iosr-JECE   Volume-14 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2019

Abstract: This paper employs multi-valued logic in the reliability analysis of a multi-state system. The paper expresses each instance of the multi-valued output of the system as an explicit function of the multi-valued inputs of the system. The various expressions are then compiled in a Multi-Valued Karnaugh Map (MVKM) which serves as the natural map for a multi-state system. The paper demonstrates its proposed technique in terms of a standard commodity-supply system, and obtains numerical results that exactly agree with those obtained by earlier methods. As a bonus, the paper utilizes the MVKM representation of the solved coherent multi-state system to illustrate its features of causality, monotonicity and relevancy.

Index Terms - Multi-State system,Reliability analysis, Multi-valued logic, k-out-of-n system, Multi-valued Karnaugh map.

[1]. Tian, Z., Zuo, M. J., & Yam, R. C. (2008). Multi-state k-out-of-n systems and their performance evaluation. IIE Transactions, 41(1), 32-44.
[2]. Mo, Y., Xing , L., Amari, S. V., and Dugan, J. B., Efficient analysis of multi-state k-out-of-n system, Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 133: 95-105, (2015).
[3]. Rushdi, A. M. , Al-Amoudi M. A. (2019), Switching-algebraic analysis of multi-state system reliability, Journal of Engineering Research and Reports. [4]. Karnaugh, M. (1953). The map method for synthesis of combinational logic circuits. Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Part I: Communication and Electronics, 72(5), 593-599.
[5]. Dean, K. J. An extension of the use of Karnaugh maps in the minimization of logical functions. Radio and Electronic Engineer, 1968; 35(5), 294-296..

Abstract:Motion detectors play a vital role in our daily lives, a very common example is an automatic door which opens when an individual approaches it and closes after the individual has passed through. They are also used in the control of lighting systems; the light is switched on when the sensor detects motion and switched off when no motion is detected. In this article an ultrasonic sensor was interfaced with a PIC microcontroller and a buzzer which makes a beeping sound when an intruder is detected. An ultrasonic sensor was chosen because the range of detection can be distinctively set with aid of the microcontroller and any object outside a specific rage will not be detected. An ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) was used and it has a maximum range of about 4 m.

Index Terms - Ultrasonic, Motion detector, microcontroller.

[1]. Aladin Carovac, Fahrudin Smajlovic and Dzelaludin Junuzovic, Application of Ultrasound in Medicine, Journal of Academy of
medical sciences of Bosnia Herzegovina , 19, 2011, 168-171.
[2]. Stefan B. Williams, Paul Newman, Julio Rosenblatt, Gamini Dissanayake and Hugh Durrant-Whyte, Autonomous Underwater
Navigation and Control, Robotica, 19( 5), 2001, 481-496

[3]. S. Jeneeth Subashini, Implementation, working and results of circuit detection of intruders movement using ultrasonic sensors,
International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technolog Research, 2(3), 2014, 520-526.
[4]. Abhay Pratap Singh, A Review on Ultrasonic Radar Sensor for Security system, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative
Research, 3( 4),2016, 137-139.
[5]. David Caicedo and Ashish Pandharipande, Ultrasonic array for indoor presence detection, 20th European Signal Processing
Conference, 175-179, 2012.

Abstract: A binomial array of 3-elements rectangular microstrip patch antennas has been designed and simulated at 2.4 GHz using HFSS (high frequency structure simulator) software for the side lobes reduction and gain improvement. This array of 3-elements is also designed to reduce the size of the array by a pair of inner elements of a binomial array of 4-elements of rectangular microstrip patch antennas is replaced by a single element. This array is a non-uniform array because the currents in these 3-elements of the array are not equal. The microstrip feed lines are designed for the non-uniform amplitude excitations. The simulated results are compared with published results in reputed journals. The simulated result of side lobe is -7.57 dB which is negligible. The beam width of the main..........

Index Terms - Binomial array, Microstrip antenna, HFSS, Sidelobe reduction, Non-uniform array, Radiation pattern.

[1]. C.A. Balanis, "Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design", New York: John Wiley and Sons; 2005.
[2]. J.D. Kraus, "Antennas", Singapore: McGraw Hill; 1988.
[3]. A.R. Harish, M.Sachidananda, "Antenna and Wave Propagation", Oxford University Press; 2007.
[4]. N.A.Wahab, "Microstrip rectangular 4x1 patch array antenna at 2.5 GHz for wimax application", IEEE Computer Society, pp. 164-168, 2010.
[5]. S.H.Yahya Khraisat, "Design of 4-elements rectangular microstrip patch antenna with high gain for 2.4 GHz applications", Modern Applied Science, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2012.