IOSR-JHSS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2015

Abstract: Globally, mainstreaming gender issues in politics has been recognized as an essential way of building a stable democratic society. However, women, constituting over 50% of the world's population, have been globally under-represented in politics and decision making and implementation. Women's continued under-representation in Nigeria's politics is of peculiar interest to the global communities, given the country's significant position in Africa. However, the Fourth Republic has experienced increased rebirth of gender equality in Nigeria's politics, as a result of political will and women's advocacy movements. A good number of women have, of recent, become politically relevant in Nigeria. In spite of these, several socio-cultural and economic factors continue to inhibit women's political potency and participation. Nigerian women, while celebrating their achievements in the March 8, 2013 International Women's Day (IWD) under the theme "Gender Agenda: Gaining Momentum", have reinvigorated their campaign for gender equality in politics as a viable measure for equitable and sustainable development in the country. This paper examines the extent to which gender agenda has gained momentum in Nigeria's politics, and also discusses the socio-cultural and economic hurdles which perpetuate women's under-representation and low political participation in the country.

[1]. Agbalajobi, D. T. (2010). Women‟s Participation and the Political Process in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 4(2): 75-82.
[2]. Agina-Ude, A. (2003). Strategies for Expanding Female Participation in the 2003 Elections and Beyond. The Nigerian Social Scientist, 6(1): 3-7.
[3]. Aina, O. I. (2012). Two Halves Make a Whole: Gender at the Crossroads of the Nigerian Development Agenda. Inaugural Lecture Series 250, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
[4]. Aina, O. I. and Olayode, K. (2012). Gender Equality, Governance and Women Empowerment Agenda in a Democratizing Society: Issues, Prospects and Challenges. Nigerian Sociological and Anthropological Journal.
[5]. Aina, O. I. and Ukeje, C. (1998). Engendering the Political Space: The Role of NGOs in ensuring the Participation of Women in Politics. Ife Social Review, July.

Abstract: Many people, especially in western, have different point of view through the moslem. Mostly, they do not understand well about the real moslem. Tragically, it also happens to the moslem themselves. They tried to create their own thingking withouth holding Al 'Quran as their guidance. They tries to minimize the meaning of ummatan washatan. We should bact to the Quran as our reflection of life that ummatan wasathan as a good attitude and characters, wasathan in matters of constitution (the establishment of shari'ah), ummatan wasathan is a rahmatan Lil'Alamin mission, ummatan sasathan as solution for present civilization, ummatan wasathan is the best da'wah, the tolerance of ummatan sasathan is not excessive, ummatan wasathan is a sustainable da'wah strategy, southeast asian requires pioneer of ummatan wasathan, moderate islam. Ideas to build ummatan washatan:1. Engaging youth from different countries, campuses, institutions, or organizations to be preachers of ummatan wasathan, 2. Insert a textbook with ummatan wasathan 3.

[1]. Samson Rahman, Moderasi Islam Rahmat bagi Semesta, (Artikel Ikadi edisi 16 September 2009. Lihat juga dalam Islam Moderat terbitan Ikadi 2007.
[2]. A. Ilyas Ismail, MA, Paradigma Dakwah Sayyid Qutb, (Jakarta :Penamadani, 2006).
[3]. Yusuf Al-Qardhawy, Madkal Lima‟rifatil Islam Muqawwimatuhu, khashaishuhu, ahdafuhu, mashadiruhu, (Terj) Setiawan Budi Utomo, Pengantar Kajian Islam, Studi AnalistikKomprehensif Tentang Pilar-Pilar Substansial, Karakteristik, Tujuan Dan Sumber Acuan Islam. (Jakarta : Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 1999), p. 339.
[4]. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia (selanjutnya ditulis Depdikbud RI). 1991. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. Edisi ke-2. Cet. Ke-1. p. 1065.

Abstract: The Malabar Coast was famous for its spices particularly pepper, hence got considerable importance throughout the ages. In the age of mercantilism, European Companies searched for the suitable trade centers in Malabar Coast. There were fighting's among the European Companies for their domination of pepper trade in Malabar. After a long search in late 17th century English Company selected Tellicherry as their trade center. It was well known for the production good quality enormous quantity of pepper that had been in great demand in world markets. In the 18th century, Tellicherry became one of the most considerable and foremost English Company's settlements of India. The first Chief in Tellicherry factory was Robert Adams. He constructed a powerful platform for English Company in Malabar. There were a number of treatises that deal in the East India Company's political and economic relations in Malabar, but those works neglected the role of Robert Adams in the establishment of East India Company's supremacy in Malabar. This study enquires the significance of Robert Adams in the development of English Company's settlement of Tellicherry. It also aims at how the establishment of Tellicherry factory led to the supremacy of English all over the Malabar region later.

Keywords: English Company, Factory, Fortification, Robert Adams, Tellicherry.

[1]. Alexander, P. C. (1946). The Dutch in Malabar. Annamalai.
[2]. Acheson, C. U. (1864). Treaties, Engagements and Sanads Relating to India and Neighboring Countries. Vol. V. Calcutta.

Abstract: The main aim of the present study is to know the effectiveness of the video assisted Instruction in learning chemistry among engineering college students. For this, the investigator applied experimental research method. This study describes and interprets the future of teaching method of chemistry subject at engineering college level. The investigator used the following tools for data collections. Achievement test in learning chemistry constructed and validated by the investigator (2014). VAI package on learning chemistry was prepared by the investigator (2014). In this present investigation descriptive and differential statistical techniques such as mean, standard deviation and 't' test are used. The experimental group I students are having average level of achievement in learning chemistry. The experimental group II students are having average level of achievement in pre test but high level of achievement in post test. The experimental group I students differ significantly in their pre test and post test score in learning chemistry. The experimental group II students differ significantly in their pre test and post test score in learning chemistry. The experimental group I and experimental group II students differ significantly in their post test achievement score in learning chemistry. It is concluded that the VAI method of teaching has effectiveness in learning chemistry subject among the engineering college students.

Keywords: Experimental group I, Experimental Group II, Pre test, Post test.

[1]. Arve Perlberg (1967). Predicting academic achievements of engineering and sciencecollege students'. Journal of Educational Measurement, Vol.4, pp.241-245.
[2]. Esen Uzuntiryaki (2007). Learning Styles and High School Students' Chemistry Achievement. Science Education International, Vol.18(1), pp.25-37.
[3]. Henry E. Garrett. (2006): Statistics in Psychology and Education, Surjeet Publication, New Delhi.
[4]. Kothari, C. R. (2004): Research Methodology, Methods and Techniques (2nd Revised Edition), New Age International Publishers, New Delhi.