IOSR-JHSS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-2 ~ Sep-Oct-2013

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Parental Influence on Mate Choice Criteria
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Smt.Sandhya S. J.
	:	10.9790/0837-1520104

Abstract: In this article, we tried to examine the tendency of parental influence on mating, which is associated with the level of collectivism in a culture. A scale to assess the degree of parental influence on mate selection was administered to 762 respondents at Bagalkot in Karnataka. The respondents mainly college students studying in final year degree in professional and non professional course. Respondents were found to be more conservative on every dependent variable. The perceived influence of parents on mate choices emerged as an influential factor on dependent variables regardless of the respondents culture of origin. Data analysis indicates that parental influence has been an important part of human mating.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Storm and Stress Period of Adolescent Girls: Parental Concern in Bangladesh
Country	:	Bangladesh
Authors	:	Abul Kalam
	:	10.9790/0837-1520519

Abstract: The storm and stress period of adolescent is a very important subject for parental concern in Bangladesh. Physical and mental transaction period of adolescent is a dangerous moment every parent faces this situation. Gender inequality is still present in our society. As a result girls are facing the same conflicting situation in this stage of life with their parents. Conflict is a natural phenomenon of every adolescent girl's life. It takes a long time for children to reach adolescence. Adolescence is the period between childhoods roughly from twelve to twenty two years (Gander and Gardiner 1981) of development. Moreover, it is reasonable to refer to the description of the adolescent period by Eriksson (1959b). He has described adolescent as the final stage of childhood. After this stage individual is compelled to make these choices and engaged in a process of preparing for critical decisions in physical, sexual and cognitive transformations, the transaction from childhood through adolescence to adulthood involves major change in personality and social behavior that are influenced by parents, other family members, peers and school. Some are deliberate about marriage and still others drug- addiction, alcoholism etc. (Newman and Newman, 1978). It is therefore, needless to mention, that adolescence is one of the important parts of life span, when individuals prepare themselves for their future adult life. It is well known that, parents are the primary socializing agents to guide, direct the adolescent in general and adolescent girls in particular for being future adults. As such, there might be conflict between adolescent girls with their parents.

Keywords: About five key words in alphabetical order, separated by comma

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[10] Mary, J Gander. Harry w. Gardine, Child and Adolescent Development, Little Brown and Company Limited, Canada 1991

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Econometrical Analysis of Determinants of Cash Flow of Institutional Lenders in Nigerian Agriculture: Macro Economic Variables Perspective.
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Shitu, M. Abdul, Mshelia, I. Shaibu
	:	10.9790/0837-1522022

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to examine the determinants of cash flow of institutional lenders in Nigerian agriculture. These determinants are deposit liability, Interest rate, reserve requirement, profit (revenue) and tenure of cash flow. The paper analyses the relationship between these macroeconomic variables and cash flow of institutional lender in Nigerian agriculture. Econometric method was used and linear functional form provided the best fit to estimate the relationship. The results revealed that deposit liability, interest rate and reserves requirement of the monetary authority were important and significant in explaining variability in the level of cash flow of institutional lenders in Nigerian agriculture. Correlation analysis indicated a strong and positive relationship (r = 0.98) movement between the determinants of cash flow. There was a high coefficient of determination (R2) value of 96%. However, the elasticity of the estimated co-efficient revealed that percentage (%) change in the deposit liability, reserves requirement and interest rate made cash flow in agricultural sector to change by 0.52%, 15% and -71.5% considerably. The study concludes that for health cash flow to be meaningful and productive in Nigerian agriculture, early disbursement of credit, feasibility studies, elimination of defective and dysfunctional productive environment, check mating diversion of credit by farmers and evaluating and monitoring of repayment program must be sustained by institutional lenders and other collaborative bodies. Moreover, supportive government credit guidelines and reformed monetary policy as well as desirable financial services, products and technologies need to be proactive to guarantee effective cash flow into Nigerian agriculture.

Key Words: cash flow, institutional lenders, agricultural productivity, credit and macro economic variables

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[5]. FBN (1998) The Relative Effectiveness of Monetary Policy in promoting Economic growth in Nigeria. The time series analysis, Bi-Annual Review (FBN) Economic research Unit FBN Lagos (6) 70-77
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[7]. Mellor, J. W (1995) Introduction Agriculture on the road to Industrialization, U.S.A. John Hopkins University Press, pp 1-6
[8]. Poyi, B. (2002) Effects of Institutional and policy changes on Bank lending to Agriculture, FBN Monthly Business and Economic Review FBN News Letter No 3 Head Office, Lagos.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Safety Net, Social Protection, and Sustainable Poverty Reduction: A Review of the Evidences and Arguments for Developing Countries
Country	:	Bangladesh
Authors	:	Md. Shahnewaz Khan, Tareq Muhammad Shamsul Arefin
	:	10.9790/0837-1522329

Abstract: Since the publication of the World Development Report 1990, diverse views have been forwarded by different institutions and agencies about the role of social protection programs in addressing persistent poverty in the developing countries. This paper reviews the existing evidences and arguments about the impacts of such programs in the developing countries. Most of the literatures have recognized the positive impact of such programs especially on poverty and inequality, school enrollment and drop-out, and better nutrition and health outcomes. However, a major concern about these programs is related to the sustainability of their impacts, i.e., the impacts on growth and long term living standards. While the linkages between social protection and growth in the developed countries have focused cross-country empirical evidences, another view holds that such an approach is unsuitable for the developing countries given the lack of reliable data. With regard to the role of these programs in raising long term living standards, the existing evidences are mixed – some studies have recognized their role while there are skeptical views also. So as to address the structural cause of poverty, few studies have attempted to follow an anti-poverty policy bifurcation, with social protection focusing on transient and asset transfer on chronic poverty. However, the feasibility of policy bifurcation has been challenged also, and as such it has been suggested to map out a broader social protection framework that would take into account factors beyond risk and vulnerability to address both chronic and transient poverty.

Keywords: chronic poverty, growth, investment, social protection, social safety net, transient poverty.

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[2] Kanbur, R. (2008). Poverty and Distribution: Twenty Years Ago and Now. Working Paper. Cornell University, Department of Applied Economics and Management.

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[6] Subbarao, K., A. Bonnerjee, J. Braithwaite, S. Carvalho, K. Ezemenari, C. Graham, and A. Thomson (1996). Social Assistance and Poverty-Targeted Programs. Washington, DC: World Bank Poverty and Social Policy Department.

[7] World Bank (1997). World Development Report 1997. Washington, DC: Oxford University Press for the World Bank.

[8] Holzman, R. and S. Jorgensen (2000). Social Protection Sector Strategy Paper: From Safety Net to Trampoline .Washington, DC: World Bank.

[9] Barrientos, A., D. Hulme, and A. Shepherd (2005). Chronic Poverty and Social Protection: Can Social Protection Tackle Chronic Poverty?, European Journal of Development Research, March 2005.

[10] OECD (2001). Poverty Reduction, DAC Guidelines and Reference Series, OECD, Paris.