iosr-JECE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct 2016

Abstract: Biomedical images are the core of medical science. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans produce detailed images of the internal structure of human brain and other parts of the body. Brain tumor segmentation from brain MRI data is a very significant task but it is done manually by medical experts which is very cumbersome and time-consuming. A large number of techniques have been proposed for the automatic brain tumor detection and segmentation from the brain MRI images. In this paper, the existing brain tumor detection and segmentation techniques for brain MRI images have been discussed.

Keywords: Brain MRI images, FCM, Region growing, Thresholding, Tumor segmentation

[1]. Gordillo, Nelly, Eduard Montseny, and Pilar Sobrevilla, "State of the art survey on MRI brain tumor segmentation", Magnetic resonance imaging, Elsevier, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 1426-1438, 2013.
[2]. Aswathy, S. U., G. Glan Deva Dhas, and S. S. Kumar, "A survey on detection of brain tumor from MRI brain images", In Control, Instrumentation, Communication and Computational Technologies (ICCICCT), International Conference on, pp. 871-877, IEEE, 2014.
[3]. Aslam, Asra, Ekram Khan, and MM Sufyan Beg, "Improved Edge Detection Algorithm for Brain Tumor Segmentation", Procedia Computer Science, vol. 58, pp. 430-437, 2015.
[4]. Roy, Sudipta, and Samir K. Bandyopadhyay, "Detection and Quantification of Brain Tumor from MRI of Brain and its Symmetric Analysis", International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research, vol. 2, no. 6, 2012.

Abstract: ELV stands for Extra Low Voltage Systems, Low Current Systems , Electronic Systems or as Telecommunication Systems. ICT components can also be known as ELV Systems. The myths over the use of A.C. or D.C. for power distribution are deep-rooted, perhaps dating back to Edison. With increasing D.C. powered loads in building services (for example, in LED lighting circuits, portable device charging, access and security systems, or environmental control) often extremely inefficient, transformer/rectifier units (contributing to localized heating of the working space through I2R losses)...........

Keywords: ELV systems, applications, SELV, PELV , FELV

[1] Stand-alone Power Systems Components.,Renewable Energy Centre Edition 1 (Dec 2002) Resource Book.
[2] Afazuddin Ahamed http://resources.intenseschool.com/smart-building-technology-how-ict-engineers-can-change-the-community/
[3] Blane Judd – Chair of the IET Standards Technical Committee 2.4 DC Power Systems
[4] http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/education/connected_real_estate_for_schools.html

[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_services_engineering

Abstract:We have theoretically and numerically investigated the self-healing peculiarity of Airy beams truncated by different decay factors. The self-healing dynamic processes of truncated Airy beams are different from that of blocked Airy beams. The wing with large truncation of Airy beam can propagate much longer distance than that of small truncated wing. When one of the wings is complete truncated, the Airy beam propagates along a straight line and neither self-bending nor self-reconstruction can be observed. The Poynting
vector and energy flow are conducted to gain an insight into the physical mechanism

Keywords: (350.5500) Propagation; (050.1940) Diffraction; (260.1960) Diffraction theory; (260.2110) Electronmagnetic optics.

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