IOSR-JHSS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-1 ~ Sep-Oct-2013

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Politics of Issue-Based Political Campaign in Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Fred A. Amadi
	:	10.9790/0837-1510106

Abstract: This paper explores how Nigerian politicians respond to the flaws that dog political campaigns in a fledgling democracy. The paper identifies three flaws: (1) indiscriminate extension of the voting right to everybody of eighteen years and above (2) absence of balance and fairness in media practice (3) the obsession by the media to practice snippet journalism. The paper investigated how these flaws are implicated in politicians' proclivity to run campaigns that are not issue-based. To accomplish the investigation, I theoretically sampled newspaper texts of2011 general elections in Nigeria. The texts were presented in a titled table. Critical Discourse Analysis was used to analyze the texts. Analysis provided a ground to hypothesize that indiscriminate extension of voting right to every person of 18 years and above in a fledgling democracy will lead to a situation where majority of the electorates will be naïve to a degree that will make politicians to often see no reason to run intelligent, issue-based campaign.

Keywords: Politicians, electorates, Issue-based campaigns, voting rights

[1]. Hahn, D. (1998). Political communication. Pennsylvania: Strata Publishing INC.
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[4]. Melody, W. ( 1990). Communication policy in the global information economy: wither the public interest? In M. Ferguson ( Ed.).Public communication. London: Sage Publications.
[5]. Webster, F. (2011). Information and democracy: the weakening of social democracy. In S. Papathanassopoulos (ed.), Media perspectives for the 21st century.New York: Routledge
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[8]. Reddy, M. ( 1979). The conduit metaphor.In A. Ortony (Ed.), Metaphor and thought.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[9]. Hardt, H. (2004). British cultural studies and the return of the critical in American mass communication research: accommodation or radical change? In: D .Morley, & K. Chen, (Eds.). Critical dialogue in cultural studies. London: Rutledge. Pp. 102-111.
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Communication Project to Promote Safer Sex Practices among Young Female Out Of School Youths in Africa: The Botswana Example
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Grade O. Imoh
	:	10.9790/0837-1510715

Abstract: It is estimated that one in four adult population, aged 15-49 years in Africa are HIV infected, with the highest age specific rate occurring among young women 25-29 years. This project is part of an intervention programme whose goal is to reduce the rate of HIV infection and unwanted pregnancies among female out of school youths in Kweneng East District, Botswana. In 2000, twenty (20) female out of school youths who are mainly school drop outs, unemployed, know their HIV status and are willing to participate in the project were screened and recruited as Peer Educators by the AIDS Secretariat in Molepolole, Botswana Interventions include training in interpersonal communication, HIV prevention, safer sex practices, sexual negotiation, human sexuality, sexually transmitted infections, family planning, sexual assertiveness, income generation activities and entrepreneurship skills. For social support and community ownership of the project, there were advocacy and capacity building activities with health providers, community leaders, the private sector, the police and the legal system. Midterm evaluation of the project in 2003 shows that more young women participated in the project, twice more than the original number intended. The level of knowledge of HIV-AIDS prevention and contraception had improved among the group members. The demand for and use of condoms and reproductive health services increased, resulting in low rates of unplanned and unwanted pregnancies. Through the face to face contacts made by the Peer Educators in the community, several female out of school youths were reached with HIV-AIDS and family planning messages. Sustainability of the project however depends on increased local political commitment and sustained donor support.

Keywords: Interpersonal Communication, Promoting Safer Sex Practices, Peer Education

[1]. Aggleton, O. (1992). Working with Young People. AIDS Health Promotion. EXCHANGE, No. 2. p. 10-12.
[2]. Economist 22nd January (1999). Obstacles to HIV Prevention in Africa.
[3]. Family Care International (FCI) (1996). "Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Resources Materials: A Need Assessment in English Speaking Africa" New York. p.3-5
[4]. Gochman, D.S. (1971). "Health Beliefs and Potential Health Behaviour". Journal of Health and Social Behaviour. 12 June 1971.
[5]. Ibhabepa, (2002) "The Concept Paper on HIV-AIDS Peer Education and Poverty Alleviation in Palapye, Botswana.
[6]. Ike, Anya and Ehikwe Ihekweazy (2008), "Democracy in Nigeria: The Challenges of Infectious Diseases and Control" Journal of Infectious Diseases in Developing Countries. 2(2)151-153.
[7]. Imoh, G. (2002). Annual Reports of the Activities of the District Multisectoral AIDS Committee, Kweneng District, Bostwana.
[8]. Imoh, G. (2008). Awareness, Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviour of Out of School Youths Relating to Sex and Condom Use in Urban Nigeria. Ibadan, University Press.
[9]. Imoh, G. (1991). "Health Behaviour" in Communication for Social Mobilization. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
[10]. Kanla, P. & Adeyi, 0. (2006).AlDS in Nigeria: A Nation on the Threshold, Harvard, Centre for Regulation and Development Studies.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Legal Study On The Protection Of Children In Social Network: Special Reference To Indian Law
Country	:	India
Authors	:	R. Kesavamoorthy
	:	10.9790/0837-1511621

Abstract: Now a day cyberspace is the place where children grow and learn, it is the duty of the every regulator to secure the children in the cyberspace. Privacy and security are the great concern while using social networking. Children are worst affected by the ill-practice of social networking. It is need of the hour to look into the legal aspects of the social networking and the child. Protecting the child from the cyber predators is one of the key concerns in India. This article throws light on the offenses committed to the child in the virtual space. It embarks upon various legal aspects related to the child and the use of social networking. This paper meticulously analyzes the lacunae in the legal framework and also brings out the problem solving solutions.

Keywords: child, law, privacy, protection, social networking, India

[1] According to the social media company Socialbakers.

[2] http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report_cyberbullying-social-media-s-darker-side_1712080 (Accessed on 07-07-2013)

[3] For more detailed result please visit : http://www.microsoft.com/security/resources/research.aspx (Accessed on 12-07-2013)

[4] 'Tata Consultancy GenY Survey 2011-2012' of nearly 12,300 high school students across 12 Indian cities.

[5] http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/more-indian-teens-using-networking-sites-to-communicate_100619826.html (Accessed on 22-06-2013)

[6] http://gadgets.ndtv.com/internet/news/indian-parents-wary-of-kids-getting-hooked-online-survey-225908(Accessed on 22-06-2013)

[7] articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-18/computing/31764543_1_networking-sites-delhi-school-social-media(Accessed on 09-07-2013) [8] to pull out the links to Nazi sites

[9] http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Standard+form+contract(Accessed on 07-07-2013)

[10] For full report : http://news.consumerreports.org/electronics/2011/05/five-million-facebook-users-are-10-or-younger.html(Accessed on 11-08-2013)

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Corporate Community Crisis in Nigeria; Causes and Consequences- Case Study Of Presco Industries Ltd and Oghareki Community.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Iyoha Osaretin
	:	10.9790/0837-1512229

Abstract: So long as human beings live together and pursue different goals in the same environment, conflict of interest must arise. The inability to manage conflict is the cause of crisis. While conflict is sometimes desirable for a state of equilibrium and positive change to occur in the society, crisis is undesirable because it brings about destruction, which could have been avoided by dialogue. Thus dialogue is a necessary tool for crisis management. The main concern of an arbitrator in crisis management is peace. In doing this, parties to a crisis assist the arbitrating panel in determining the causes of the crisis, adequate compensation for victims and recommendation of measures for lasting peace. Examples are Federal Government of Nigeria versus Niger-Delta Militants and the Citizens of Nigeria, Michelin industries Plc versus Udo community in Edo State, Oghareki community versus Presco Industries Ltd in Delta State and the Ogonis versus Shell Development Co. Plc in Rivers State. These crises ended on a dialogue table. A case study is Oghareki Community and Presco Industries Ltd where 100 persons from disagreeing parties were randomly selected. Their responses to a set of questions were analysed and discussed. The result showed that the parties had mutual interest for peace.

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