formal education and further unravels the sympathy of the State towards non - formal education to favour employment of children in the name of social justice but in reality to sustain child labour.

1 Chaturvedi Badrinath, The Dharmic Law: International Protection of Rights, The Times of India, May 6, 1995, 12

2 Indian Express, September 6, 1994, 11

3 The Hindu, March 22, 1994, 26

4 Mainstream, August 20, 1994, 14

5 The Hindu, March 22, 1994, 26

6 Article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948; Principle

7 of the Declaration of The Rights of Child, 1959; Article 13 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966; Article 2

8 of the Convention on the Rights of Child, 1989 7 The Hindu, March 8, 1994, 26 8 The Hindu, September 13, 1994, 26

9 AIR 1993 SC 2178

10 ibid. 2187

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Social Media Use among Students of Universities in South-East Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Greg H. Ezeah, Chika Euphemia Asogwa, Edogor, Ignatius Obiorah
	:	10.9790/0837-1632332

Abstract: The use of social media like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube is a prevalent phenomenon among Nigerian university students. This work particularly examined the use of social media among students of selected universities in South-East Nigeria. The study was conducted using survey research method, with 300 as sample; multi-stage sampling technique was applied to draw the samples and questionnaire was the measuring instrument. Tables, mean, a pie chart and standard deviations were used for data presentation and analyses. The study found out that students use social media for purposes of getting entertainment, education/information; they use social media to discuss national issues, engage in cyber crimes and expose themselves to pornography. So, the students' use of social media reduces the time they devote to their studies. From these findings, the researchers recommended that there ought to be social media Acts that would stipulate the dos and don'ts in the students and public uses of social networking sites in Nigeria.

Keywords: Social media, internet, ICTs, messages, information, education.

[1]. Ahmad, S. (2011). YouTube usage and behaviour change among Nigerian university students. In Journal of education and sociology, Vol.4 (2), pp. 32-42
[2]. Anim, E. (2007). The influence of geo-political affiliations on newspapers‟ coverage of national issues. International journal of communication: an interdisciplinary journal of communication studies, No.6, pp.1-12.
[3]. Baran, S. J. & Davies, D. K (2012). Mass communication theory foundations, ferment, and future. United States of America: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
[4]. Baran, S. J. (2010). Introduction to mass communication: media literacy and culture (6th ed.), New York: McGraw-Hill.
[5]. Boyd, D. M. & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: definition, history and scholarship. Journal of computer-mediated communication, (13)1, article 11. Retrieved from: http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol13/issue1/boyd.ellison.html. Accessed on December 17, 2011.
[6]. Essoungou, A.M. (2010). Young Africans put technology to new uses (Kenyan software a tool for political participation). Africa Renewal. United Nations Department of Public Information (24) 1. pp. 2-22.
[7]. Federal Ministry of Communication Technology (January 9, 2012). National Information and Communication Technology (ICT) policy draft. Pp. 1-55.
[8]. Folarin, B. (2002). Theories of mass communication: an introductory text: Abeokuta-Nigeria: Link Publications.
[9]. Folorunso, O., Vincent, R.O., Adekoya, A. F & Adewale, O. O. (2010). Diffusion of innovation in social networking sites among university students. International journal of computer science and security (IJCSS), (4)3, pp.361-372.
[10]. Haridakis, P. & Hanson, G. (2009). "Social interaction and co-viewing with YouTube: blending mass communication reception and social connection." Journal of broadcasting and electronic media, pp. 317-335.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Depression and Life Satisfaction among Married & Unmarried Women
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ruchi Sundriyal, Dr. Ravindra Kumar
	:	10.9790/0837-1633336

Abstract: The main objective of the present study is to examine the depression and life satisfaction among married and unmarried women. A sample of 60 women (30 married & 30 unmarried) was drawn randomly from the population. Beck Depression Inventory-II by Aron T Beck and Life Satisfaction Scale by Dr. Q.G. Alam & Dr. Ramji Srivastava were used for data collection. Data was collected by face to face interview method. Mean, standard deviation and't' test were the statistics calculated. The results indicate that there is significant difference regarding depression and life satisfaction between married and unmarried woman. Results revealed that unmarried women have higher depression in compare to married women. On life satisfaction scale unmarried women have higher life satisfaction in compare to married women.

Keywords: Depression, Life Satisfaction, Married women and Unmarried women.

[1] World Health Organization, World suicide prevention day 2012 Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/events/annual/world_suicide_prevention_day/en/Accessed 16.6.2012.

[2] World Health Organization, The Global Burden of Disease 2004 updates. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf Accessed 16.6.2012

[3] Rahman A, Patel V, Maselko J, Kirkwood B., The neglected 'm' in MCH programmes–why mental health of mothers is important for child nutrition. 13: 2008, 579-83
[4] Beutell, N, References & Research: Life Satisfaction. Retrieved from http://wfnetwork.bc.edu/encyclopedia_entry.php?id=3283

[5] Kashima, Y., Kokubo, T., Kashima, E.S., Boxall, D., Yamaguchi, S. & Macrae, K., Culture and self: are there within-culture differences in self between metropolitan areas and regional cities? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 30 (7) 2004, 816-823

[6] Wright, T.A. & Cropanzano, R., Psychological well-being and job satisfaction as predictor of job performance Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5 (1) 2000, 84-94