IOSR-JHSS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-3 ~ Sep-Oct-2013

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Impact of Son Preference on 3rd Birth Transition in Manipur: A Logistic Regression Analysis
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Ph. Kamala Devi
	:	10.9790/0837-1530104

Abstract: Using cluster sampling technique, a cross sectional as well as community based study of 1029 currently married women was conducted in four valley districts (Bisnupur, Imphal East, Imphal West and Thoubal) of Manipur, a north eastern border state of India. The sample survey was completed during August, 2011 to February, 2012. Logistic regression analysis explores the significant causal factors of 3rd birth transition to be low education (P<0.01), sex of 2nd birth (P<0.05) and couple's desire number of son (P<0.01). And son preference is observed to be most influencing on 3rd birth phenomenon.

Key words: replacement fertility, 2nd live birth, sex at birth, education, odds ratio,

[1]. Hussain R, Fikree FF, Berendes HW. The role of son preference in reproductive behavior in Pakistan. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, 2000; 78(3): 379-388.

[2]. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and Macro International, National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3): 2005-06, India: Key Findings. IIPS Mumbai, 2007

[3]. International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), 2005-06, Manipur, 2008: 46.

[4]. Khawaja M, Randall A. Intifada Palestinian fertility and women's education. Genus, 2006; LXII(1): 21-51.

[5]. Nath DC, Deka AK. The importance of son in a traditional society: How elderly parents see it? Demography India, 2004; 33(1): 33-46.

[6]. Nath DC, Leonetti DL. Correlates of coital bpatterns in a traditional Indian society. In: R.C. Yadava (ed). Dynamics of population change (Emerging issues of 21st Century). Shipra Publication, Delhi, 2011: 57-67.

[7]. Singh NS, Narendra RK, Hemochandra L. Determinants of waiting time to conception in Manipuri women. Kuwait Medical Journal, 2007; 39(1): 39-43.

[8]. Singh NS, Singh NS, Narendra RK. Survival analysis of duration of waiting time to conception. Electronics Journal of Applied Statistical Analysis, 2011; 4(2): 144-154.

[9]. Vignoli D. Fertility change in Egypt: From second to third birth. MPIDR Working Paper 2006-011, 2006.

[10]. Yadava RC, Sharma SS. Closed birth interval versus most recent closed birth intervals. Demography India, 2004; 33(2): 249-263.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Perception and Attitude of Students of Tertiary Institutions towards Entrepreneurship Eduction In Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Usman Y. Dutse, Usman P. Mamaki, Idrissa Djibo
	:	10.9790/0837-1530508

Abstract: Entrepreneurship education in Nigeria was introduced into the schools curriculum with the aim of providing knowledge directed towards developing and inculcating into the students skills, competences, understanding and attributes that will equip them to be innovative, and to identify, create, initiate, and successfully manage personal, community, business and work opportunities. This study is on the perception and attitude of students in tertiary institutions towards entrepreneurial education in Nigeria schools. Questionnaire and interview were the instrument used and accidental sampling technique was adopted to select 300 respondents from two tertiary institutions of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi and Federal Polytechnic Bauchi. Mean, rank order and t-test where the tools employed for the data analysis. It was found out that, majority of the respondents believes entrepreneurial education is a good policy and it has come to stay, they see it as a possible solution to the problem of high level unemployment, through self employment and job creation, source of revenue to government; will promote industrialization, innovation and technology. But they are of the opinion that the prospect of the programme will hardly be achieved due to poor policy implementation and other environmental factors.

[1]. Akunjobi, A.A (2002) Rudiment of Entrepreneurship Education for Universal Basic Education Vocational Renaissance. Vol. 1 No 1 Gonagol ventures, Kano
[2]. Aminu, H.M and Dutse, Y. U (2012) The Place of Entrepreneurial Education in Technical Education in Nigeria. A Paper presented at a conference of Nigeria Academy of Education 27th Annual conference.
[3]. Balogun, M.D. (2004) Development of Entrepreneurial Potentials for Strategic Advantages: Nigerian Journal of Institute of Management 40 (2,3, x 4) pp 22 – 26.
[4]. Chibuadu, E.E. (2011) Entrepreneurship and Economic Empowerment: Concepts, Attributes, Empowerment and Process. A Paper delivered at Federal Collage of Education (Technical), Akoka, at student Union week.
[5]. Hill, and Welsh H. (1986) Entrepreneurship Behavioufial Intentions and Students Independence Characteristics and Experiences.
[6]. Kenyon, J. (2002) Enterprise – Based Youth Employment Policies, Strategies and Programmes. Draft report to Ilo, Geneva.
[7]. Momoh, G. (2008). Business Education and Entrepreneurship. Bichi Journal of Business Education, Kano.
[8]. Ndububa, E.E. (2009) Introduction to Teachers Guide Paper presented at the in House capacity Building workshop for Academic staff on entrepreneurship education. Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi.
[9]. Olubadewo, S.O (2010) Global Economic Meltdown: Implications for Nigerian Education. African Journal of Academic Excellence pg. 1-10
[10]. Rae, D. (2008) Using a Life Story in Entrepreneurship Learning, the Development of Conceptual Model and its Implication in the Design learning Experiences, Education and Training. 42 (415), 220 – 227.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Indo-Afghan Relations after September 11: Implications for Pakistan
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Rahil Majeed Lone, Naseer Ahmed Kalis
	:	10.9790/0837-1530914

Abstract: This paper will analyse the Indian engagement in Afghanistan as soft power since September 11, and its impact on Pakistan. This approach has threatened Pakistan as Pakistan does not want India's stable and peaceful relations with Afghanistan. Pakistan's wants to destabilize Indo-Afghan relations due to her covert relations with afghan's non-state actors. Since 2001, Afghanistan's Foreign Policy towards New Delhi is quite receptive. India has growing stakes in peace and stability in Afghanistan. India's activities in Afghanistan had a geo-strategic flavour though, which not only confine to Afghanistan but travel deep into Central Asia. It is now widely accepted that India's Afghan policy seeks access to energy resources of the region. If India-Pakistan-Afghanistan cooperates by recognizing one another as opportunities not as threat, the level of trust deficit will minimize and a new era of peace will like to see.

Key Words: Soft Power, Geopolitical, Strategic Depth, Asymmetric Strategies.

[1]. Ashok K. Behuria, et al. ―Does India Have a Neighbourhood Policy?‖, Strategic Analysis, 36,(2), 2012, p. 230
[2]. Ibid. p, 229.
[3]. J Alexander Thier, (ed.), ―The Future of Afghanistan‖, (Washington, DC: United State Institute of Peace, 2009), p.2
[4]. Omar Farooq Zain, ―Afghanistan: From Conflict to Conflict‖, Pakistan Horizon, Vol. 59, (1), 2006, p.79. [Accessed on 12/04/2013]
[5]. C. Christine Fair, ―India in Afghanistan and Beyond: Opportunities and Constraints‖, (Washington DC: The Century Foundation, 2010), p. 4.
[6]. Shaheen Showkat Dar and Naseer Ahmed Kalis, ―India's Strategic Response to War on Terrorism in Afghanistan: A Strategic Analysis‖, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, Vol.2. (5), May 2013, p. 21.
[7]. Harish V Pant, ―The Afghanistan Conflict: India's Changing Role‖, Middle East Quarterly, Spring, 2011, p 32
[8]. Richard J. Kozicki, ―The Changed World of South Asia: Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India after September 11‖, Asia Pacific Perspectives, Vol. 2(2), 2002, p. 8
[9]. Iram Khalid, ―The New Great Game in Afghanistan: Role of India (A Pakistani Perspective)‖ South Asian Studies, Vol. 26 ( 2), 2011, p 244.
[10]. Shanthie Mariet D'Souza, ―India's Aid to Afghanistan: Challenges and Prospects‖ Strategic Analysis, Vol. 31, (5), 2007. p. 833.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Economy gaining an upper hand over the Environment in the British Planning System
Country	:	France
Authors	:	Anurag Kumar
	:	10.9790/0837-1531520

Abstract: UN General Assembly convened a conference on the "human environment" at Stockholm in June 1972, which came out with guiding principles on "human environment". It emphasized that man has the fundamental right to live in good environment quality and also that he has a responsibility towards protecting the environment for present and future generations. Sustainable development in urban planning is one of the main focus and also a challenge in today's urban development and growth. It means attaining a balance between environmental protection and human economic development between the present and future needs. However, a debate exists about how to preserve the potential for future generations to enjoy wellbeing and living standards at least at the level experienced by this generation, and whether economic growth is necessary to achieve this. In particular, it has been argued that current economic growth is linked to environmental degradation which left unchecked, would undermine wellbeing and lead to dangerous climate change. There is also a wider debate that seeks to understand how best to measure societal progress, with concerns that economic growth does not on its own adequately capture progress or sustainability. It requires an integration of economic, social and environmental approaches towards development.

[1]. Stephen M. Wheeler ,Planning for sustainability, Contemporary concerns of planning,
[2]. Solihull draft Local Plan, Shaping a sustainable future, Local development framework, pre-submission draft January 2012
[3]. Regional spatial strategy for the West Midlands, Government office for the West Midlands, January 2008
[4]. Green Deal, Department of Energy and Climate Change, 2010
[5]. What Price West Midlands Green Belts?, Campaign to Protect Rural England, June 2007
[6]. The Planning System: General Principles, Office of the deputy Prime Minister, 2005
[7]. Environmental report on the revocation of the Regional Spatial Strategy for the West Midlands, Communities and Local Government, October 2011
[8]. A Summary of Climate Change Risks for the West Midlands, Sustainability West Midlands, 2012
[9]. Environmental Policy and Innovation, Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, 2004
[10]. Mainstreaming sustainable development, DEFRA, February 2011