iosr-JECE   Volume-9 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec 2014

Abstract: The article defines the relation between the error parameters in networks that are built on optical transmission paths in relation to the optical wireless links. Due to the large volume of the transmitted data caused by the association of many tributary signals, the high demands on the transmission error are expected. The aim of the article is to develop measurement methods, evaluation of individual error parameters and explain the relation between them.

Keywords: Bit Error Ratio, Quality Factor.

[1] P. Ivaniga, Evaluation of error rate in high-speed digital networks, Published by University of Žilina in Žilina, EDIS – ŽU 2007, 87p, 1st Edition, ISBN 978-80-8070-771-2.
[2] P. Tošovský, Tester for optical fiber-free connection, Elektrorevue 53, 2007, ISSN 1213-1539, p. 1-6.
[3] L. Mikuš, Evaluations of the error rate in backbone networks, Elektrorevue 2(12) 2010, ISSN 1213-1539 p.1-6.
[4] D. Kilper, et al., Optical Performance monitoring. IEEE Lightwave Technology Journal, 22, 2006 p. 294-304.
[5] P. Ivaniga, Error rate characteristics for multi operator transmission path, Elektrorevue 1(15) 2013, ISSN 1213 -1539

Abstract: With the electric industry undergoing change, increased attention is being focused on power supply reliability and power quality. Power providers and users alike are concerned about reliable power, whether the focus is on interruptions and disturbances or extended outages. Monitoring can provide information about power flow and demand and help to identify the cause of power system disturbances. The proposal in this paper is to monitor the power consumed by a model organization such a household consumers from a centrally located point. Monitoring the power means calculating the power consumed exactly by the user at a given time. The power consumed by the user is measured and communicated to the controlling substation whenever needed by the person at the substation. The feedback from the user helps in identifying usages between authorized and unauthorized users which helps in controlling the power theft, one of the major challenges in current scenarios. Communication between user/household and substation can be of wired and wireless

Keywords: Zig Bee, power theft, GSM, AT commands, wireless meter reading.

[1] C. Jägerlind, "Improvements for the automatic meter reading process in electricity distribution companies," Master Thesis, Dep. Industrial Info and Control Systems, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden 2006.
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[5] international Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution, Prague, Czech Republic, June 2009, pp. 1–4

Abstract: In image enhancement process involves removal of noise and distortions like artifacts ,to improve the visual perspective for a viewer. Due to unique characteristics the document image having different contents with different regions which distorted differentially by noises and several artifacts. In many applications, single filtering approach will not give a good result at each pixel locations. So we provide a new approach a Combined Filtering based on a hypothesis for image quality improvement . It utilizes an approach to select a set of filters to improve the quality of distorted region of image with different regions. The HCF extracted the featured vector to predict the performance of filtering for estimating pixel intensity in original image. Maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters are calculated by unsupervised clustering Expectation Maximization(EM) algorithm and FCM clustering ,which used to weighting for the filter output. In this way, the HCF serves as a framework for combining the outputs of a number of different user selected filters, each best suited for a different region of an image.To improve contrast quality Bi histogram equalization techniques applied for various images such as remote sensing images and general images which are obtained at the output of combined filtering The scheme consistently improves the quality of the decoded image over a variety of image content having different charecteristics.

Keywords: Denoising, Artifacts,HCF,EM algorithm,FCM clustering,Maximum likelihood estimate,feature vectors,Ringing artifacts,Blocking artifacts, Bi histogram equalization

[1] (R. Gonzalez and R.Woods, Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice-Hall, 2007.)

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[4] G. K. Wallace, "The JPEG still picture compression standard," Commun.ACM, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 30–44, Apr. 1991.

[5] T.-S. Wong, C. A. Bouman, I. Pollak, and Z. Fan, "A document imagemodel and estimation algorithm for optimized JPEG decompression,"IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 2518–2535, Nov. 2009