iosr-JECE   Volume-16 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar.-Apr. 2021

Abstract:Many methods like total variation, nonlocal means and wavelet method are used for remote sensing image denoising. All these denoising methods depends on the features that all come from the noisy image itself. In fact, the image features acquired by other sensors from the same scene can also be used as priors in denoising. So, a new method for denoising remote sensing images based on partial differential equations (PDEs) is proposed. It uses the features
such as direction of smoothening and strength of smoothening of the auxiliary image too.......

Keywords: Partial differential equations (PDE), auxiliary image, wavelet transform, Multicomponent image.

[1]. Tolga Tasdizen, Senior Member, IEEE"Principal Neighborhood Dictionaries for Nonlocal Means Image Denoising"IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL. 18, NO. 12, DECEMBER 2009 2649
[2]. Sorin Pop, Olivier Lavialle, Marc Donias, Romulus Terebes, Monica Borda, Sebastien Guillon, and Noomane Keskes"A PDE-Based Approach to Three-Dimensional Seismic Data Fusion"IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY 2008
[3]. Glenn R. Easley, Member, IEEE, Demetrio Labate, and Flavia Colonna"Shearlet-Based Total Variation Diffusion for Denoising"IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL. 18, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2009
[4]. Yue Hu, StudentMember, IEEE, and Mathews Jacob, Member, IEEE"Higher Degree Total Variation (HDTV) Regularization for Image Recovery"IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL. 21, NO. 5, MAY 2012
[5]. Xuande Zhang, Xiangchu Feng, and Weiwei Wang"Two-Direction Nonlocal Model for Image Denoising"IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL. 22, NO. 1, JANUARY 2013

Abstract: Microstrip antennas are used in various applications including weather radar applications. The antenna is widely used because it has a light mass, low price, and small dimension. On the other hand, microstrip antennas have the disadvantage in gain and the resulting bandwidth isrelatively small and array techniques are needed to overcome them. In this final project, writer has been designed, simulated,and realized a 2x4 microstrip patch antenna which is arranged planar which worksat the frequency of 2.7 GHz-2.9 GHz. This antenna has a type of microstrip antenna with FR-4 substrate material made of copper. The realized antenna produces a working frequency band 2.7 GHz – 2.9 GHz with center frequency 2.8 GHz, Bandwidth 200 MHz, VSWR ≤ 2, Gain ≥ 10 dBi, Return loss ≥ 10 dB, and the unidirectional radiation pattern..

Keywords: Array , Bandwidth, Gain, Microstrip Antenna, Weather Radar

[1]. J.S.S. Sumanpreet Kaur Sidhu, "Comparison of Different Types of Microstrip Patches Antennas, "International Journal of Computer Applications, 2015.
[2]. B.P.Y.W. Marthin Purba, "DESIGN AND REALIZATION OF PATCH ARRAY FMCW RADAR ANTENNA IN 9.4 GHZ FREQUENCY WITH RECOMMENDATIONS COAXIAL PROBE, vol. 2 No. 3, p. 7065, December 2013.
[3]. A.V.S. Angeline M.Flashy, "Microstrip circular Antenna array design for radar applica, tion "in IEEE, Chennai, India, February 9, 2015.
[4]. C.D. AGNESYA, "MAKING THE PATCH MICROSTRIP ANTENNA USING INSET FEED RECORDING TECHNIQUE FOR APPLICATION RADAR WEATHER IN S-BAND FREQUENCY, "Padang State Polytechnic, 2016.
[5]. R. Yulieta, "The Importance of Weather Radar (Online), Available: http: www.academia.edu/12537537/ Importance of Weather Radar. [Accessed on December 18, 2017].

Abstract: Passive Optical Networks (PONs) is seen as a potential backhaul for 4G (LTE) mobile networks because of its excellent technical attributes like capacity, reliability, range and lots more. Determination of optimal location for its splitter is important because of its role in getting total fibre length required for PON network deployment. This paper presents computational techniques for determination of optimal splitter coordinates for Passive Optical Networks. SMILE Mobile Networks Port Harcourt was used as a case study. Cell finder tool was used to obtain the coordinates of all SMILE eNB locations in Port Harcourt. Two methods (Manual and Systematic) were developed. In manual method, 35 sample test splitter locations were considered via the aid of GPS Visualizer tool and the coordinate 4.82778640N, 7.0265820E was obtained as optimal splitter coordinate. Systematic approach utilises Vincenty formula....

Keywords: LTE, PON, Coordinates, Optimum, Splitter, Optical Network Unit, Optical Line Terminal, eNB

[1]. Ghosh, J. Zhang, J.G. Andrews, and R. Muhamed, (2010). Fundamentals of LTE, Prentice Hall.
[2]. Aditi Malik and Preeti Singh,( 2015) "Free Space optics: current applications and future challenges" International Journal of Optics vol. 2015.
[3]. Almaleq Yasser A. (2014). Study of broadband passive Optical Network (BPON) using EDFA ; Electronic thesis and dissertations, vol. 22, University of Denver.
[4]. Alvinice Kodjo,( 2015). Design and optimization of wireless backhaul networks
[5]. Bas Van Dongen ( 2016). Fiber Optics: 21st Century communication backbone