iosr-JECE   Volume-7 ~ Issue-5

Abstract: Efficient Sub area tree routing, is named after its performance, where the whole network is divided into many subareas, such that they form sub area trees. The root nodes are identified by manual configuration or auto-discovery process. Initially a root node establishes sub area trees and each node either forms a sub area tree or become a interconnect node. ESTR is a hierarchical routing protocol and does not maintain the routing information in every node consistently.It exhibits both the behaviour of proactive and on-demand routing protocols. The simulation results shows that the throughput value of the protocol is considerably found to be maximum compared to AODV protocol which leads to the avoidance of collision, reduces the delay, energy consumption and the data transmission time.

Keywords: ESTR, hierarchical routing protocol, throughput, collision avoidance.

[1] Liu Gui-kai, Shan Chun-li, Wei Gang, Wang Hong-jiang,Subarea Tree Routing in Multi-hop Wireless Ad hoc Networks,IEEE ,pp 1695-1699,2008.

[2] Johnson D, Hu Y and Maltz D. "The dynamic source routing protocol (DSR) for mobile ad hoc networks for IPv4". IETF Internet RFC4728, February 2007.
[3] Ogier R, Templin F and Lewis M. "Topology Broadcast based on Reverse-Path Forwarding (TBRPF)". IETF Internet RFC3684, February 2004.

[4] Clausen T and Jacquet P. "Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR)". IETF Internet RFC3626, October 2003.

[5] C.E. Perkins, E.M. Belding-Royer, and I. Chakeres, "Ad Hoc OnDemand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing," IETF Internet RFC3561, July 2003.

[6] Park V and Corson S. "Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) Version 1 Functional Specification", IETF Internet draft (draft-ietfmanet- tora-spec-04.txt), July 2001.

[7] C.-K. Toh, "Associativity-Based Routing For Ad Hoc Mobile Networks," WLPers. Commun. J., Special Issue on Mobile Networking and Computing Systems,Kluwer, vol. 4, no. 2, Mar. 1997, pp. 103–139.

[11] Haas Z J, and Peariman M R. "The performance of query control schemes for the zone routing protocol". IEEHACM Transactions on Networking, Vol. 9, No. 4, Aug. 2001, pp. 427-438.

Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are increasingly being used in various applications such as for controlling & monitoring purposes in industrial processes. Cost effectiveness is the highly prioritized goal of communication protocols & application design for WSN. This paper discusses the development of a WSN to control & monitor Gas Turbine (GT) based Combustion Chamber (CC), which includes the design, development & implementation of a WSN for real time monitoring & controlling GT based combustion chamber system. The motive behind this work is to totally eliminate the use of control cables. It may be visualized that the sensors are placed around the periphery of the CC of the GT. The regulation of pressure & temperature is done using a radio module attached to a data acquisition board and the prototype circuits designed. Programming of the sensor nodes and the gateway is done using software. The prototype system developed is based on 2/3 voting logic for tripping the system if the temperature or pressure goes below or beyond the threshold range. This work is an initiative to save control cable costs to make gas-based power plants cost effective since no such approach has been taken regarding WSN application until now.

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, Zigbee, Xmesh, Gas Turbine, Combustion Chamber.

[1] V. Madan andS.R.N. Reddy, "Review of Wireless Sensor Mote Platforms", VSRD-IJEECE, Vol.2(2), 2012, pp. 51-55.
[2] G. Zhao and C.A. Davis, "Wireless Sensor Networks for Industrial Process Monitoring and Control: A Survey", ISSN 1943-3581, Vol.3, No.1, 2011, pp. 46-63
[3] F. Huang and T. Sun, "Design & Implementation of Radiation Dose Monitoring System Based on Wireless Sensor Network", International Conference on Future Information Technology IPCSIT, 2011, pp. 430-434
[4] K. Sha, W. Shi and O.Watkins, "Using Wireless Sensor Networks For Fire Rescue Applications: Requirements & Challenges", IEEE-International Conference on Electro/Information Technology, May 2006, pp.239-244Y.
[5] J.A. Gutierrez, B.D. Durocher and B. Lu, "Applying Wireless Sensor Networks in Industrial Plant Energy Evaluation & Planning Systems", IEEE International Conference on Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference, 2006, pp. 1-7.
[6] A. Nanda, B. Dinda, R. Rath and S. Pradhan, "Wireless Sensor Network for Super Cyclone prediction using Artificial Neural Network ", Asian Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 1:2, 2011, pp. 30-33.
[7] S. Taruna,K. Jain and G.N. Purohit, "Application Domain of WSN:- A Paradigm in Developed and Developing Countries", IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol.8, Issue 4, No.2, July 2011, pp. 611-617.
[8] S. Stankovic, "Medical Applications Based on Wireless Sensor Networks", unpublished.
[9] Neda Khan, "Use of Wireless Sensor Network for Fault Tolerant Control of Gas Turbine", M.Tech. (Electronics Engg.) Dissertation, AMU, 2013.
[10] R.Shamim, M.Salim Beg, R.Muzammil, "Implementation of a Wireless Sensor Network for Real Time Temperature Monitoring and Regulation", Proceedings of National Conference on Advances in Wireless Cellular Telecom, New Delhi, April 2011, pp. 112-118.

Abstract: While designing a cellular network, the main issue for the network planning is to achieve maximum capacity while maintaining an acceptable grade of service and good speech quality. Planning an immature network does not allow future growth and expansion. Wise & calculative re-use of site location in the future network structure will save money for the operator. For this reason, digital maps are one of the most essential elements to the network engineers while they have to think about expanding their business. However, the digital maps cost a lot of money. This problem can be mitigated if Google Earth is used. In this paper, the procedure of how to design a cellular digitized map on Google Earth is shown. By calculating the cell radius, implementing the single cell site, forming the 7-cell cluster and all the cells a low cost digitized map is designed. It is necessary to have a digitized map in mobile communication because ultimate goal includes efficient usage of RF wave, frequency reuse, total use of BW and last but not the least cost reduction.

Keywords: Cellular digitized map, Cell radius, Google Earth.

[1] D. Nobel (1962), The history of land to mobile radio communications, IEEE Vehicular Technology Transactions, 29: 1406-1416.

[2] Hata and Masaharu (1980), Empirical Formula for Propagation Loss in Land Mobile Radio Services, IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology, 29(3): 317–325.

[3] Kanagalu R. Manoj (1999), Coverage Estimation for Mobile Cellular Networks from Signal Strength Measurements, The University of Texas at Dallas, Thesis (Ph. D.).

[4] Y.Okumura, E. Ohmori, T. Kawano and K. Fukada (1968), Field strength and ITs Variability in VHF and UHFLand Mobile Radio Service, Rev. Elec. Commun. Lab., 16(9-10): 825-873.