iosr-JECE   Volume-1 ~ Issue-6

Abstract: Wireless networking refers to the technology that enables two or more nodes to communicate over radio frequency, using a network protocol. Advancement in wireless networking technology, wireless local area networks (WLANs) are used almost everywhere like Home, Business and in corporate environments etc. In this paper theoretical analysis has been used to predict the Bandwidth efficiency, total packet delay, protection mechanisms and power consumption in IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g WLANs .
Keywords: IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11g

[1] IEEE 802.11 WG part 11a, "Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications, High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band," 1999
[2] IEEE 802.11 WG part 11b, "Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications, Higher Speed PHY Layer Extension in the 2.4 GHz Band,"1999
[3] IEEE 802.11 WG part 11g, "Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications, Further Higher Speed Physical Layer Extension in the 2.4 GHz Band," 2003.
[4] IEEE Std. 802.11b, "Higher-Speed Physical Layer (PHY) Extension in the 2.4 GHz Band," 2001.
[5] IEEE Std. 802.11g, "Further Higher-Speed Physical Layer Extension in the 2.4 GHz Band," 2003.

Abstract : For weather monitoring system and irrigation controller, we need to measure different parameters i.e. Atmospheric temperature, Humidity, Wind speed, Wind direction, Radiation, Soil temperature, Sunshine and Rain fall etc. The key objective of this project is to report on a developed indigenous low cost time based microcontroller based irrigation scheduler who performs user defined functions and outputs commands to derive appropriate actuators (relay, solenoid valves, motor). A soil moisture sensor was modeled, simulated and tested for achieving, with low-cost, accurate and reliable measurements. A low-cost high-performance and small temperature sensor is used, with the same PCB circuit it can measure humidity also. The tipping bucket rain gauge is used to measure rain fall. After a pre-set amount of precipitation falls, the lever tips, dumping the collected water and sending an electrical signal. An anemometer is a device used for measuring wind speed, and is a common weather station instrument. Hence current research focuses on precision agriculture, soil conservation and crop irrigation scheduling and water quantity control for increasing water use efficiency. There is a need to develop new indigenous irrigation controller to improve farm productivity and input use efficiency of water and other nutrients. This system presents the design and development of Irrigation controller System built around PIC16F877A microcontroller. The system consists of microcontroller, peripherals including RTC, LCD and driver circuit relay to switch on/off a motor.
Keywords – Anemometer, irrigation controller, irrigation scheduler, tipping bucket rain gauge, weather monitoring

Journal Papers:
[1] Integrated sensor suite installation manual
[2] P. Javadi Kia, A. Tabatabaee Far, M. Omid, R. Alimardani and L. Naderloo," ," Intelligent Control Based Fuzzy Logic for Automation of Greenhouse Irrigation System and Evaluation in Relation to Conventional Systems"in the World Applied Sciences Journal 6 (1): 16-23,2009.
[3] Hao sipeng Zhang Yangfei Li Xianyun Yuan Yue, The equivalent wind speed model in the wind farm dynamic analysis, Forth international conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Power Technologies (DRPT),2011
[4] Cuihong Liu Wentao Ren Benhua Zhang Changyi Lv, The application of soil temperature measurement by LM35 temperature sensors, International conference on Electronic and Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology (EMEIT),2011
[5] Hao sipeng Zhang Yangfei Li Xianyun Yuan Yue Sch. Of power Electr. Eng., Nanjing Inst. Of Technol, Nanjing, China "Equivalent wind speed model in wind farm dyanamic analysis" 4th International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT),2011
[6] Sulaiman, S. Manut, A. Nur Firdaus, A.R, Design, Fabrication and testing of Fringing Electric Field Soil Moisture sensor for wireless Precision Agriculture Applications, International Conference on Information and Multimedia Technology,2009,ICIMT'09
[7] Singh,N.Mohan,A. Dept. of Phys., Nehru Coll., Chhibramau "Determination of size and number density of water droplets by the measurement of intensity of scattered light" International Conference on Mathematical Methods in Electromagnetic Theory, 1998. MMET 98. 1998
[8] Jiachun Li Wentei Tu, An Irrigation Control System Based on C8051F and ARM, International Conference on Digital Manufacturing and Automation (ICDMA), 2010
[9] Valente, A. Boaventura Cunha, J. Couto, C., Soil moisture sensor with built-in fault-detection capabilities, Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 1998. IECON '98.
[10] Sulaiman, S. Manut, A. Nur Firdaus, A.R, Design, Fabrication and Testing of Fringing Electric Field Soil Moisture Sensor for Wireless Precision Agriculture Applications, International Conference on Information and Multimedia Technology, 2009. ICIMT '09.

Abstract : This paper presents a VLSI design approach for a high speed and real time Discrete Wavelet Transform computing. The hardware requirement is a major concern in the computation of discrete wavelet transform. There are many multiplier-less architecture for DWT for reducing the hardware requirement. But it is observed that the approximation method for constant multiplier implementation in DWT can increases the speed and reduces the hardware requirement for the computation of Discrete Wavelet Transform.
Keywords – DWT, BBRF, Fast-convolution, Lifting.

[1] Maurizio Martina: "Multiplier-less, Folded 9/7– 5/3 Wavelet VLSI Architecture", IEEE transactions on circuits and systems ii: express briefs, vol. 54, no. 9, September 2007
[2] M Maaumoun et al, Low cost VLSI discrete wavelet transform and FIR filters architectures for very high-speed signal and image processing ," Cybernetic Intelligent Systems (CIS), 2010 IEEE 9th International Conference on,
[3] Ingrid Daubechies et al, "Factoring wavelet transforms into lifting steps", November 2007.
[4] Basant K. Mohanty: "Efficient Multiplier-less Designs for 1-D DWT using 9/7 Filters Based on Distributed Arithmetic."
[5] M. Alam et al., "Efficient distributed arithmetic based DWT architecture for multimedia applications," in Proc. IEEE Int. Workshop on SoC for Real-Time Applications, 2003, pp. 333–336.
[6] X. Cao et al., "An efficient VLSI implementation of distributed architecture for DWT," in Proc. IEEE Workshop Multimedia Signal Process., 2006, pp. 364–367.
[7] K. A. Kotteri, A. E. Bell, and J. E. Carletta, "Design of multiplier-less, high-performance, wavelet filter banks with image compression applications," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 483–494, Mar. 2004.
[8] M. Martina and G. Masera, "Low-complexity, efficient 9/7 wavelet filters VLSI implementation," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Exp. Briefs, vol. 53, no. 11, pp. 1289–1293, Nov. 2006.
[9] P. Longa, A. Miri, and M. Bolic, "Modified distributed arithmetic based architecture for discrete wavelet transforms," Electronics Letters vol. 44, no. 4, Feb. 2008.
[10] Gaurav Tewari, Santu Sardar, K. A. Babu, "High-Speed & Memory Efficient 2-D DWT on Xilinx Spartan3A DSP using scalable Polyphase Structure with DA for JPEG2000 Standard," IEEE, 2011.