iosr-JECE   Volume-8 ~ Issue-4

Abstract: For patients with diabetes especially for Type-I, a.k.a. insulin dependent diabetes, tight control of glucose level is essential. Regulating blood glucose concentration using the insulin infusion device is important for these patients, because they have deficiency of insulin production by pancreas that prevents appropriate metabolism of glucose. This paper is focused to envisage the regulation and management of the concentration of glucose and insulin in the blood of a diabetic. Using this model, a Feedback-loop in a system that regulates and manages the blood glucose-insulin has been designed, implemented and analyzed using Matlab.

Keywords: Insulin, Glucose, Diabetes, Type 1.

[1] Pinky Dua, Francis J .Doyle, and Pistikopoulos, "Model-Based Blood Glucose Control for Type 1 Diabetes via Parametric
Programming," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol.53, pp.1478-1491, August 2006
[2] Nicolas W. Chbat, Tuhin K. Roy "Glycemic Control in Critically Ill Patients – Effect of Delay in Insulin Administration"
Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference Shanghai, China, September 1-4,
2005
[3] Zlatko Trajanoski, Paul Wach, "Neural Predictive Controller for Insulin Delivery Using the Subcutaneous Route,"IEEE
Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol.45, pp: 1122-1134, 1998
[4 ] J.Geoffrey Chase,Z-H Lan,J-Y Lee,and K-S Hwang, "Active Insulin Infusion Control of the Blood Glucose Derivative," Seventh
International Conference on Cootrol, Automation, pp.1162-1167,December 2002
[5] Jiming Chen, Kejie Cao, 1 You Xian Sun, Yang Xiao, and Xu (Kevin) Su, "Continuous Drug Infusion for Diabetes Therapy: A
Feedback-Loop Control System Design" Received 15 July 2007; Revised 25 November 2007; Accepted 5 December 2007

Abstract: In this paper, Bandwidth enhancement of a patch using a new kind of material, so called 'Metamaterial', is being discussed. This new material called Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) mushroom type structure is used to replace the commonly used ground plane for the simple patch. The simple patch showed a percentage bandwidth of 1.9%. The bandwidth was found to increase greatly to 39.20% after the replacement of the ground plane. The patch antenna was simulated using the Computer Simulation Tool (CST) Microwave studio.

Keywords: Electromagnetic Band Gap material, Metamaterials , Microstrip patch antenna, Mushroom Structure, Surface waves

[1] Sandhya Bhavsar, Prof. Bharati Singh "Electromagnetic Band Gap Structures Incorporated In Antenna Array: A Review", International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering (IJCTEE) Volume 3, Special Issue, March-April 2013,

[2] George V Eleftheraides & Keith G Balmain,"Negative Refraction Metamaterials, Fundamental Principles and Applications .", Proceedings of the IEEE , Vol. 99, No. 10, October 2011

[3] Fan Yang and Yahya Rahmat- Samii, "Reflection Phase Characterizations of the EBG Ground Plane for Low Profile Wire Antenna Applications", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 51, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2003.

[4] C. A. Balanis, "Antenna theory , Analysis and Design", 2nd Edition.

[5] Raj Kumar and Jayashree P. Shinde, "On the Effect of Fractal Electromagnetic Band Gap on Antenna Performance", IETE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH , VOL 56 , ISSUE 6 , NOV-DEC 2010.

[6] Tian Hong Loh , "High Impedance Surface Electromagnetic Band Gap Metamaterials:Design approach and applications for antenna engineering".

[7] Simon Tse, John Batchelor, Paul Young, Richard Langley, "Enhanced MEBG patch antenna performance by using a closed edge substrate".

[8] Peter Kovács, Zbyněk Raida, Marta Martínez-Vázquez, "Parametric Study of Mushroom-like and Planar Periodic Structures in Terms of Simultaneous AMC and EBG Properties", RADIOENGINEERING, VOL.17, NO.4, DECEMBER 2008.

Abstract: The most necessary issue that has got to be resolved in coming up with a knowledge transmission algorithmic program for wireless detector networks (WSNs) is the way to save detector node energy whereas meeting the desires of application as the detector nodes are battery restricted. Whereas satisfying the energy saving demand, it's conjointly necessary to realize the standard of service. Just in case of emergency work, it's necessary to deliver the info on time. Achieving quality of service in WSNs is additionally necessary. So as to realize this demand, Power-efficient Energy-Aware routing protocol for wireless detector networks is projected that saves the energy by expeditiously choosing the energy economical path within the routing method. Once supply finds route to destination, it calculates Î for every route. The worth Î relies on largest minimum residual energy of the trail and hop count of the trail. If a route has higher Î, then that path is chosen for routing the info. the worth of α are higher, if the biggest of minimum residual energy of the trail is higher and also the range of hop count is lower. Once the trail is chosen, knowledge is transferred on the trail.

Keywords: Power-efficient Energy-Aware routing protocol, AODV, Max-Min energy routing protocol, the largest of minimum residual energy

[1] Adeel Akhtar, Abid Ali Minhas, and Sohail Jabbar, ―Energy Aware Intra Cluster Routing for Wireless Sensor Network, International Journal of Hybrid Information Technology Vol.3, No.1, January, 2010

[2] Zijian Wang, Eyuphan Bulut, and Boleslaw K. Szymanski, ―Energy Efficient Collision Aware Multipath Routing for Wireless Sensor Network, International Conference on Communication June 14-18, 2009.

[3] An Energy-Aware Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks Ming Liu 1, Jiannong Cao 2, Guihai Chen 3 and Xiaomin Wang Sensors 2009.

[4] Lu Su, Changlei Liu, Hui Songand Guohong Cao ―Routing in Intermittently Connected Sensor Networks‖ 2008 IEEE.

[5] K. Akkaya, and M. Younis, "A Survey on Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks", Elsevier Ad Hoc NetworkJournal, vol. 3, no. 3, pp 325-349, 2005.

[6] Q. Jiang and D. Manivannan, ―Routing protocols for sensor networks,‖ Proceedings of CCNC 2004, pp.93-98, Jan. 2004.

[7] A.P. Subramanian, A.J. Anto, J. Vasudevan, and P. Narayanasamy, ―Multipath power sensitive routing protocol for mobile ad hoc network, Proc. Conf. Wireless on Demand Network Systems, 2004, LNCS 2928, 2004, pp. 171-183.