iosr-JECE   Volume-9 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct 2014

Abstract: Outages of GSM signals may be experienced at some indoor locations even where there are strong outdoor receptions. This is often traced to the building penetration loss, which accounts for increased attenuation of received GSM signal level when a mobile signal device is moved indoor from outdoor. The signal degradation increases with increasing penetration loss. Penetration loss depends on the building material type, amongst others and adds to the overall path loss of a link. In this work, measurements of two existing GSM Operators' signals level were made outside and inside two selected buildings- concrete and block, which represent the prevalent building types in Orhuwhorun, Delta State, Nigeria. A Samsung Galaxy GT-35000 mobile phone with RF signal tracker software installed in it was used and the results shows an average loss of 10.62dBm, and 4.25dBm for the concrete and block buildings, respectively. This results will help service network providers in future site-specific planning

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[3]. Caluyo, F. S. and Dela Cruz, J. C. (2011), Penetration Loss of Doors and Windows inside Residences using ISDB-T Digital Terrestrial Television Signal at 677 MHz, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science, San Francisco, USA 2: 890-894.
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Abstract: Biometrics-based authentication offers several advantages over other authentication methods, there has been a significant surge in the use of biometrics for user authentication in recent years. The software be designed will control a simulated automated teller machine (ATM) with a customer console for interaction with the customer. The ATM will communicate with the bank computer over an appropriate communication link. The ATM will service one customer at a time. A customer will be required to enter a login id and validate his finger print and both will be sent to the bank for validation as part of each transaction. This makes the developed ATM software more secure as compared to the software that authenticates the user merely by using a PIN or password. The end result is an enhanced biometric authenticated ATM system that ensures greater security and increased customer's confidence in the banking sector. Keywords: palm-print recognition, PIN, biometric authentication, security

[1]. Tee Connie, Andrew Teoh Beng Jin, Michael Goh Kah Ong, David Ngo Chek Ling, "An automated palmprint recognition system ", Image and Vision Computing , Vol.23, pp.501–515, 2005.
[2]. Patprapa Tunkpien, Sasipa Panduwadeethorn, Suphakant Phimoltares, " Compact Extract ion of Principle Lines in P almprint Using Consecutive Filtering Operations".
[3]. Tee Connie, Andrew Teoh, Michael Goh, David Ngo, "Palmprint Recognition with PCA and ICA" , Image and Vision Computing NZ,Palmerston North, pp.227-232, 2003.
[4]. Jinsu Choi Jaemin Kim, Seongwon Cho and II Robert J. Marks. Iris recognition using wavelet features. Journal of VLSI Signal Processing, 38(2):147{156,2004.
[5]. Hui Chen and Bir Bhanu. Contour matching for 3d ear recognition. In Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE Workshops on Application of Computer Vision (WACV/MOTION'05), volume 1, pages 123{128,Washington, DC, USA,2005. IEEE Computer Society.

Abstract: Interest involves the determination of path loss exponent in Orhuwhorun environs, Delta state, Nigeria.This work is to provide a propagation model that can be used to accurately determine path loss in Orhuwhorun, since such was not previously available. In this research, measurements of two existing GSM Operators' signals level were made outside and inside three selected buildings- concrete, block and mud which represent the prevalent building types in Orhuwhorun, Delta State, Nigeria. A Samsung Galaxy GT-35000 mobile phone with RF signal tracker software installed in it was used and the results shows an average loss of 10.62dBm, 4.20dBm and 5.11dBm for the concrete, block and mud buildings, respectively with a corresponding average path loss exponent of 3.67, 3.86 and 3.60. The modeled path loss varies with distance and environment. This result will help service providers for future site-specific planning.

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[5]. Caluyo, F. S. and Dela Cruz, J. C. (2011), Penetration Loss of Doors and Windows inside Residences using ISDB-T Digital Terrestrial Television Signal at 677 MHz, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science, San Francisco, USA 2: 890-894.