iosr-JDMS   Volume-4 ~ Issue-1

Abstract: A smile is one of the most effective means by which people convey their emotions. When an excess of gingiva superior to the maxillary anterior teeth is displayed upon full smile, it is termed a gingival smile or Gummy smile. Treatment modalities for gummy smile change according to its etiology. One cause of excessive gingival display is the muscular capacity to raise the upper lip higher than average. Several surgical procedures have been reported to improve the condition, but surgery always involves risk and is costly. Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) (Botox; Allergan, Irvine, Calif) has been studied since the late 1970s for the treatment of several conditions associated with excessive muscle contraction. Injection with BTX-A at preselected sites is a novel, cosmetically effective, minimally invasive alternative for the temporary improvement of gummy smiles caused by hyperfunctional upper lip elevator muscles.
Keywords: NEUROMUSCULAR CORRECTION, GUMMY SMILE, BOTOX

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Abstract: "Oral health is a mirror of general health". Certain signs manifested in head and neck region including oral cavity serve as an imperative clue in diagnosing systemic disorders. These manifestations serve as clinical pearls in leading the clinician towards appropriate management of the disorder. The present review discusses some of the significant signs which act as clinical guide.
Keywords: Oral manifestations, systemic disorders, clinical guide.

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Abstract:Most prominent feature in osteoarthritis is the progressive destruction of articular cartilage which results in impaired joint motion, severe pain, structural and functional failure of synovial joints. A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in Burdwan Medical College, West Bengal, India on 76 postmenopausal women aged 45–70 years suffering from Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint, which was diagnosed from symptoms, clinical examinations and radiographic findings. 150 subjects undergoing knee joint arthroscopy for chronic knee pain, meniscal tears or anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were taken as control .plasma vitamin C was measured. The width of knee joint space was measured from the radiographic plates to assess the disease severity. Knee joint radiographs were evaluated with the Kellgren–Lawrence grading scale .Furthermore both were correlated with plasma vitamin C levels to find out possible association between the vitamin C and the disease progression. Results showed that there was a significant decrease in vitamin C levels in patients with knee joint osteoarthritis as compared to the controls. Plasma vitamin C showed negative correlation with Kellgren–Lawrence grading and positive correlation with knee joint space width. Knee joint space width and vitamin C decreased with increasing Kellgren–Lawrence grade.
Key words: vitamin C .Knee Osteoarthritis, Kellgren–Lawrence grading scale,

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Comparative evaluation of ondansetron and granisetron in prevention of post operative nausea and vomiting following laparoscopic cholecystectomy in females
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mohamad Ommid, Mubasher Ahmad, Nusrat Jehan, Faisal Ismail Shiekh, Sheeba Nazir, Gousia Nissa
	:	10.9790/0853-0411520

Abstract: Post operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) continue to be frequent occurrences, even when conventional antiemetics are prophylactically used. In a randomized double blind study, 100 female patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia were divided into 2 groups of 50 patients each and received 0.1mg/Kg of Ondansetron (Group X) or 0.04mg/Kg of Granisetron (Group Y) preoperatively. Patients were observed for 24 hours post operatively and interpretation of symptoms of nausea and vomiting was done according to Gan and Alexander scale (0-2). 80% of patients in Group Y and 48 % patients
in Group X did not experience PONV; the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). 2 patients (4%) in Group Y and 15patients (30%) in Group X required rescue antiemetic medication during the 24 hour study period. The difference was found to be highly significant (p<0.001) The difference in the incidence of PONV between the two groups after 6 hours to 24 hours was highly significant (p<0.001). It was concluded that prophylactic administration of Granisetron is more effective than Ondansetron, in reducing in incidence of PONV with prolonged effects.
Key words: Granisetron, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Ondansetron,

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