iosr-JECE   Volume-9 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2014

Abstract: Optical Code-Division Multiple-Access (OCDMA) have flourished as successful schemes for expanding the transmission capacity as well as enhancing the security for OCDMA. Optical code-division multiple-access is proposed as a natural solution to achieving asynchronous, high-speed connectivity in a local area network environment. Optical CDMA is shown to be competitive with other networking technologies such as WDMA and TDMA, but has the benefit of more flexibility, simpler protocols, and no need for centralized network control. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on OCDMA overlay systems, including our approach of one dimensional coding of SAC OCDMA. Furthermore, an essential background of OCDMA, recent coding techniques and security issues are also presented.The limitations of one-dimensional optical orthogonal codes for CDMA have motivated the idea of spectral spreading in both the temporal and wavelength domains. If the constraints on constant weight in these two-dimensional codes are relaxed, differentiated levels of service at the physical layer become possible. Areas for further research are suggested which may allow quality of service levels to be guaranteed at the physical layer.
Keywords: OCDMA, multiple access, OOC(Optical orthogonal code), WDMA+CDMA, Multiple weight OOC.

[1]. Viterbi, A., 1979. Spread spectrum communications--Myths and realities. IEEE Commun. Mag., 17: 11-18.DOI: 10.1109/MCOM.1979.1089969
[2]. Pickholtz, R., D. Schilling and L. Milstein, 1982.Theory of spread-spectrum communications—a tutorial. IEEE Trans. Commun., 30: 855-884.10.1109/TCOM.1982.1095533
[3]. Hata, M., N. Shiraishi, S. Tomisato, 2006. Cellular CDMA system capacity in a service area with tapered traffic distribution. Proceedings of theIEEE Wireless Communications and NetworkingConference, Apr. 3-6, IEEE Xplore Press, LasVegas, NV, pp: 25-29. DOI:10.1109/WCNC.2006.1683435
[4]. Prucnal, P., M. Santoro and T. Fan, 1986. Spread spectrum fiber-optic local area network usingoptical processing. J. Lightw. Technol., 4: 547-554.DOI: 10.1109/JLT.1986.1074754
[5]. Salehi, J.A., 1989. Code division multiple-accesstechniques in optical fiber networks. I. Fundamental principles. IEEE Trans. Commun.,37: 824-833. DOI: 10.1109/26.31181
[6]. Salehi, J.A. and C.A. Brackett, 1989. Code divisionmultiple-access techniques in optical fibernetworks. II. Systems performance analysis. IEEETrans. Commun., 37: 834-842. DOI:10.1109/26.31182
[7]. Hamam, H., 2006. Optical Fiber Components: Designand Applications. 1st Edn.,Transworld ResearchNetwork, India, ISBN: 8130800977, pp: 243.
[8] M. J. Parham, C. Smythe and B. L. Weiss, ―Code division multiple access techniques for use in optical fiber local area networks,‖ Elect. AndComm. Journal, pp. 203-212, Aug. 1992.
[9] J. Salehi, ―Code Division Multiple AccessTechniques in Optical Fiber Networks-Part I:Fundamental Concepts,‖ IEEE Trans. Comm., Vol.37, p. 824, August 1989.
[10] V. Baby, B. C. Wang, L. Xu, I. Glesk and P. R.Prucnal, ―Highly scalable serial–parallel opticaldelay line,‖ Optics Communications, Vol. 218, pp.235-242, April 2003.

Abstract: Near Field Communication (NFC) is one of the latest wireless communication technologies, making possible variety of novel services particular in the security aspect. This paper presents an idea to implement a security system using a new technology called the Near Field Identification (NFID) which uses the combined principle of NFC and RFID (Radio frequency Identification). The security system thus developed will have a wide advantage over the existing biometric systems that are in practice and will provide a highly secure environment in the near future.
Keywords: Amplifier, LED, NFID, NFC, RFID, Security.

[1] W. Webb, Wireless Communications: The Future John Wiley & Sons, 2007. Gelenbe, E. (2006)
[2] Near Field Communication and the NFC Forum: The Keys to Truly Interoperable Communications White Paper, NFC Forum, 2007
[3] B. Benyó, B. Sódor, A. Vilmos, G. FördĘs,"A novel virtual machine based approach for hosting NFC services on mobile devices" WMNC 2010.
[4] Benyó B, Sódor B, Kovács L, Homlok J, FördĘs G: Security issues of service installation on a multi-application NFC environment. 14th IEEE Int. Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES 2010).
[5] K. Finkenzeller, RFID Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards and IdentificationJ. Wiley & S., 2003
[6] Short Form Specification, "Near Field Communication PN531- C based Transmission module", Philips Semiconductors, February 2004.

Abstract: In this work, we describe an effective video communication for wireless transmission of H.264/AVC medical ultrasound video over mobile WiMAX networks. Medical ultrasound is encoded using error resilient encoding in which, the quantization levels are varied according to the function of the diagnostic significance of image region. We explain how our proposed system allows for the transmission of high-resolution clinical video which is being encoded at the clinical acquisition resolution and then decoded with low delay. We perform this functional concept by using OPNET simulations of the mobile WiMAX medium and also considering some of the physical layer characteristics also such as service prioritization classes, different types of modulation being performed, fading channel's conditions, coding schemes and their types and mobility.We are encoding the ultrasound videos at 4CIF(704×576)resolution to provide high level of clarity. The video quality assessment is being done based on both of their evaluations in objective and subjective manner.
Keywords: WiMAX, Long Term Evolution(LTE), High Efficiency Video Coding(HEVC), Flexible Macroblock Ordering (FMO), Diagnostically Relevant Encoding, 4G, mobile health care.

[1] C.S. Pattichis, E. Kyriacou, S. Voskarides, M.S. pattichis, and R. Istepanian, "Wireless telemedicine systems:An overview,"IEEE Antennas Propag.Mag.,vol.44,no.2,pp. 143-153, Apr.2002.
[2] A. Panayides, M.S Pattichis, C.S. Pattichis, C.P. Loizou, M. Pantziaris, and A. Pitsillides, "Atherosclerotic plaque ultrasound video encoding, wireless transmission, and quality assessment using H.264."IEEE Trans.Inf.Technol.Biomed., vol.15, no.3,pp.387-397, May 2011.
[3] A. Panayides, M.S Pattichis, C.S Pattichis, A. Pitsillides, "A tutorial for emerging wireless medical video transmission systems," IEEE Antennas Propag.Mag., vol.53, no.2, pp.202-213, Apr.2011.
[4] A.S. Panayides, "Diagnostically resilient encoding, wireless transmission, and quality assessment of medical video,"Ph.D. Dissertation, Dept.Comput.Sci., Univ.Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus, 2011.
[5] A. Panayides, M.S Pattichis, C.S Pattichis, C.N.Schizas, A. Spanias, and E.C. Kyriacou, "An overview of recent end-to-end wireless medical video telemedicine systems using 3G," in Proc. Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc., Buenos Aires, Argentina, Aug.31-sep.4, 2010, pp. 1045-1048.
[6] C.S Pattichis, C.P Loizou, and M. Pantziaris, And A. Nicolaides, "An integrated system for the segmentation of atherosclerotic carotid plaque,"IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed., vol. 11,no. 5, pp. 661-667, Nov.2007.
[7] M.G. Martini and C.T.E.R. Hewage, "Flexible macroblock ordering for context-aware ultrasound video transmission over mobile WiMAX," Int. J. Telemed. Appl., vol. 2010, p. 14, 2010.
[8] A.Alinejad, N. Philip, and R. Istepanian, "Cross layer ultrasound video streaming over mobile WiMAX and HSUPA networks," IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed., vol. 16,no. 1, pp.31-39,Jan. 2012.