IOSR-JHSS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-4 ~ Jul-Aug-2013

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Second Language Acquisition, Attrition of Indigenous Languages in Nigeria: Cultural Implications
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	J. U. Akabogu, B. M. Mbah,
	:	10.9790/0837-1340105

Abstract: This paper discusses second language acquisition with reference to Nigeria and the effect of the English language on the languages and culture of the people. Also in focus is the Nigerian national language policy and the position of English language as a national language. Globalisation and communication advances since the evolution of information communication technology (ICT) from the 1990s are discussed with particular reference to their effects on Nigerian society, culture and language. There have in recent years been calls for a more open and inclusive approach to language teaching within the Nigerian National Language policy. This is in line with the practice in so many other countries where English is a second language (L2). Such countries have decided to protect their national identities while simultaneously implementing English language programmes that suit the needs of their people. Successful policies have taken into account the relationship between language and culture and the dangers of creating language programmes that do not consider the consequences of acculturation. The paper in view of these observations among others recommends that Nigerian policy makers study the experiences and actions of other countries that have English as second language and other non English speaking countries, the current research available on language programmes worldwide in order to formulate a viable English programme that produces bilingual speakers who are literate in both English language and indigenous Nigerian languages. A call is made for an effective English language programme that will incorporate theory, practice and the experiences of other countries applied to the needs of Nigerian people in line with current global trends in language acquisition.

Key words: culture, languages, indigenous, programmes, bilingual.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Situational Crime Prevention: A Study in Indian Context
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Nirpat Patel
	:	10.9790/0837-1340612

Abstract: Situational Crime Prevention [also known as SCP]is a new crime prevention technique used in the field of Criminology and Criminal justice System in this paper author tried to explain the various applications of SCP. Situational crime prevention is a crime prevention strategy that addresses specific crimes by managing, designing and manipulating the environment in a manner that seeks to increase the risk to the offender, while reducing the offender's potential reward for committing the crime. 'Situational Crime Prevention' (SCP) is the name given by criminologists to crime prevention strategies that are aimed at reducing the criminal opportunities which arise from the routines of everyday life. Such strategies include 'hardening' of potential targets, improving surveillance of areas that might attract crime (e.g. closed circuit television surveillance), and deflecting potential offenders from settings in which crimes might occur (e.g., by limiting access of such persons to shopping malls and other locales). While there has been much research and criminological discussion of SCP, it has focused on issues of effectiveness and other technical aspects e.g., does closed-circuit television (CCTV) surveillance 'work', in the sense of deterring offenders or aiding in the detection of offences? The larger issues especially the ethical ones were little addressed. Situational crime prevention is a primary prevention measure. This means that it is directed at stopping crime problems before they occur. Like other primary crime prevention measures, situational prevention tends to focus on reducing crime opportunities rather than on the characteristics of criminals or potential criminals.

Keywords: Situational Crime Prevention, Environmental Criminology, Rational Choice Theory, Routine Activity Theory, CJS and Scene of Crime.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Residential built environments: the importance of social capital.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ms. Kirti D. Bhonsle, Dr. V. S. Adane
	:	10.9790/0837-1341319

Abstract: Man is a part of nature but with the growth and development of civilization with higher levels of urbanization he is more close to manmade environment as compared to the natural environment which is thus influencing the way he thinks, behaves and acts. So also man being a social animal cannot be kept aside from socializing which is a major factor for his physical, mental and social satisfaction. Through this brief literature review I have been able to arrive at a hypothesis that, residential satisfaction is more a function of the social capital of a neighborhood and enhancing it by the use of incidental open spaces along with the interdependent communities may help achieve better environments.

Keywords - Residential built environment, residential satisfaction, social capital, interdependent communities.

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