IOSR-JHSS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-2 ~ Jul-Aug-2013

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Paradigm Shift in Knowledge Creation through Higher Education
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Vinita M. Chaudhary, Dr. Shashi Malik
	:	10.9790/0837-1320107

Abstract: Higher education systems have changed all over the world, but not all have changed in the similar ways. Even though system expansion and massification have been universal themes, there have been system-specific changes as well. It is these changes that have an important impact on academic work and on the opinions of the staff that work as higher educators. The academic profession has a key role to play in producing the next generations of knowledge workers, and this task will be more readily achieved by a relaxed academic staff working within well-resourced teaching and research institutions. Teachers are human soul, emotionally concerned with several personal and family oriented requirements to be met. Unable to complete those requirements may result in frustration, isolated behavior, and finally they get dismayed. Unluckily, in the present situation, the teacher is especially a fatality of such malicious circumstances. The rationale of the study is to ascertain the relationship between challenges of higher education and satisfaction of their teachers. Academically the study will provide obligatory knowledge for the future researchers to base on as means of reference. Keywords - Aided colleges, Higher education, Job Satisfaction, Privatization, Teachers

[1] Emerging Issues in Higher Education Approach and Strategy of 11th Plan, UGC Report:2008
[2] UGC (2006), Annual Report: 2004-05, New Delhi.
[3] Gupta, S.P., (1987) A Study of Job Satisfaction at three levels of teaching. In M.B. Buch (ed.), Third Survey of Research in Ed, NCERT, New Delhi, PP. 809-810.
[4] National Knowledge Commission (2007), Report to the Nation 2006, New Delhi: National Knowledge Commission, Government of India.
[5] Tilak, J.B.G. (1999), "Emerging Trends and Evolving Public Policies on Privatization of Higher Education in India", in Private Prometheus: Private Higher Education and Development in the 21st Century (ed. P.G. Altbach), Greenwood Publishing, Westport, pp. 113-35
[6] NIEPA (2005), Report of the CABE Committee on Financing of Higher and Technical Education, Central Advisory Board of Education, New Delhi, June
[7] Anandakrishnan, M. (2006), "Privatization of Higher Education: Opportunities and Anomalies", Presented at, National Seminar on Privatization and Commercialization of Higher Education, New Delhi, (2 May)
[8] Judge, T. A., & Klinger, R. (2007) Job satisfaction: Subjective well-being at work. In M. Eid, & R. Larsen (Eds.), The science of subjective well-being (pp. 393-413). New York, NY: Guilford Publications.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Mediation in Niger Delta Resource Conflict: Assessing the Determinant of a Successful Process
Country	:	South Africa.
Authors	:	Ola Abegunde
	:	10.9790/0837-1320813

Abstract: The Niger Delta region in Nigeria is richly endowed with abundant crude oil resources that place the nation as the seventh largest producer of oil in the world. The oil wealth enriches Nigeria as a country but it has not alleviated the challenges of poverty and social development in the oil producing areas of the Niger Delta. Owing to this, the region has been redden by youth restiveness despite several interventions initiated by organizations, government and international community that have not yielded any positive result since the conflict has escalated and received international coverage in the 1990s. The aim of this study is to first examine the causes of the protracted resource conflict in the region; it will do a review of the initiatives so far taken and the reasons for their failure. Also, the study will investigate the likely determinants of a successful process of mediation that can restore peaceful co-existence to the region. The paper is of the opinion that the protracted violent conflict in the region is a product of the lopsidedness of Nigeria federalism. Hence, the study submits that, to have peace in the region, there is need for true federalism in such that the people in the region will be meaningfully engaged in any initiative to resolve the violent conflict in the region.

Keywords: Nigeria, Niger Delta, Federalism, Resource conflict and violent conflict

[1]. Aboribo, R.O. and Umukoro, N. (2008): "Conflict of Globalization and the Globalization of Niger Delta conflict" in Nigerian Sociological Review, Vol. 8.
[2]. Afinotan, L.A. and Ojakorotu, V. (2009): "The Niger Delta Crisis: Issues, Challenges and Prospects" in African Journal of Political Science and International Relations Vol. 3. No 5 http://www.academicjournals.org/AJPSIR (accessed 14/11/2012).
[3]. Ahmad, I.A.R. (2009): "Ogoni: Bill of Right as a Solution to Niger Delta Conflict" in Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. http://www.unpo.org/article/9845 (accessed 15/11/2012).
[4]. Dike, V.E. (2001): Niger Delta Crisis and the Nigeria Economy. http:/www.mhtml:file://H:\NIGERDELTAFILE\niger.org (accessed, 12/11/2012)
[5]. Ebienfa, K.I. (2011):"Militancy in the Niger Delta and the Emergent Categories" in Review of African Political Economy, Vol.38. 130
[6]. Ibaba, I.S. and Ikelegbe, A. (2010): "Militias, Pirates and Oil in the Niger Delta" in Okumu, W. and Ikelegbe, A (eds) Militias, Rebels and Islamist Militants Human Insecurity and State Crises in Africa. South Africa; Institute of Security Studies.
[7]. Isele, P. (2006): "Militants Blow Up Another Oil Boat" in The Punch. Lagos; Punch Nigeria Limited
[8]. Kepner, C.H and Likubo, H. (1996): Managing Beyond the Ordinary. New York; AMACOM
[9]. Nairaland Forum (2012): Isaac AdakaBoro and Niger Delta Militancy – Politics – Nairaland. mhtml:file://H:\NIGERDELTAFILE (accessed, 01/11/2012
[10]. Nnenyelike, N. (2009): Why Niger Delta Crisis Persists. http://www.indigenouspostal.com/news/ (accessed 14/11/2012)

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Cooperatives, Agriculture and Rural Development: Role, Issues and Policy Implications
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Rabi N. Patra, Mahendra P. Agasty
	:	10.9790/0837-1321425

Abstract: Cooperatives, credit cooperatives in particular, are an integral part of the Indian rural economy. They are having far reaching direct and indirect impacts on agricultural growth and rural development. In the changing scenario characterized by globalisation, structural adjustment programmes, transition from a centrally planned to a market oriented economy, processes of democratisation and decentralisation, agricultural industrialisation and rural out-migration, cooperative are facing new challenge. But they must succeed and have to be resilient to weather the transition. They need to reevaluate and reinvent themselves, adapt to the changing paradigm and reestablish their relevance as effective rural institutions. This paper reviews the evolution of cooperative movement, examines its role and problems, and highlights its potential to adjust to the new perspectives in the context of Odisha, India. It concludes with some policy suggestions reposing great hope on the cooperative sector.

Key words: Cooperative credit, agriculture, rural development.

[1]. Dwivedi, R.C. (2005): Hundred years of Cooperative Movement in India, Centre for Promoting Cooperatives.
[2]. Government of India (2005): Report of the Task Force on Revival of cooperative Credit Institutions, Ministry of Finance
[3]. …………………… .(2009): Report of the High Power committee on Cooperatives, Ministry of Agriculture
[4]. …………………… (2011): Report of the working Group on Outreach of Institutional Finance, Cooperative and Risk Management for the 12th Five Year Plan, Planning Commission in of India
[5]. Mishra, B.S. (2010): Performance of Primary Cooperatives in India: An Empirical Analysis, MPRA paper no.21890 NABARD website
[6]. NAFSCOB (2011): Basic Data on Performance of State Cooperative Banks (April-1, 2009 to March-31, 2010)
(2011): Basic Data on Performance of District Central Cooperative Banks (April-1,2010 to March-31, 2011 (2012): Performance of Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (April-1, 2010 to March-31 2011)
[7]. NSSO (2005): All India Debt and Investment Survey, 2002
[8]. RBI (1954): Report of the All India Rural Credit Survey Committee
[9]. (1965): All India Rural Debt and Investment Survey, 1961-61
[10]. (1977): All India Debt and Investment Survey, 1971-72

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Thematic and Stylistic Appraisal of Sculpture in Public Places in Nigeria: The Example of Southwest
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	M. A. Akintonde, R. O. Rom. Kalilu
	:	10.9790/0837-1322637

Abstract: Outdoor sculpture in Southwest of Nigeria is fast growing in practice and art historical values. Since its emergence in 1934, it has developed different modes in practice which have not been given proper art historical consideration. The nature of the fleeting practice, poor maintenance and preservation as well as constant loss of works portends serious art historical gap if left unattended to. It is therefore imperative that studies on the outdoor sculpture practice be conducted from time to time. In this study, themes and styles of the outdoor sculpture in the Southwestern Nigeria from 1900-2005 were examined. The period under study represents the emergence to the proliferation period of the practice. The outdoor sculptures within the period were enumerated and classified under form, style and material for proper analysis. Themes and styles from the samples of the works were specifically studied. Findings in the study reveals that thematic consideration in all the works were basically hinged on socio-political and economy state of the zone at each developmental phase. Forms were mainly expressed in realism with variation in each artist's style. The study was conducted to place the themes and styles expressed in the nascent art on art historical record in the main stream contemporary Nigerian art. Significantly, the study is hoped to provide information and stimulate further studies in the related scholarly area.

Keywords: aesthetics, outdoor sculpture, public art, style, theme

[1] C. Adepegba, Nigerian arts: Its tradition and modern tendencies (Ibadan, Jodad, 1995).

[2] W. Bascom, African art in cultural perspective: An introduction (New York, W.W. Norton, 1973a).

[3] W. Bascom, Creativity and style in African art, in D. Biebuyek (Ed,) Tradition and creativity in tribal art (Berkley, University of California Press, 1973b) 122-127.

[4] W. Fagg, Nigerian images, (Lagos, National Commission for Museums and Monuments, 1990).

[5] B. Idowu, Olodumare: God in Yoruba believe, (London, Longman, 1977). [6] R. O. Rom Kalilu, Between tradition and record: A search for the legendary wood carvers of old Oyo, Ufahamu XX (11), 1992, 49-63.

[7] R. O. Rom. Kalilu, Crisis in African art studies: Yoruba gourd carving and the need for historical concern in art history, in R. O. Rom Kalilu (ed), African art: Definition, forms and styles (Ogbomoso, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, 1995) 28-42.

[8] R. F. Thompson, Yoruba Artistic Criticism, in Warren L.d'Azevedo (Ed.), The Traditional Artist in African Societies (Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1973) 19-61

[9] R. Abiodun, The future of African art studies: An African perspective, paper presented at the National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D .C. 1987. 65-87

[10] F. Odiboh, Outdoor sculpture in Lagos metropolis, m. a. diss. in visual Arts, Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 1987.