iosr-JDMS   Volume-9 ~ Issue-2

Abstract: Histogenesis of Lung was studied using 52 normal human fetuses ranging from 16 to 36 weeks of gestation, under Light Microscopy after sectioning the lung and staining with HaematoxylinandEosin.The Bronchial buds undergo repeated division to form bronchial tubes that differentiate into different parts of intrapulmonary bronchial tree. At 16 weeks , bronchial tubes of varying sizes were seen,of which the bronchi were lined by low columnar to pseudo stratified cells while the bronchioles showed simple columnar epithelium, cilia became evident by 19 weeks. The bronchi were accompanied by large blood vessels. Bronchial walls showed plates of pre cartilage at 16 weeks which were well formed by 20 weeks, lymphatic element by 22 weeks and glands by 24weeks.With further division of the bronchial tubes marked vascularization was noted. Respiratory bronchioles appeared at 25weeks and their further division into alveolar ducts and alveoli at 29 weeks. At 36 weeks walls of the alveoli were thinned out and invaded by capillaries, section resembled that of an adult lung.

Keywords:Human fetus, bronchial tubes, lung, Haematoxylin and Eosin Stain, Alveoli.

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Abstract:Hormones- estrogen and progesterone control the menstrual cycle in women. These hormones also affect the blood glucose. Many women notice fluctuations in blood glucose at certain times in their monthly cycle, such as an increase in blood glucose a few days prior to the beginning of their period and then a decrease once the period begins. This increase usually occurs after ovulation and before menstruation. These changes are caused by the hormones, estrogen and progesterone. When these hormones are at their highest level just before the menstruation, they affect another important hormone, insulin, which may in turn cause the blood glucose to rise. The study was carried out to know whether or not there are any consistent variations in the blood glucose levels in women with different phases of menstrual cycle and to compare the variations in blood glucose levels in different phases of menstruation between individuals. This study included 50 healthy women aged 18-22 years with regular menstrual cycles of 23-32 days who were non smokers and non alcoholics. Colorimetric technique was used for glucose measurement, enzyme linked immune sorbent assay technique (ELISA) for measurement of hormones. The results of the present study revealed significant increase in mean (±SD) values of serum glucose (p<0.0001) and serum progesterone levels (p<0.0001) with significant decrease of serum estradiol mean (±SD) values (p<0.0001) in luteal phase than follicular phase of menstrual cycle of healthy women. The rise in blood glucose concentration during luteal phase compared to follicular phase in the same subject and between the individuals indicated faster carbohydrate metabolism during follicular phase as compared to luteal phase. The reason is probably due to changes in the level of endogenous female sexual hormones particularly progesterone which causes insulin resistance.

Key words: blood glucose, menstrual cycle, female sex hormones, young healthy women.

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Abstract: Establishment of association between two variables in the forensic science is of paramount importance. The study was aimed to determine association of lip prints types and left thumb prints among Nigerians. A total of 820 subjects (414 male and 406 female) participated in the study. The lip prints were obtained on microscopic glass slide and developed using carbon black powder. For finger prints normal conventional method of using ink pad was employed. The data were analyzed using chi square test and P <0.05 was considered as level of significance. The result shows the percentage distribution of lip prints as Type V (31.39%) as the predominant and the least was Type I' (0.57%). For thumbprints in both sexes loop exhibit high percentages and arches the least. The association between lip prints and left thumb print shows statistically significant correlation in Lower Right Medial (LRM) (χ2 = 7.95, P= 0.0002) and Lower Left Lateral (LLL) (χ2 =5.42, P=0.02) compartments only. In conclusion, the lip print was found to be statistically associated with left thumb prints. Hence, relationship of finger prints and lip prints can hold potential promise as supplementary tool in personal authentication.

Key words: Finger print Lip prints, Nigeria, Personal authentication

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Abstract:MTA was developed in the year 1993 as root-end filling material as it possesses the ideal characteristics of orthograde or retrograde filling materials. An ideal material should seal the pathways of communication between root canal system and surrounding tissues, be nontoxic, biocompatible, insoluble in tissue fluids and dimensionally stable. MTA is also been used for pulp capping, pulpotomy, apical barrier formation in teeth with open apexes, repair of root perforations, and root canal filling. The main aim of this article is to review the numerous studies done on various aspects of the material. This article describes the composition, setting reaction, mechanism of action, properties, clinical application and disadvantages of MTA.

Key words: Apical barrier, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, ProRoot MTA,Portland cement, Root end filling

[1] Masoud Parirokh, Mahmoud Torabinejad. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: A comprehensive literature review-Part I: chemical, physical and antibacterial properties. J of Endodontics, 2010,36(1),16-27.

[2] Masoud Parirokh, Mahmoud Torabinejad. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: A comprehensive literature review-Part II: leakage and biocompatibility. Journal of Endodontics,2010,36(2),190-202.

[3] Masoud Parirokh, Mahmoud Torabinejad. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: A comprehensive literature review-Part I: clinical applications, drawbacks and mechanism of action. J of Endodontics,2010,36,

[4] S.C.V. Chedella & D.W. Berzins. A differential scanning calorimetry study of the setting reaction of MTA. International Endodontic Journal, 2010,43,509-518.

[5] Rodrigo Ricci Vivan,Ronald Ordinola Zapata, Marcia A Zeferino. Evaluation of the physical and chemical properties of two commercial and three experimental root-end filling materials. OOO 2010,110(2)250-256.

[6] M.G. Gandolfi, P. Taddei, A. Tinti & C. Prati. Apatite forming ability (bioactivity) of ProRoot MTA. International Endodontic Journal, 2010,43,917-929.

[7] M.H. Nekoofar, K. Oloomi, M.S. Sheykhrezae, R.Tabor, D.F.Stone. An evaluation of the effect of blood and human serum on the surface microhardness and surface microstructure of MTA. International Endodontic Journal,2010,43,849-857.

[8] E.G.Zeferino, C.E.S.Bueno, L.M.Oyama & D.A.Riberio. Ex vivo assessment of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in murine fibroblasts exposed to white MTA or white Portland cement with 15% bismuth oxide. International Endodontic Journal, 2010,43,843-848.

[9] J.Camilleri. evaluation of the physical properties of an endodontic Portland cement incorporating alternative radiopacifiers used as root-end filling material. International Endodontic Journal,2010,43,231-240.

[10] M.H.Nekoofar,D.F.Stone,P.M.H.Dummer. the effect of blood contamination on the compressive strength and surface microstructure of MTA. International Endodontic Journal,2010,43,782-791.