IOSR-JHSS   Volume14 ~ Issue-4 ~ Sep-Oct-2013

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Growth of the Public Expenditures in India and its impact on the Deficits
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Jasneet Kaur Wadhwa
	:	10.9790/1959-1440113

Abstract: Before independence the British government in India was interested primarily in the civil administration and defence of the country. Therefore, a large part of the expenditures of the government was incurred on these services. Things have changed since independence. The Total Expenditures have increased rapidly because of increasing participation of the government in economic activities. The structure of the government Expenditures since the Eighties has been mainly influenced by a change in role of the government in the growth process, financing pattern of the deficits and the need for fiscal consolidation. Increasing expenditures of the government have led to an increase in the deficits of the government. Immediate response to economic crisis in 1991 was that of Expenditures compression because it was not easy to mobilize revenues. Fiscal consolidation was brought about by reducing the public expenditures and since then there has been a shift away from Plan Expenditures accompanied by a reduction in Development and Capital Expenditures.

Keywords – Deficits, Expenditure Reforms, India, Public Expenditures.

[1] India: Fiscal reforms and public Expenditures management, JBIC Research Paper No. 11, Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), March 2001.

[2] Kumar, Rajiv and Alamuru Soumya. 2010, Fiscal Policy Issues for India after the Global Financial Crisis (2008-2010). Asian Development Bank Institute, Working Paper No. 249

[3] M. Govinda Rao, The fiscal situation and a reform agenda for the new government, Economic and Political Weekly, volume 44, no.25, June 20, 2009.

[4] M. Govinda Rao, Sen T.K. and Ghosh, M., Uneven Growth of Government Expenditure in India: An Analysis of the Trends between 1974-75 and 1990-91, Journal of Indian School of Political Economy, No.7, 1995.

[5] Nirvikar Singh T. N. Srinivasan, Fiscal Policy in India: Lessons and Priorities, February 17, 2004, NIPFP-IMF conference paper on Fiscal Policy in India January, 2004.

[6] Web resources: -www.rbi.org.in. - Indian public finance statistics, GOI, ministry of finance, 2011-12.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Class in the Assamese Film Sandhyarag (1977): An Analysis
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Minakshi Dutta, Rana Sharma
	:	10.9790/1959-1441420

Abstract: Cinema represents a particular class of people with its composition. Thus it helps in the process of naturalization of the existing class differences of society. Assamese film director Dr. Bhabendra Nath Saikia's debut film Sandhyarag(1988) is a systematic documentation of the two existing classes of post- colonial Assamese society- urban middle class and working class. It demonstrates the enduring class difference and exploitation in a coherent manner. How the middle class becomes the reason behind the creation of working class is the main theme of the movie. This paper is an attempt to analyze the way of the director in dealing the above mentioned issues both in cinematic and narrative composition of the film Sandhyarag.

Key Words: Assamese Cinema, Middle Class, Working Class, Post-colonial Assamese Society

[1] Banerjee, Swapna M. "Down Memory Lane: Representation of Domestic Workers in Middle Class Personal Narratives of Colonial Bengal". Journal of Social History:37(2004)
[2] Baviskar, Amita and Raka Ray (Ed) (2011) Elite and Everyman: The Cultural Politics of the Indian Middle Classes. Routledge . NewYork
[3] Borpujari, Manoj and Dr. Garima Kalita.(2007) Perspectives On Cinema Of Assam. Gauhati Cine Club. Guwahati
[4] Chadha, Neha " The Middle Class: Consuming and Consumed the Romance of Bombay Cinema" Journal of Moving Image (2006):1-4
[5] Dwyer, Rachel (2011) "Zara hatke!: The New Middle -Classes and the Segmentation of Hindi Cinema.in Donner, Henrike, (ed.), A Way of Life: Being Middle –Class in Contemporary India London:Routledge. Pp184-208.
[6] Fernandes, Leela (2006) Indian middle Class: Democratic Politics in an era of Economic Reform. University of Minnesota
[7] Ganguli, Ruchira and Scrase, Paradoxes of Globalization, Liberalization, and Gender Equality: The Worldviews of the Lower Middle Class in West Bengal, India, "Gender and Society" 17(2003): 544-566, Accessed 23/05/2012
[8] Gohain, Dr. Hiren " Origin of the Assamese Middle Class" Social Scientist.2.1 (1973):1-26
[9] Guha, Amalendu and Arvind N. Das "Origins of the Assamese Middle Class: A comment" Social Scientist 4.67 (1974):59-66
[10] Hayward, Susan (2000) Cinema Studies: The Key Concepts. 2nd Ed. London: Routledge

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	(Un) Intelligibility in EIL Pronunciation: An Analysis
Country	:	Bangladesh
Authors	:	Rabeya Binte Habib
	:	10.9790/1959-1442126

Abstract: Pronunciation, despite being an obviously important component of speech and anticipated communication, seems to enjoy little or no room in the policy and practice in Bangladesh. This study, therefore, aimed at exploring the issues of teaching oral proficiency specifically pronunciation at the HSC level in Bangladesh. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether students at college level encounter problems in English pronunciation. The present study also aims to unearth reasons working behind the negligence toward pronunciation. To do so, students were interviewed with the Reading Survey focusing on problematic utterance in terms of sound and orthography for Bangladeshi learners as suggested by some previous studies. The findings show that pronunciation teaching is inadequate in policy and practice. Finally possible remedial measure for integrating pronunciation with other skills with the help of a Balanced Approach to teaching pronunciation and same inquiries in other setting were recommended.

Keywords- IPA, EIL, WE & EFL, ELF, Intelligibility, comprehensibility and accentedness

[1]. Levis, J. M. & Grant, L. (2003). Integrating Pronunciation into ESL/EFL Classrooms, TESOL Journal,12,2:13-29
[2]. Akter, Z. (2006). Redefining ‗Communicative Competence' in Teaching English as a Foreign Language in Bangladesh, Harvest: Jahangirnagar studies in language and literature, 21:13-22.
[3]. Akter, Z. (2007). Teaching Pronunciation: Does it matter? MET, 16, 3:36-38.
[4]. Morley, J. (1991). The Pronunciation Component to the Speakers of Other Languages, TESOL Quarterly, 25:481-520
[5]. Hismanoglu (2006). Current perspectives on pronunciation learning and teaching, Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 2:1:101-110
[6]. Fraser, H. (2000) Coordinating Improvements in Pronunciation Teaching for Adult learners of English as a Second Language. Canberra: DETYA
[7]. Gelvanovsky (2002). Effective pronunciation teaching: principles, factors, and teachability. In P.V. Sysoyev (Ed.). Identity, Culture and Language Teaching. USA: CREEES.
[8]. Setter, J. (2008). Theories and approaches in English pronunciation. In Monroy, R. and Sánchez, A. (eds.), -25 Years of Applied Linguistics in Spain: Milestones and challenges. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia de Publications. pp. 447-457
[9]. Setter & Jenkins (2005). Pronunciation. State-of-the Art Article. Language Teaching: 38:1.
[10]. Celce-Murcia, M., Brinton D. M. & Goodwin J. M. (1996) Teaching Pronunciation. A Reference for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages. Cambridge: CUP

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Status of Female Workers in Construction Industry in India: A Review
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Kalpana devi, U. V. Kiran
	:	10.9790/1959-1442730

Abstract: Construction industry provides job opportunity to large number of skilled as well as unskilled workforce. The workforces employed in the industry have to face several difficulties at the work place. Several issues related to health, job stress, and injuries at work place are the major concern of the research among researchers. The present study is review of past research work related to the women work force employed in construction industry in India. The major focus of the study is to identify the key factors related to the status of female worker in the industry. Women work as unskilled labour and face several other difficulties in comparison to males. Sexual harassment, gender biasness, wage discrimination are the major factor due to which the working environment becomes difficult for them in the industry and women's are remains at same level of skill even after working few number of years .

Keywords: Construction industry, health, injuries, job stress.

[1]. Aadya and Kiran, U.V. (2013), Occupational Stress of Women Workers in Unorganized Sector, International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 4(3),3-13.
[2]. Bharara, K., Sandhu, P., and Sidhu, M. (2012). Issues of Occupational Health and Injuries among Unskilled Female Labourers in Construction Industry: A Scenario of Punjab State.
[3]. Das, D. K. (1985). Sex Discrimination against Female Workers in Unorganized Sector, Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 21(2), 232-244.
[4]. Girija, R. and Geetha, R. et al.)(1989). Socio-Economic Conditions of Construction Workers in Tamil Nadu, Report submitted to ICSSR,(Mimeo).
[5]. Kumari, N and Kiran, U.V.(2012). Occupational profile of child labour in Chikankari Industry, Advanced Research Journal of Social Science, 44 (4), 247-250.
[6]. Madhok, S. (2005). Report on the status of women workers in the construction industry National commission for women New Delhi.
[7]. Reddy, D. N. (1979). Female Work Participation in India: Facts, Problems, and Policies Indian Journal of Industrial Relations,15(2), 197-212.
[8]. Richard, D. L. and Gelleny, R. (2007). Women's Status and Economic Globalization, International Studies Quarterly, 51(4), 855-876.
[9]. Rai, A. and Sarkar, A. (2012). Workplace Culture & Status of Women Construction Labourers; A case study in Kolkata, West Bengal, Indian Journal of Spatial Science 3.0(2) Winter Issue, 44 – 54.
[10]. Shivakumar, M.S., Sheng, Y.K. and Weber, K.E. (1991). Recruitment and Employment Practices in Construction Industry: A Case Study of Bangalore: Economic and Political Weekly 26 (8), M27-M40.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Conflict Resolution Strategies among Working Couples
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sumalata. T.. Byadgi., Yadav V. S.
	:	10.9790/1959-1443137

Abstract: Except from determining the conflict resolution strategies among the working couples, the present study attempts to identify the demographic characteristics related to the choice of conflict resolution strategy. The sample of 150 working couples was selected purposively from the Dharwad city of Karnataka State. The Thomas Kilmann conflict management scale (1977) and general information schedule were used to collect the data. Garett ranking, chi-square and correlation analysis were carried out to analyze the data. The results indicated that among male couples, collaboration strategy was the first and most preferred conflict resolution strategy which was followed by accommodation, avoidance, compromise and then competition whereas among female couples, accommodation was the first and most preferred strategy which was followed by collaboration, compromise, avoidance and then competition. Compared to female couples, husbands were significantly high in the adoption of collaboration and avoidance strategies whereas female couples were significantly high in the adoption of accommodation strategies. Among wives the factors like age, family size, and caste were related with the use of accommodation strategy, income was related with the use of avoidance strategy and caste was also related with the use of competition strategy. Among husbands, family size was positively related with avoidance strategy and negatively related with compromise strategy.

Keywords: accommodation, avoidance, collaboration, competition, compromise, conflict resolution strategies, dual earners.

[1]. Thomas, K. W., 1976, Conflict and conflict management. M. Dunnett (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychol, 889-935.
[2]. Johnson, D. W.,1990, Culture and the development of conflict resolution style. J. Cross Cultural Psychol, 13(1): 43–58.
[3]. Gottman, J. M., and Levenson, R. W., 1988. The social psychophysiology of marriage. In P. Noller & M. A. Fitzpatrick (Eds.), Perspectives on markal interaction Philadelphia, PA: Mukilingual Matters Ltd.
[4]. Bacciocchi, S., 1997, How to handle marital conflicts. Psychology {on line}. Available: http://www.cris.com/.
[5]. Markman, H. J., Renick, M. J., Floyd, F. S., Stanley, S. M., and Clements, M., 1993, Preventing marital distress through communication and conflict management training: A 4- and 5-year follow-up. J. Consulting and Clinical Psychol, 61(1), 70–77.
[6]. Marchand, J., 2004, Avoidance and Attacking Conflict-Resolution Strategies Among Married Couples: Relations to Depressive Symptoms and Marital Satisfaction. J. Family relations, 49 (2): 201-206.
[7]. Thomas, K. W., and Kilmann, R. H., 1977, Developing a forced choice measure of conflict-handling behaviour: The MODE instrument. Educational and Psychol. Measurement, 37: 309–325.
[8]. Leonard, H., Chusmir, and Mills, J. S., 1989, Gender differences in conflict resolution strategies of managers at work and at home. J. Sex Roles., 20(3/4): 149-163.
[9]. Barry, F., 1998, Conflict at home and at work: Do we manage the conflicts in the same way, School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, b.fallon@patrick.acu.edu.au.
[10]. Minet,de. W., Susan, J. T., and Wim, H. J., 2007, Empathy and conflict resolution in friendship relations among adolescents. J. Aggressive Behavior., 33: 48-55.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Affects Of Globalization and Limitations of Corporate Social Responsibility in India
Country	:	India
Authors	:	SP. Harish, SP. Santhosh
	:	10.9790/1959-1443854

Abstract: Every corporation has a policy concerning CSR and produces a report annually detailing its activity. Measurement and Evaluation of performance while giving flexibility for an organization to consider its own socially and environmentally significant factors and plan accordingly without being compared favorably or unfavorable with organizations with different priorities. Globalization affects the economy, business life, society and environment in different ways, and almost all corporations have been affected by these changes. In this paper therefore we will consider aspects of this in the context of the objectives of the firm and its procedures for governance. Governance also is an integral part of this process. So business life needs more regulation and proper and socially responsible behavior than before. In this paper we have shown the relationship between CSR and globalization. We pointed out that the relationship between business failure/ scandals increased after the globalization, and social responsible behavior. In this paper we have also discussed a case study "Limitations of CSR"

Index Terms: CSR, principles of CSR, Crisis, Globalization, Limitations and Governance

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[10] Cramer J. (2002), "From Financial to Sustainable Profit", Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 9, pp. 99–106 .

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A comparative analysis of Human Resource Development (HRD) in public and private organizations inthe State of Jammu & Kashmir
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Towseef Ahmad Rather, MohdYousf Rather, Saba AhasanBhat, Sheikh imtiyaz Ah.
	:	10.9790/1959-1445561

Abstract: Thetitle of my paper is "Comparative Analysis of Human Resource Development in Public and Private Organizations in the State of Jammu & Kashmir" which is based ontheresearchstudyentitled as"AStudyon Comparative Analysis of Human Resource Development in Public and PrivateOrganization in State Of Jammu And Kashmir". ThemainObjectiveofthepresentstudyisto takecognizanceof the developmentofHRDin State of Jammu and Kashmir. This has been done by establishing a comparative comparison between Private and Public Institutions in the State of Jammu & Kashmir India, regarding the extent of implementation of Human Resources Management and Development (HRMD) practices. The data for the study was collected through a questionnaire comprising items mainly related to recruitment and placement, training and development, performance appraisal, compensation and benefits and employee relations. The study is a qualitative case analysis. It aims to see the similarities and or differences between a public and a private institution in the state Jammu & Kashmir with respect to the implementation of latest practices in the development of human resource. In this paper some of the main findings of the study have been summarized and some important recommendations for the betterment of human resource have been presented. Finally an HRMD modal has been presented for the development of human resource practices which is completely a novel creation of the research scholars of this project and is hypothetically recommended for better results.

Keywords: Human Resources Development HRD,Human Resources Management and Development HRMD

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[7] S. E. Condrey (Ed.) Handbook of HumanResources Management inGovernment, 2nd Edition, Jossey-Bass, 17-36

[8] Drucker, P.F. (2007). Management Challenges for the 21st Century. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science & Technology.

[9] Fombrun, C.J., Tichy, M.M., Devanna M. A. (1999). Strategic Human Resource Management.New York: JohnWiley.