iosr-JDMS   Volume-7 ~ Issue-1

Abstract: Hydatid disease in the maxillo-facial region accounts for only 2.0% as compared to liver (60-75%) and lungs (15-25%). Here in, we report a rare case of hydatid disease in the right parotid gland in a young female from a rural farming background. A detailed history including occupational history gives clue to Hydatid disease as a differential diagnosis. Patients of hydatid disease must undergo a thorough systemic investigation as 20-30% patient's have multiorgan involvement. In the present case only right parotid was involved. Thus, in non endemic areas, ecchinococcosis of head and neck is very rare and therefore its conscious inclusion in the differential diagnosis helps.

Key Words: Primary, infratemporal swelling, Echinococcosis, Hydatid cyst, Parotid Swelling.

[1]. Georgopaulos S etal. Hydatid cyst in the duct of the submandibular gland.Int.J Oral Maxillofacial Surgery2007;36:177-179.
[2]. Akhan etal. Percutaneous treatment of a parotid gland Hydatid cyst: a possible alternative to surgery. Eur Radiol 2002;12:597-599.
[3]. Lewis etal. A review of ecchinococcal disease.Ann Surg1995;18(4):390-396.
[4]. Primary hydatid cyst in the soft tissue of the face : An exceptional occurrence. Indian J Dermatology. 2011;56:768-770.
[5]. Ataoglu H etal.Maxillofacial hydatid cyst.J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2002;60:454-456.
[6]. Katilmis H etal Primary hydatid cyst of neck. Am J Otol Head and Neck Surg 2007;28:205-207.
[7]. Akyildiz AN etal. Hydatid cyst of the pterygopalatine fossa.j Oral Maxillofac Surg 1991; 49:87-89.
[8]. Umesh K et al. Hydatid cyst in infratemporal region-A rare case report.Al Ameen J Med Sci.Vol 3, No.1,2010.
[9]. Hydatid cyst in the maxillo facial region – sabri Shuker BDS J Oral an Maxillo facial surgery. Vol 40 issue 3; 171-174 March 1982.

Abstract: Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability. Approximately 70% to 80% of people sustaining a stroke have upper limb (UL) impairment. Improving use of the affected UL is important however, because difficulty in using this UL in daily tasks has been associated with reduced quality of life. Additional effects of combining mirror therapy (MT) with Task Specific Exercises (TSE) to improve UL function post-stroke are unknown. Hence, primary objective of this study was to find out the effectiveness of combined TSE and MT interventions in sub-acute stroke patients to improve UL function and secondary objective was to compare the effectiveness of combined TSE and MT interventions with TSE alone and MT alone. Thirty-seven stroke patients were divided into 3 groups; Group A received TSE, Group B received MT and Group C received TSE as well as MT. Outcome measures were Action Research Arm Test, Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Voluntary Control Grading. All 3 groups showed statistically significant improvement on outcome measures but Group C improved more than the other 2 groups. Conclusion: TSE and MT interventions should be combined altogether in the treatment of sub-acute stroke patients to improve UL function.

Keywords: Mirror therapy, Stroke, Task specific exercises, Task specific training, Upper limb function.

[1] Kimberlee, J, Marcus K. Augmented Reality Assisted Upper Limb Rehabilitation Following Stroke. 2012.
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[6] Newman M. The Process of Recovery: After Hemiplegia. Stroke 1971; 3(6): 702-710.
[7] Teasell RW, Foley NC, Salter KL, Jutai JW. A Blueprint For Transforming Stroke Rehabilitation Care In Canada: The Case For Change. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2008; 89:575–578.
[8] Schmidt RA, Lee TD. Motor Control and Learning: A Behavioural Emphasis, 4th edition. Champaign IL: Human Kinetics. 2005.
[9] Winstein CJ, Campbell SJ. Conditions of task practice for individuals with neurologic impairments. In: Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation: Volume II Medical Neurorehabilitation. Cambridge University Press; 2006.
[10] Hubbard IJ, Parsons MW, Neilson C, Carey LM. Task‐specific training: evidence for and translation to clinical practice. Occupational Therapy International 2009; 16(3‐4): 175-189.

Abstract: Teachers of Physiology facilitate the learning of students belonging to different courses and each student has different sensory modality preferences while assimilating information. Students with a visual learning preference prefer learning with graphs and diagrams; students with an auditory preference learn by listening to information; those with a read/write preference prefer textual matter and those with a kinesthetic preference prefer to learn by physical experiences like touching and manipulating material. This study was done to determine the sensory modality learning preferences of first year dental students studying Physiology in South India. The VARK (Visual, Aural, Read/Write, Kinesthetic) questionnaire was administered to 89 first year dental students in a Medical College in South India. Results revealed that the majority of first year dental students (55%) preferred to use a single sensory modality while learning ie., they had unimodal learning preferences. Out of the students who had a unimodal preference, it was found that 47% had a preference for the aural modality and 41% had a preference for the kinesthetic modality. This knowledge of the sensory modality learning preferences of students studying Physiology can act as a catalyst to initiate reflection and subsequent appropriate action by teachers of Physiology. Keywords – Dental students, learning preferences, Physiology, unimodal, VARK

[1] Cuthbert PF. The student learning process: Learning styles or learning approaches? Teaching in Higher Education 2005; 10(2): 235-249

[2] Felder RM, Brent R. Understanding Student Differences. J. Engr. Education 2005; 94(1): 57-72

[3] Flemming D. VARK. A Guide to Learning Styles (online) [cited 2013 Jan

5].Available from: http://www.vark- learn.com/english/ page.asp?p_questionnaire

[4] Fleming N, Baume D. Learning Styles Again: VARKing up the right tree! Educational Developments 2006; 7(4):4.

[5] Samarakoon L, Fernando T, Rodrigo C, Rajapakse S. Learning styles and approaches to learning among medical undergraduates and postgraduates. BMC medical education 2013; 13(1): 42.RT

[6] Slater JA, Lujan HL, DiCarlo SE. Does gender influence learning style preferences of first-year medical students? Adv Physiol Educ. 2007; 31: 336-342

[7] Lujan HL, DiCarlo SE. First-year medical students prefer multiple learning styles. Adv Physiol Educ. 2006; 30: 13-16

[8] Baykan Z, Naçar M .Learning styles of first-year medical students attending Erciyes University in Kayseri, Turkey. Adv Physiol Educ. 2007; 31(2): 158-160.

[9] Breckler J, Joun D, Ngo H. Learning styles of physiology students interested in the health professions. Adv Physiol Educ. 2009; 33(1): 30-36.

[10] Meechan-Andrews TA. Teaching mode efficiency and learning preferences of first year nursing students. Nurse Educ Today 2009; 29: 24-32

Abstract: Sonographic evaluation of the carotid arteries, both gray scale and doppler is widely used for risk assessment for cerebrovascular accidents. Objective To establish the sensitivity of carotid doppler in patients with cerebrovascular accidents and the risk factors (on carotid USG) associated with severity of cerebrovascular accidents. Method- The present study Carotid Doppler evaluation of Transient Ischaemic Attack and Stroke patients and its correlation with CT scan head was carried out in 100 patients with cerebrovascular accidents during the period of September 2011 to September 2012. Patients with neurological symptoms were divided into two groups: stroke and transient ischaemic attack, based on CT head findings. All patients were then subjected to gray scale and doppler evaluation of carotid arteries. Results In stroke patients 42 out of 50 showed evidence of carotid stenosis (ipsilateral or bilateral) while 8 patients were normal. Thus the sensitivity of carotid doppler in stroke patients was 84%. 70% of patients with >50% stenosis had large infarct on CT scan head while only 25% of patients with <50% stenosis had large infarct (p value-0.003). Conclusion- Carotid doppler is an important non invasive diagnostic tool with high sensitivity

Keywords: Stroke, Transient ischaemic attack, Carotid gray scale, Carotid doppler, CT Head

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