iosr-JDMS   Volume-6 ~ Issue-2

Abstract:Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a common condition among patients admitted to hospitals, and it is associated with a worse prognosis and increased mortality. Although several screening systems are now available, PEM is still poorly recognized especially in the rural settings as there is no consensus on which test is more reliable and feasible in clinical practice. Prealbumin (PAB) is a potential useful PEM marker because its serum concentrations are closely related to early changes in nutritional status. We studied PEM prevalence and PAB serum concentrations in 120 hospitalized patients. The Detailed Nutritional Assessment (DNA) was used as the reference method to determine PEM. PAB performance was compared with that of 2 other methods, the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and the Prognostic Inflammatory and Nutritional Index score (PINI). According to the DNA reference method, 51% of patients were classified with mild malnutrition and 23% with severe malnutrition. PAB showed the best concordance with the standard DNA method (concordance index, 80%) and a good sensitivity/specificity profile (84.9%/78.9%) compared with SGA and PINI. We conclude that PAB could represent a feasible and reliable tool in the evaluation of nutritionalstatus, especially in rural settings where it is difficult to obtain a more detailed and comprehensive nutritional assessment such as the DNA.

Keywords: Protein-energy Malnutrition, Prealbumin, Admitted-adult-patients, rural- hospitals, Rivers State.

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Abstract: Epilepsy is sometimes called a seizure disorder. It is characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. There are over 40 different types of epilepsy and it affects people of all nations and cuts across all races. The Epilepsy Foundation of America defines it as, "a physical condition that occurs when there is a sudden, brief change in how the brain works". Not all seizures are due to epilepsy. There are about fifty million people worldwide at any point in time with this disease and it is not contagious. According to a publication of the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities, 2004, "about two million Americans have epilepsy; of the 125,000 new cases that develop each year, up to 50% are children and adolescents". In most cultures, people with epilepsy have been discriminated against, stigmatized, shunned, or even imprisoned due to misconceptions and ignorance about the true nature of this disease condition. Epilepsy can occur in animals other than humans.

Keywords: Epilepsy, seizures, convulsants, contagious, palliative and curative.

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Abstract: Objective: Though sinu-nasal neoplasms comprise of a small percentage of head neck tumours, they areincreasing in incidence due to rapid industrialization and an increase in life expectancy. Further in many cases they present at an advanced stage and data from studies on them from eastern region of the country is limited, encouraging this study. The aim of this study to evaluate the clinical and demographic profile as well as the histological variation of sinunasal neoplasms and it relation with occupation and addiction. Methods: Design: Prospective study Setting: Tertiary government teaching hospital Participants: All patients presenting with neoplastic lesion in nasal cavity between December, 2009 to May, 2011 Results: Eighty two(82) patients-- 57 (69.51%) male and 25 (30.49%) female aged upto 80 years, were included, displaying male predominance and clustering in the fifth decade of life. Benign lesions (44 cases , 53.66%) were more common than the malignant lesions (33 cases , 40.24% ) and 5 cases (6.10%) were seen indeterminant for malignancy/low-grade malignant potential. Most common anatomical location was nasal cavity(57.32%) and farmers were mostly affected by sinonasal neoplasm (30%). Commonest clinical presentation was epistaxis (31.71%). Conclusion: Sinonasal neoplasms have wide range of possibilities. Commonly, patients present with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Early diagnosis with the help of newer diagnostic modalities with prompt treatment is necessary for these patients. Histopathological diagnosis is necessary for any neoplastic lesion in nasal cavity. This will guide us for further management of these lesions

Keywords: Paranasal sinus ; Neoplastic lesion ; Nasal obstruction ; Epistaxis ; Sinonasal neoplasm

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Abstract: AIMS & OBJECTIVES: To determine the fetal outcome and mode of delivery in patients with meconium stained liquor during labour.MATERIALS & METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted from January 2012 to December 2012 on patients admitted to Labour ward,PSGIMSR. Out of 2124 deliveries,250 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in our study.The data was collected in a predesigned proforma.RESULTS: The results of fetal outcome and mode of delivery were analysed statistically using SPSS version 19. The Chi Square test was applied between Grades of Meconium and APGAR Score.p value< 0.05 which was statistically significant. Also, the study between Grades of Meconium and CTG pattern proved to be significant with p value < 0.05.CONCLUSION: Meconium Stained Liquor alone is not assosiated with an adverse neonatal outcome,86% of babies remained asymptomatic .Increasing Grade of MSL is associated with increased adverse outcome. Association of MSL with abnormal CTG is assosiated with poor outcome, Increased caesarean section rate, increased neonatal complications.

Keywords: APGAR Score, CTG, Meconium Stained Liquor, Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

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